Izinkuni zokhuni: uhlelo lokusebenza engadini, izindawo

Izinkuni zokhuni zisetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo njengomanyolo ophilayo. Lokhu kuyimithombo ebalulekile ye-potassium, i-calcium, i-sodium ne-magnesium, kanye nezinye izinto eziwusizo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo.

Yeka ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukushisa umlotha engadini? Iyini ukwakheka kwayo? Ungayisebenzisa kanjani? Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo neminye eminingi kulesi sihloko.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Ash

Kungcono kunzima ukucacisa ngokunembile ukubunjwa kwalowo mzimba wemvelo, ngoba uhluka kuye ngokuthi ubudala nobunikazi besitshalo obushisiwe. Noma kunjalo, u-DI Mendeleev wethule ifomu elijwayelekile lomlotha, okubonisa ukuthi iphesenti yezinto eziqukethwe ku-100 amagremu alo manyolo.

I-Ash formula

Izakhiwo zezingodo zomuthi zibangelwa ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, okufaka izinto eziningi ezilandelanayo. Ezinye zazo zinomthelela omuhle ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukiseni izitshalo, kanti ezinye zisiza ekulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlushwa kwalezi zingxenye kungase kube ngaphezulu noma okuphansi kunalokho okushiwo. Kodwa-ke, uhlu olulandelayo lunikeza umbono ojwayelekile walokho izinto kanye nokuthi yiliphi inani eliqukethwe emlothweni:

• I-calcium silicate (CaSiO3) - 16.5%;
• I-calcium carbonate (i-CaCO3) - i-17%;
• I-calcium chloride (CaCl2) - i-12%;
• I-calcium sulfate (CaSO4) - 14%;
• I-Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) - 4%;
• I-potassium orthophosphate (K3PO4) - 13%;
• I-Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) 4%;
• I-Magnesium silicate (MgSiO3) - 4%;
• I-sodium chloride (NaCl) - 0.5%;
• I-orthophosphate ye-sodium (NaPO4) - 15%.

Abalimi bamasimu basebenzise ngempumelelo umlotha wezinkuni njengomthombo we-lime ne-potassium. Igama elithi "potash" livela emlonyeni wokubilisa umlotha ("umlotha ovela ebhokisini") futhi isiNgisi siphambuka. Leli gama lichazwa yindlela ende yokwenza lo manyolo. Esikhathini esidlule, umlotha wageza, bese kuphuma ikhambi eliholelekile. I-precipitate eyabangela ukuthi iqukethe i- potassium carbonate namanye ama-salts.

Zonke izakhi zamaminerali ezikulesi sitshalo ziqukethe umlotha ongenazinyosi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sici engadini kuyasiza ukugcwalisa inhlabathi nge potassium, okuqinisa iziqu zezitshalo, okwenza zibe zizinzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium yandisa kakhulu amandla okuphila esitshalo, yandisa ukumelana nezifo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamapulangwe emanzini kuvumela ukuvimbela ukukhula ngokweqile kwesitshalo, esibangelwa i-nitrogen ngokweqile, hhayi ukuvumela ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwesithelo, okuvame ukuvusa i-phosphoric acid. I-Potassium ihileleke ngentshiseko ku-photosynthesis nasekwakhekeni kwe-pigment eluhlaza ngeziqu kanye namaqabunga.

I-ash evela enkuni elukhuni iqukethe i-potassium engaphezulu kunomanyolo kusuka emadwaleni athambile. Kukhona umbono ongalungile ukuthi kungcono kakhulu futhi kungalimaza isitshalo. Eqinisweni, womabili womlotha kufanelekile ukuba usetshenziswe enhlabathini emibhede yemifino, izingadi nemithi yezithelo.

Umlotha olungiselelwe ungagcinwa endaweni eyomile ukuze usebenzise ngokuqhubekayo noma ngokushesha ubeke emgqonyeni wegundane noma umquba. Gcina kangcono emasakeni esikhwameni. Uma ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kuqinisekisile ukuthi kukhona inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu endaweni yakho, sebenzisa umlotha ekwindla, ebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se 2.5 kg nge 10 m ² .

Ukungabi ne-potassium

Ukuthi inhlabathi ayinakho i-potassium, kubonisa ushintsho ekubukeni kwamaqabunga ezitshalo. Njengoba i-potassium ihamba ukusuka emaqabungeni aphansi kuya phezulu, ngakho-ke, ngokwanele ngokwanele, umkhawulo wamaqabunga aphansi uqala ukuphuzi, bese uthola i-tint brown. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga ama-mottled noma amabala aphuzi avela emaqabungeni aphansi.

