Izinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo: amagama nezinhlobo

Izinsimbi zokudlala, amagama nezincazelo zazo ezivezwe kulesi sihloko, zivele ngaphambi kwamanye amathuluzi omculo. Zasetshenziswa ezikhathini zasendulo yizizwe zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye nezwekazi lase-Afrika ukuhamba nemidanso yokudumisa nemidanso yenkolo. Izinsimbi zomculo wokudlala, amagama abo amaningi, njengezinhlobo zazo, zivame kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, ngaphandle kwazo noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa okungenziwa ngaphandle. Lezi zihlanganisa lezo umsindo okhishwa ngethonya.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ngokwezimfanelo zabo zomculo, okungukuthi, uma kunokwenzeka ukukhipha imisindo yomunye noma omunye ukuphakama, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ngamaqembu amabili zonke izinhlobo zezingoma zokudlala, amagama azo okushiwo kule ngqikithi: ngokuphakama okungaqiniseki komsindo (amapuleti, amadubhu, njll) kanye nokuphakama okuthile I-Xylophone, i-timpani). Zibuye zahlukaniswa ngokohlobo lwe-vibrator (umzimba ozwakalayo) ezizimele (ama-castanets, ama-triangles, amapuleti, njll.), Lamellar (amabell, vibraphones, xylophones, njll) kanye ne-membranous (ingoma, amadubhu, i-timpani, njll).

Manje uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezingcingo zokudlala. Yisho amagama ambalwa nokuthi yini enquma ukugqama kanye nomthamo womsindo wabo.

Yini enquma ivolumu kanye nesimiso somsindo

Ukuzwakala komsindo wabo kunqunywa ukuphakama kokudlidliza komzimba ozwakalayo, okungukuthi, ngamandla omthelela, kanye nobukhulu bomzimba ozwakalayo. Ukukhuliswa komsindo kwezinye izinsimbi kutholakala ngokufaka ama-resonators. I-timbre enalezi noma lezo zinhlobo zomculo wezingcingo zixhomeke ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Okuyinhloko yindlela yokwenza umthelela, into okuvela kuyo leyo nsimbi, nokuma komzimba ozwakalayo.

Izinsimbi zomculo ezithintekayo

Umzimba ozwakalayo kuwo ungumlenze noma ulwelwesi olunwetshiwe. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinsimbi zomculo zokudlala, ogama lawo lingumcengezi, amadubhu, i-timpani, njll.

I-Timpani

I-Timpani iyithuluzi elinomsindo othile wezwi, onesihloko sensimbi ngesimo se-boiler. I-membrane, eyenziwe ngesikhumba esembathowe, iselulwe engxenyeni engenhla yalesi sibhebhe. Njengomlenze okwamanje usetshenziswe ngezinto zokwenziwa kwe-polymeri ekhanda elikhethekile. It is fixed on the body by the screws screws and hoop. I-screws elahlelwe eceleni kwesikhala ishicilelwe noma iqiniswe. Insimbi yomculo we-timpani isethwe kanje: uma i-membrane idonswa, uhlelo luba lukhulu, futhi uma luyancipha, luzoba luphansi. Ukuze ungaphazamisi ulwelwesi ukuze udlidliza ngokukhululekile, kunomgodi wokuhamba emoyeni kusuka ngezansi. Umzimba walolu thuluzi lenziwe ngethusi, ithusi noma i-aluminium. I-Timpani ihlelwe ku-tripod - indawo ekhethekile.

Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa i-orchestra kuqoqo lama-2, 3, 4 noma ngaphezulu ama-boilers wezinayizi ezahlukene. Kusuka ku-550 kuya ku-700 mm ububanzi be-timpani zanamuhla. Behlukanisa izinhlobo zabo ezilandelayo: ukuzenzela, ukugcizelela nokuphenya. Izindwangu zivame kakhulu, ngoba ungakha kabusha ithuluzi ekhiye oyifunayo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umdlalo, ngokucindezela i-pedal. Ku-timpani, ivolumu yomsindo cishe ilingana ne-quintet. Ngaphansi kwazo zonke ezinye, i-timpani enkulu isethiwe.

Tulumbas

I-Tulumbas iyinsimbi endala yokudlala (uhlobo lwe-timpani). Wasebenza ekhulwini le-XVII-XVIII ebuthweni, lapho ayejwayele ukuthumela izimpawu ze-alamu. Esimweni yi-resonator enemibala. Lesi sitsha sasendulo (uhlobo lwe-timpani) singenziwa ngensimbi, ubumba noma ukhuni. Kusenhla limbozwe isikhumba. Ngalesi siklamo sishaya amaxhantshi enkuni. Kuzwakala umsindo ozwakalayo, ofana nesibhamu.

