Izinsiza kusebenza, izikhali kanye ukulwa amandla Japanese Air Force: Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili kwakuyinkathi yokululama ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu zezindiza wezempi e emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Imbangela yale Air Force kwaba isidingo States emoyeni futhi missile lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela izikhungo zezomnotho nezombusazwe. Ukuthuthukiswa ukulwa izindiza laligujwa hhayi kuphela e-Europe. Ikhulu lamashumi amabili - esikhathini sokwanda amandla Japanese Lasemoyeni, lapho uhulumeni uye wafuna ukuvikela ngokwabo, zamasu kanye ezibalulekile isimo izindawo.

Indlela Bonke baqala? Japan kule minyaka 1891-1910

Ngo-1891, imishini Japan kuqala flying ezaqaliswa. Lawa kwakungamadodana onobuhle usebenzisa motors zenjoloba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sidalwe indiza ngaphezulu, lapho isakhiwo waba drive futhi bendiza pusher. Kodwa lo mkhiqizo amaJapane Air Force ngangingenasithakazelo. Aviation Wazalwa ngo-1910, ngemva yokufuna izindiza "Farman" futhi "Grande".

1914. I DogFight lokuqala

Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa Japanese izindiza zempi enziwa Septhemba 1914. Ngaleso sikhathi impi ngaselangeni njengoba liphuma, kanye iBrithani neFrance kuqhathaniswa amaJalimane wamisa endaweni yase-China. Ngonyaka owandulela lezi zenzakalo amaJapane Air Force nezinjongo zokuqeqesha atholwe indiza ezimbili double "Nieuport NG" futhi omunye kathathu "Nieuport le NM" 1910 ukukhululwa. Ngokushesha lezi aviaedinitsy ziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa. air force Japan ngo-1913, ngaphambi kokuba kwadingeka izindiza ezine "Farman", okuyinto yakhelwe kwesimo endaweni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baqala usetshenziselwe isicelo iziteleka air isitha.

Ngo-1914, i-air force German eyenziwa kuhlaselwa le mikhumbi Tsingatao. EJalimane ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi usebenzise eyodwa engcono ezindizayo imishini yakhe - "Taub". Ngokuhamba lo mkhankaso indiza Air Force Japanese eyenziwa 86 nokuhlasela kwachitheka amabhomu 44.

iminyaka 1916-1930. Imisebenzi izinkampani yokukhiqiza

Ngaleso sikhathi, izinkampani Japanese "Kawasaki", "Nakajima" futhi "Mitsubishi" abazenzi ukuthuthukisa isikebhe esiyingqayizivele flying "Yokoso". Kusukela ngo-1916, abakhiqizi Japanese ngikudalile imiklamo engcono izindiza onobuhle eJalimane, eFrance naseNgilandi. Lokhu eziyimbangela eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Kusukela ngo-1930, izinkampani sebeqala akhiqize izindiza i-Air Force e-Japan. Namuhla, amabutho ngalesi simo baphakathi amabutho eziyishumi ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni.

ngentuthuko yasekhaya

Ngawo-1936, "Kawasaki" izinkampani yokukhiqiza Japanese, "Nakajima" futhi "Mitsubishi" ibhanoyi lokuqala zazakhiwa. Japan Air Force wayevele webhomu iwele-injini production ezifuywayo G3M1 futhi Ki-21 kwesimo endaweni izindiza Ki-15 fighter A5M1. Ngo-1937, ukungqubuzana Japan neChina lwavutha futhi. Lokhu kwabangela azimele wamabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini Japan nokubuyisela ukulawula kukahulumeni phezu kwabo.

air force yaseJapan. umyalo

Inhloko amabutho emoyeni of Japan kuyinto endlunkulu main. Umyalo ke nokho lingaphansi kwelomyeni kuye:

• ukwesekwa ukulwa;
• zezindiza;
• ukuxhumana;
• ukuqeqeshwa;
• iqembu nokuvikeleka;
• ukuhlolwa;
• esibhedlela;
• Japan Air Force umnyango counterintelligence.