Drums

Siyaqhubeka nokuchaza amathrekhi wokudabuka, amagama awo abhalwe ohlwini ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Amathikithi anengqikithi engafakiwe. Lezi zihlanganisa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zokudlala. Amagama, uhlu lwalokhu okushiwo ngezansi, bonke badonsa amadubhu (izinhlobo zabo ezahlukene). Kunezidubhu ezinkulu noma ezincane ze-orchestral, ezihlukahlukene ezinkulu nezincane, kanye ne-bongos, tom-bass kanye no-tom-tenor.

I-drum enkulu ye-orchestra inomzimba wesimiso se-cylindrical, ehlanganiswe ngeplastiki noma isikhumba ezinhlangothini zombili. Kubonakala ngomsindo osisithulu, ophansi, onamandla, i-beater yokukhipha izinkuni enetipho ngesimo sebhola le-filigree noma elizwayo. Namuhla, ngenxa yesikhumba semigubhu, baqala ukusebenzisa i-polymer ifilimu esikhundleni sekhanda lesikhumba. Unayo impahla engcono kakhulu yomculo-acoustic namandla aphezulu. Amadubhu omlenze abhekene nezikhwama zokubambisana kanye nezibhamu ezimbili. Umzimba walolu thuluzi lenziwe nge- plywood ehlanganisiwe noma ishidi elihlanganisiwe futhi lihlanganiswe ne-celluloid yobuciko. Ilinganisa u-680x365 mm. I drum enkulu ehlukahlukene ineklamo kanye nokuma okufana nesigubhu se-orchestral. Ubukhulu bayo buyi-580x350 mm.

Ingoma encane yomculo i-cylinder ephansi, ehlanganiswe ngepulasitiki noma isikhumba ezinhlangothini zombili. I-membranes (membrane) emzimbeni ihlelwe ngosizo lokuqinisa izikhonkwane nezimbambo ezimbili. Ukuze unikeze ithuluzi umsindo othize, izintambo ezikhethekile noma izintambo ezincane (ukuvunguza) zisekwe phezu kwekhanda eliphansi. Baqhutshwa indlela yokusetha kabusha. Ukusetshenziswa kwezingqimba zokwenziwa ngamadubhu kuvunyelwe ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza, izici zomculo-acoustic, isethulo kanye nobude besevisi. Ingoma encane ye-orchestra ilinganisa 340x170 mm. Ifakwe ku-symphony nasezinkundleni zamabutho ezethusi. Idramu encane ehlukahlukene inedivayisi efana ne-orchestral. Ubukhulu bayo buyi-356x118 mm.

Amathrekhi utamat-tom-bass no-tom-tom-tenor kudivayisi ayifani. Zisetshenziselwa ukushaqeka ukufakwa kwezihlukahlukene. U-Tom-tenor unamathele kudramu enkulu ngosizo lwe-bracket. I-Tom-tom-bass efakwe endaweni ekhethekile phansi.

Amangqamu amadubhu anesayizi encane, ohlangothini olulodwa lweplastiki noma lesikhumba eselulelwe. Zifakwe kudoti yengoma. I-Bongi ixhunyiwe yi-adapters.

Njengoba ubona, amadubhu ahlanganisa amathrekhi amaningi. Amagama abhalwe ngenhla angase ahlanganiswe ngokufaka izinhlobo ezithile ezingathandwa kakhulu.

Ingqungquthela

I-drum isigobolondo (i-hoop), ngakolunye uhlangothi lapho ipulasitiki noma isikhumba sithulwa khona. Izitshalo ezikhethekile zenziwa emzimbeni wesigodlo. Baqinisa izingqwembe zethusi, ngokubukeka bezingcingo ezincane zomculo. Ngaphakathi kwe-hoop, ngezinye izikhathi ama-spikes amancane noma amabele asetshenziswe nge-twine evunguza noma elula. Konke lokhu kuncibilikisa ekuthinteni okuncane kancane kumcimbini, okwenza umsindo okhethekile. Embranini, ukushaywa kwenziwa ngesandla sesokunene (isisekelo salo) noma ngamasu eminwe.