Battle of the Air Force wethule ukulwa, ukuqeqeshwa, ezokuthutha kanye nezindiza ezinemishini yokuthwebula ephambili ekhethekile nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

Umyalo Sakhiwo izindiza phambi Umhlaba

Kwaphela isikhathi eside amabutho wonke uMbuso of Japan kwakungamadodana ezimbili ezimele kusukela enye ingqalasizinda ngamunye lempi - Army futhi Navy. Umhlahlandlela wokuqala yafuna ukuba amayunithi abo iphansi kwesandla sika-zezindiza for ezokuthutha izimpahla zabo. Ukwakha abathwali anjalo Takinava endaweni Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ifektri "Arsenal №1", elalingelamaFilisti ngamasosha ahamba, ngcono futhi reworked umgibeli futhi imikhumbi yezohwebo ekhona. Ziyakwazi izindlela asizayo zokuthutha futhi kabanzi esetshenziswa ukuthutha nabasebenzi kanye armored phansi amabutho. Ensimini ka kule mboni wawusegunjini ingqalasizinda airfield elikuvumela ukuzwa izindiza indondo.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe I ibutho zezindiza Japan kwadingeka iyunithi zako ezisemqoka lempi - emoyeni lamabutho of the Army. Lalinama squadrons (AE). Ngamunye equkethe ezindizeni nanye. Kulawa, izimoto ezintathu okuqondene esiqiwini. Inani elifanayo eyodwa isixhumanisi umugqa Aviation Authority (LA) kanye zazingaphansi kwabakhululekileyo Jikelele Abasebenzi. isigaba ngasinye yayizosetshenziselwa msebenzi: kwesimo endaweni, fighter kanye nemisebenzi legkobombardirovochnyh we-Japanese Air Force. Kwesimo endaweni imishini nezikhali regiments olunezinombolo 30 amayunithi fighter - 45. Akhethekile ukwahlukana aviagroup kwakhiwa, athole airfields zabo, ukulungisa. Bona zigcinwa Army Aviation Corps. Mina uwaphathe asebenza isikhundla hhayi ngaphansana induna.

kabusha

Ngo-1942, base zakhishwa Army Aviation Corps. ukwahlukana, okuyinto nge izingxenye regiments ephakeme umyalo Lwemisebenzi isakhiwo kuphela. Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, zonke izindiza Japanese kwakungelona uhlobo ahlukene amasosha, futhi subordinated kuya Navy nebutho zombusi. Ngokushesha kwaba ihlelwe kabusha ibutho zezindiza amayunithi, okuholela ukuhlotshaniswa, noma regiments (AA), ukuba ezingeni lokusebenza futhi amasu:

• Okokuqala Air Army (BA) nge base endaweni Kanto and endlunkulu eTokyo. Danae ibutho Japanese elawulwa kanye Kurile Islands, neKorea, iTaiwan.
• BA Okwesibili kumi Xinjing. Area of umthwalo kwaba Manchukuo.
• Okwesithathu VA ahamba ophethe isifunda Southeast Asia. Indlunkulu wayemi e-Singapore.
• Okwesine BA elawulwa New Guinea naseMicronesia eSolomon Islands. Indlunkulu itholakala eRabaul.
• Okwesihlanu VA kwadingeka endaweni amalungelo engeziwe enkonzo phakathi izindawo ehlasela eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-China. Indlunkulu - emzini Nanjing.
• Okwesithupha VA kwadingeka ekomkhulu lawo esiqhingini Kyushu. izindawo ezazilawulwa - esiqhingini Okinawa, Taiwan nasentshonalanga Japan.