Amathamborini asetshenziselwa ukuhamba nezingoma nemidanso. Ekhono lobuchwepheshe beMpumalanga selufinyelele ubuciko bokudlala kule nsimbi. Kukhona ne-solo edlala ngodubhu. I-Dyaph, def def or gaval - ingoma ye-Azerbaijani yase-Azerbaijani, i-hawal noma i-daf - i-Armenian, i-daira-isiGeorgia, i-doira - i-Tajik ne-Uzbek.

Izinsimbi zomculo we-Plate

Qhubeka ukuchaza izitsha zokuxubha. Izithombe nezina zamadubhu ohlobo lweplate zihanjiswa ngezansi. Kulezi zinsimbi, ezinomsindo othile wezwi, ungafaka i-xylophone, i-marimba (i-marimbafon), i-metalophone, izinsimbi, izinsimbi, i-vibraphone.

I-Xylophone

I-Xylophone iyisethi yamabhuloki enziwe ngamasayizi ahlukene, ahambisana nemisindo yezindawo eziphakeme. I-Brusochki eyenziwe kusuka ku-rosewood, ngesi-spruce, ku-walnut, ku-maple. Zibekwe ngokufanayo emigqeni engu-4, elandela umyalelo wezinga le- chromatic. Lawa ma-brusochki ayenezintambo eziqinile, futhi ahlukaniswe nemithombo. Ngezimbobo ezenziwe ku brusochkah, udlula intambo. I-xylophone yomdlalo ihlelwe etafuleni kuma-spacers ahlanganiswe ne-raber, atholakala eceleni kwezintambo zalesi sitsha. Idlalwa ngezinti ezimbili zamapulangwe, ezinomzimba ekugcineni. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukudlala e-orchestra noma nge-solo play.

I-Metallophone ne-marimba

I-metalophone ne-marimba nazo ziyizingcingo zomculo. Izithombe namazita azo nganoma yini oyishoyo? Siphakamisa ukubazi kangcono.

I-metalophone iyinsimbi yomculo efana ne-xylophone, kodwa izingqimba zayo zomsindo zenziwe zensimbi (ithusi noma ithusi). Isithombe sithunyelwe ngezansi.

I-Marimba (i-marimba) iyithuluzi elinezici ezizwakalayo yizingqwembe zamapulangwe. Ihlanganisa ama-resonator we-metal we-metal wokuthuthukisa umsindo.

I-Marimba ine-timbre enomuthi. Ububanzi bomsindo walo ngu-4 octaves. Amacwecwe okudlala ale nsimbi ayenziwe nge-rosewood. Lokhu kunikeza izici ezinhle zomculo nezici ze-instrument. Emigqeni emibili ehlathini kukhona amapulethi. Emgqeni wokuqala - amapuleti amathoni asemqoka, naku-halftones yesibili. Ama-resonators afakwe emigqeni engu-2 kuhlaka, ahlolwe kumvamisa womsindo ohambisana namacwecwe abo. Isithombe sale thuluzi sinikezwe ngezansi.

Izingqwembe eziyisisekelo ze-marimba zihlelwe enqoleni yokusekela. Uhlaka lwale trolley lwenziwe nge-aluminium. Lokhu kunikeza amandla anele nesisindo esincane. I-Marimba isetshenziselwa izinhloso zemfundo kanye nemidlalo yobuchwepheshe.

Vibrator

Leli thuluzi liyisethi yamapuleti aluminium aluminium, ahanjiswe nge-chromatically, ahlelwe emigqeni engu-2 ngokufaniswa nekhibhodi yepiyano. Etafuleni eliphakeme (uhlaka), amapulangwe aphakanyisiwe futhi anamathele ezintanjeni. Phakathi nendawo ngayinye kubo kukhona ama-resonator e-cylindrical wezinga elithile. Ngabo badlula engxenyeni engenhla ye-axis, lapho abalandeli be-fan (abafakela khona) abahleli khona. Ngakho ukudlidliza kutholakala. I-damper ineli thuluzi. Ixhunywe ngaphansi kombhede nge-pedal ukuze ukwazi ukufaka umsindo ngonyawo lwakho. On the vibraphone udlale ngo-2, 3, 4, futhi ngezinye izikhathi inamba enkulu yamathanga amade ngamabhola enjoloba ekupheleni. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziswe ku-orchestra ye-symphony, kodwa kaningi ngokuphindaphindiwe noma njengethuluzi le-solo. Isithombe sithunyelwe ngezansi.

Amabheyili

Ngimaphi amathrekhi wokudlala engingayenza ibell in the orchestra? Impendulo eyiyo yizinsimbi. Lokhu kuyisethi yamathuluzi okuqhuma okusetshenziselwa ama-orchestra ama-symphonic kanye nama-opera ngale njongo. Amabellane ahlanganisa isethi (kusuka ezicucu ezingu-12 kuya kwezingu-18) zamapayipi angama-cylindrical ahlelwe nge-chromatically. Ngokuvamile zenziwe ngamapayipi ase-chrome anezinsimbi noma zethusi. Ububanzi bazo buvela ku-25 kuya kuma-38 mm. Amiswe okwesikhashana esikhwameni esikhethekile, okuphakama kwawo okungaba ngu-2 m. Umsindo ukhishwa ngamapayipi wesando sokhuni. Amabhethri afakwe idivayisi ekhethekile (i-pedal-damper) yokwenza umsindo.

I-Bellflowers

Lesi isitsha sokuxubha esinezinsimbi zensimbi ezingu-23-25 ezihanjiswe ngokwezifiso. Zihlelwe ezinyathelweni zemigqa emibili ebhokisini eliphambene. Izinkinobho ezimnyama zepiyano zihambisana nomugqa ophezulu, nezinkinobho ezimhlophe kumugqa ophansi.

Izinsimbi zokuziqhenya ezizikhukhumeza

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezingcingo zomculo (amagama nezinhlobo) zikhona, umuntu akanakusiza kodwa akhulume ngamadubhu azizwakalayo. Lolu hlobo lubandakanya amathuluzi alandelayo: amapuleti, ama-tam, ama-triangles, ama-rattles, ama-maracas, ama-castanet, njll.

Amapulangwe

Amapulangwe ayinsimbi disks eyenziwe nge-nickel isiliva noma ithusi. Uhlobo oluthile oluyinkimbinkimbi lunamathele kuma-disks weplate. Izibambo zesikhumba zithinteka esikhungweni. Umsindo omude ozwakalayo ukhiqizwa uma bethana. Ngezinye izikhathi sebenzisa ipuleti eyodwa. Khona-ke umsindo ususwe ngokushaya ibhulashi lensimbi noma induku. Amapuleti we-Orchestral, ama-plate "gong" ne "charleston" akhishwa. Bazwakala bekhala, ngokungazelelwe.

Ake sikhulume ngokuthi yiziphi ezinye izinsimbi zokudlala. Ama ifotho anamagama nezincazelo kuzokusiza ukuba wazi kangcono.

I-Triangle Orchestral

Unxantathu we-orchestral (okufanekiselwa ngezansi) yinduku yensimbi yendlela evulekile eyinxantathu. Leli thuluzi lilondolozwe ngokukhululekile emdlalweni bese lishaywa ngenduku yensimbi, yenza amaphethini ahlukahlukene. Izwi elikhalayo, elikhanyayo linonxantathu. It isetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene kanye orchestras. Izintathuli zikhiqizwa ngezinti ezimbili ezenziwe ngensimbi.

I-Gong noma kukhona-kukhona i-bronze disc enezingqimba ezigobile. Isibhamu esinomuthi ozwakalayo sishaywa esikhungweni saso. Kuvela umsindo ozwakalayo, okhulu futhi ojulile, ogcwele amandla ofika kancane kancane, hhayi ngokushesha ngemva komthelela.

Ama-Castanethi nama-Maracas

Ama-Castanets (isithombe sabo sinikezwe ngezansi) kuyisimboli somuntu waseSpain. Ngefomu lesi sitsha sasendulo sensimbi yokugubha igobolondo exhunywe yintambo. Omunye wabo uphendulelwa ohlangothini lwe-spherical (concave) kwesinye. Zenziwe zeplastiki noma izinkuni. Ama-castanethi akhiqiza okukodwa noma kabili.

I-Maracas yimibala eyenziwe ngepulasitiki noma ngokhuni, igcwele ukudubula (inamba encane yezingcezu zensimbi) futhi ihlotshiswe ngombala ngaphandle. Bahlome isibambo ukuze bahlale bekhululekile phakathi nomdlalo. Amaphethini ahlukahlukene angenziwa kabusha ngokuzamazama ama-maracas. Zisetshenziswe ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezibucayi.

Ama-rattles amaqoqo ezindiza ezincane ezigxotshiwe epulatifheni emthini.

Lawa angamagama asemqoka amathrekhi wokudlala. Yiqiniso, kunezinye eziningi. Saxoxa ngomdume odume kakhulu futhi odumile.