"Kamikaze" Air Japan

Umlando waleli izwi ifinyelela ngo-1944. Ngaleso sikhathi, Japan wenza kabusha zezindiza. Ngesisekelo the aviation regiments ekhona elaliholwa izigubhu Japanese kwamiswa amayunithi ekhethekile. Ayeyisizwe isigaba ka ekuhlaseleni futhi asemthethweni zihlonzwe njengoba isigaba "Kamikaze". Umsebenti wabo kwaba ukubhujiswa ngokomzimba of webhomu Amayunithi United States Air Force B-17 no-B-29. Njengoba umsebenzi walo izigubhu Japanese Special Isigaba wawenziwa usebenzisa ziyalungiswa endizeni yabo ayinazo izikhali.

Ukuze umklamo amayunithi enjalo esivamile izindiza fuselage oluqinisayo ukugqanyiswa. Kuwo wonke umlando zamabutho emoyeni of Japan yasungulwa ezingaphezu kuka-160 imigqomo zezindiza amayunithi ekhethekile. Kulaba, 57 kuye kwamiswa ngesisekelo ukuqeqesha ukwahlukana emoyeni.

Ngo-1945, lo msebenzi wenziwa "Ketsu-hamba" ukuze kuvikeleke iziqhingi eJapane ngendiza amabutho e-United States. Ngenxa yalokho we kabusha wonke amabutho yahlanganiswa ibe uhlaka olulodwa ngaphansi kobuholi Jikelele Aviation M. Kavabe.

imodeli esisetshenziselwa

Phakathi ezahlukene ukulwa zezindiza izindiza ke linendawo ekhethekile Mitsubishi F-2. Japan Lasemoyeni, okuyiwona azidala, wasebenzisa lo imodeli njengoba ukufundisa nokuqeqesha, kanye fighter-webhomu. Indiza ubhekwa umlandeli odlule okufana maloudachnyh F-1, nayo wadala ngumkhiqizi Japanese "Mitsubishi". Nebubi, okwakuwukuphela kwezidalwa F-1 Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le imodeli wadedelwa ebangeni enganele nabancane ukulwa umthwalo. Uma kuhlelelwa imodeli entsha F-2 Abaklami Japanese, onjiniyela zingaphansi kwethonya yephrojekthi American "Edzhayn Falcon". Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi F-2 elakhiwe kungukubonakala okusikhumbuza prototype yayo - imodeli eMelika F-16, kubhekwa ukukhiqizwa entsha Japanese, ngoba ezinye umehluko:

• Ukusetshenziswa izinto ezahlukene ukwakhiwa. Ngo womshini imodeli Japanese libhekene ukusetshenziswa kabanzi esiyinhlanganisela amamaterial, okuyinto kakhulu kwathinta ukwehla isisindo airframe.
• Aircraft Design F-2 ihlukile F-16.
• Abahlukahlukene on-ebhodini izinhlelo.
• Ngokungafani izingalo.
• F-2 kanye prototype yayo esebenzisa electronics ahlukahlukene.

Umklamo we izindiza Japanese F-2 eqhathanisa kahle ne-prototype for alula, akhululeke nezimo.

imodeli B6N1

Air Force of Japan eMpini Yezwe II esetshenziswa omunye wakhe kakhulu emphemeni torpedo ekuhlaseleni B6N1 ( "Tendzan"). Ukuqala ukudiliva ye-serial yale ndiza waqala ngo-1943. Lwathi luphela ekwindla yayakhiwe 133 izindiza. Amasampula wokuqala wathola isigaba, ezazihlanganisa abathwali izindiza: 601 th, 652 th, futhi 653 th. Njengoba kwakunamaJuda buyingozi evela e-US Air Force esiqhingini saseBougainville, ubuholi Japan zezindiza, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele amane B6N1 amayunithi eRabaul. Ngo-November, kanye iqhaza lokhu model, emoyeni impi yokuqala nale eyayilahlekile. Kwaba khona abangu-16 abehlomile "Tendzanov". Kulawa, amaJapane Air Force elahlekile ezine. Ngakusasa nokuhlasela amabili ayengoMahaloni futhi ungasizi.

umklamo B6N1

• "Tendzan" cylinder ifakwe air Ukupholisa ngomoya.
• Engine "Mamoru" is okubhekwe 1800 l / s.
• Imishini ukulwa izindiza emelelwa yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi kokufaka ezimbili 27.7 mm ubukhulu izibhamu.
• B6N1 ibhomu umthwalo ebalelwa 800 kg. Lokhu kufaka torpedo (1pc) namabhomu.
• Passenger umthamo - abantu abathathu.