Ukufakwa kokumangalisa, okuyizinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlangene

Ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele leli qembu lezinsimbi, kufanele wazi nokwakheka kwamakhikithi omthelela (ukufaka). Okuvame kakhulu ukubunjwa okulandelayo: isigubhu esikhulu nesincane, ipuleti enkulu nelincane, ipuleti elihlangene le-hey-hat ("charleston"), i-bongos, i-tom-tom alto, i-Tom-tom tenor ne-Tom-tom-bass.

Ngaphansi phambi komculi kufakwe isigubhu esikhulu, ukuze ukuzinza kube nemilenze enenkani. Ngedugubhu, amadubhu angagcinwa kusuka phezulu ngensizakalo yabakaki t tom-tom alto no-Tom-tom tenor. Ibuye inikeze indawo eyengeziwe, lapho ipuleti ye-orchestra ihleli khona. Ukulungiswa kumvuthwandaba omkhulu wegubhu-tom tto no-Tom-tom abashayeli be-tenor bahlela ukuphakama kwabo.

I-pedal mechanical iyingxenye ebalulekile yidramu enkulu. Umculi uyisebenzisela ukukhipha umsindo kule nsimbi yomculo. I-drum encane ehlukahlukene ihlanganiswe ngempela emgodini wegubhu. It is fixed with stickers ezintathu endaweni ekhethekile: eyodwa pull-out kanye amabili flaps. Ukuma phansi kufakiwe. Lona ukuma okuhlinzekwa ukulungiswa endaweni ethile, kanye nezinguquko ekuthambekeni komgubhu wokugibezela ngedivayisi yokukhiya.

Isigubhu sinogibe sinomshini wokugcoba kanye nokusetha kabusha, okusetshenziselwa ukulungisa isiqu. Futhi, i-drum kit ngezinye izikhathi ihlanganisa inqwaba yezindlu, umthamo we-violas nomthamo wezigubhu ezihlukahlukene.

Futhi, i- drum setha (okufanekiselwa ngezansi) ihlanganisa amacwecwe e-orchestral nge-stand, isihlalo kanye nokuma kwe-mechanic ye-Charleston. Ama-Maracas, ama-triangles, ama-castanet nezinye izinsimbi zomsindo yizinto ezihambisana nalokhu kokufakwa.

Izingxenye zokulondoloza nezesekeli

Ukuze songe Izesekeli nezingxenye zezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo kungabandakanya: entendeni namasimbali wezinsimbi, ugibe imigqomo, ekhencezayo "Charleston" litavrovye inamathela mechanical beater sigubhu (elikhulu), inamathela isigubhu esincane, ezihlukahlukene drumsticks wezinsimbi ibhulashi, clappers futhi ukuhlinza bass sigubhu, amabhande, wallets.

Shock-ikhibhodi

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukushaqeka-keyboard zezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo. Ukuze ukushaqeka-key libhekisela Amaphiyano. Izintambo upiyano ahlelwe nendawo, hits isando kusukela phansi kuze. I upiyano kuhlukile ukuthi isando ushaya isiqondiso umculi izintambo kanye. Izintambo ke welulela indiza mpo. Upiyano ne upiyano umsindo ngenxa ukujula amandla umsindo futhi ukuphakama, kanye namathuba enkulu la mathuluzi bebonke ezaziwayo. Bobabili amathuluzi kungenziwa ngokuthi ngegama elilodwa - "Piano". Piano - kuyinto ezinezintambo eshaywayo ithuluzi ngokwendlela indlela yokukhipha umsindo.

Rocker indlela esetshenziswa kwalo kungukuchotshozwa simiso iziyisikhombisa ezihlobene nomunye, esebenza ukuze adlulisele amandla amayunithi wezinhlamvu iminwe wopiyano. It siqukethe le Mechanics kanye ikhibhodi. Keyboard - iqoqo okhiye, inani okuyinto ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu uhla umsindo insimbi yomculo. Keys yokwakha yaseGrisi amapuleti evamile plastic. Zibe sezisebenzisa izikhonkwane ogibele Uhlaka ikhibhodi. Ngamunye okhiye has lwezimpawu phambili, umshayeli, cap futhi ikhava. It okuhambisa njengoba isigwedlo uhlobo lokuqala wopiyano amandla phezu ukuma Mechanics. Mechanics - isenzo isando is iguqulwe ukuze ashaye izintambo nge izando umculi amandla lapho ukhiye icindezelwa. Uyayibumba ngezando zakhiwe hornbeam ne-maple, wazizwa izimfanelo kokokunamathisela ikhanda labo.