Impi ye-Mariana Islands

Ngo-June 1944, Japan Air Force esetshenziswa emphemeni "Tendzan" empini eduze Mariana Islands. Ubude amayunithi 68 wathatha ingxenye. B6N1 imodeli kule mpi wakhonza njengephayona torpedo-ekuhlaseleni kanye nabaholi radar - Babeyimbangela umdubuli kambayimbayi ngoba nesigubhu amaqembu akhethekile bezindiza Japanese. Le mpi Japan futhi izindiza zayo lalahleka. Izinhlangothi 68 ngemuva base eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela.

Ngemva Battle of the Marianas Japanese ubuholi zezindiza, kwanqunywa ukuthi indiza imodeli zisebenzisa base ugu kuphela.

Ukuchitheka ye-USSR

Aircraft "Tendzan" empini ngenxa Okinawa zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso ekuhlaseleni futhi Kamikaze izimoto. B6N1 izindiza kwaba ifakwe radar ekhethekile. Ngakho-ke Japan Aviation umyalo imodeli inikezwe wabelwa 93 m kokutai (Air Group), elenziwe patrol anti-ngwenya. "Tendzany" wangenisa 553rd kokutai. Japan Air Iqembu Air Force lalinabashumayeli izimoto 13 ukuthi waba nengxenye belwa izindiza zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Naphezu imingcele yayo omuhle lobuchwepheshe, amaJapane "Tendzany" has kusimo, eyayihlanganisa Ukukhetha kabi injini. Lokhu behlisa isingeniso inqubo B6N1 ekukhiqizweni. Ngenxa yalokho, imodeli ekhishwe kakhulu abasasilele emuva indiza isitha.

Japanese emoyeni imikhumbi

Ngo-1975, izisebenzi ze-ibutho lasemoyeni of Japan lalinabashumayeli izinkulungwane zabantu 45. Combat imikhumbi kwadingeka amayunithi 500. Kulawa, angu-60 basonta imishini fighters F-4EJ, 170 amayunithi F10- 4J 250 F-86F. Isetshenziselwa imodeli ukuhlola RF-4e futhi RF-86F (amayunithi 20). EJapane Air kokuthutha izimpahla walimaza enikeziwe imishini zezindiza 35 nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane 20 150 PU noSuri Hajk-J. Esikoleni ehlobo, kwakukhona 350 izindiza. Ukuze ukuthunyelwa anawo Japanese emoyeni umyalo kwadingeka 15 airbases futhi airfields.

Ngo-2012, inani le- yehlile kusuka 45 000 kuya kwezingu-43 700. imikhumbi Okuphawulekayo anda (amayunithi 200).

Japan Air Force namuhla aqukethe amayunithi 700, kuhlanganise:

• 260 - futhi Tactical multi-indima bomlilo;
• 200 - stormtroopers futhi zemfundo imodeli ukuqeqeshwa;
• 17 - AWACS izindiza;
• 7 - imodeli ethwele umsakazo intelligence;
• 4 - ngamaloli amasu;
• 44 - imishini samasosha ezokuthutha.

Defense uhlelo

Ukwehlisa inani le- ekunwetshweni ngoxhaxha ukulwa izindiza imibukiso ua amabutho emoyeni of Japan ayikho mass kuphoyinti umthelela. Ngokusho kohlelo olusha ukuvikela, Air Force ngeke ukwandisa amandla ezivikela, futhi ngeke sokufaka isigaba yayo ngokugxila nabo kwi-izikhundla osendaweni ekahle. Enye yalezi zindawo iyisiqhingi Ryuko. Isinyathelo sesibili emisebenzini Air Command bethola lo sesihlanu fighter aircraft.