Ngingaki ukwenza umlotha kangaki?

Inkuni yokhuni idonsa inhlabathi. Iphindwe ngokuphindwe kabili njenge-limestone, evame ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inhlabathi enamandla kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi lo manyolo kufanele usetshenziswe njalo ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-agronomists ayincomo ukuyifaka emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuhlola kuqala i-acidity yenhlabathi.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Izitshalo eziningi zithuthuka kahle emhlabathini obuthakathaka, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa komlotha eningi kakhulu kuvunyelwe kuphela enhlabathini eningi kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa okulula kwe- acidity yenhlabathi kungenziwa ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha isampula yasemhlabathini, ungancibilikise ngamanzi amancane, ahlanzekile noma ahlanzekile futhi ufake iphepha le-litmus engxenyeni yomhlabathi. Umbala walo uzoshintsha ngokushesha. Kuhlala kuphela ukuliqhathanisa netafula lemibala, elihlanganiswe nesethi ngayinye yephepha le-litmus.

Ukusetshenziswa komlotha

Namuhla, abalimi abaningi basebenzisa umlotha wokhuni. Ukusebenza ensimini yemifino kuhilela ukuyifaka emgqonyeni we-compost, lapho izinto eziphilayo ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-acids ahlukene.

Izinto ezilukhuni kakhulu ze-compost inqwaba ihamba kancane kancane. Umlotha owethulwe kahle awuhambisani nalesi simo. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, eziningi ze-ammonia zizokhipha umquba, onokulimaza ngisho nokubulala izimbongolo zomhlaba ezihlala lapho nezinye izinhlobo zomhlabathi eziwusizo.

I-Ash kufanele ihlakazeke emgqeni ngamunye wensimu, utshani obuntshani obunziwe, udoti lokudla. Uma izinto eziphilayo kanye nomlotha zihlangene, umquba uhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene eziwusizo ezikhuthaza ukubola. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi basakaze cishe i-kilogram eyodwa yomlotha ngamunye ngemitha engu-1 ye-compost.

Inkuni yokhuni iyindawo yokugcina yangempela yezakhi zonke izitshalo. Kudingekile ukwazi ukuthi ezindaweni ezimoya omswakama, inhlabathi emagqabeni, izingadi nezitsheni zekhishi kancane kancane ziyasuswa, futhi izinkuni zokhuni zizosiza ukuzinciphisa. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo onjalo ensimini kuzosiza ukwandisa isivuno esakhiweni sakho.

Umlotha njengomanyolo: kanjani ongafaka isicelo?

Ingasetshenziselwa ifomu elomile nelingaqedwa. Isixazululo sezinkuni umthombo wamaminerali. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa esikhundleni samanzi, lapho imbewu ehlwanyelwe ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwazo. Imbewu yezitshalo zemifino igcinwe kwisisombululo esinjalo cishe amahora ayisithupha, bese isomile futhi itshalwe enhlabathini.

Ukuze ulungiselele ukwakheka okunjalo, izipuni ezimbili zomlotha kufanele zithathelwe ilitha lamanzi futhi ziqhubeke izinsuku ezimbili, ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa. Isixazululo singasetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo nezindwangu zasendlini. Inhlabathi eyindlala enqenqemeni entsheni, engadini noma ensimini inganciphisa ngokufaka umlotha okhuni kuwo. Ukugcwala ngamanzi, izinhlabathi zomhlabathi zobumba, ukwakha izibani. Engeza kulo umlotha okhuni ngesilinganiso se-5 kg ngehora leshumi nanye, futhi inhlabathi iyoba yinto ekhungathekile kakhulu.

Ephumelelayo nge-roses nezithelo ezihlahla, umuthi wokhuni ngumanyolo. Ungayisebenzisa kanjani kulokhu? I-powder eyomile kufanele ihlakazeke entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphansi kwama-roses kubalulekile ukuletha cishe amagremu angu-500 omlotha ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Phakathi nemvula nokunisela, izakhi ezisuka kumanyolo zingena ohlelweni lwempande zezitshalo.

Izinkuni ezivela emadwaleni aqinile kanye nokutshaniswa kuyakusiza. Iqukethe inani elifanayo lemilime njengomhlabathi womhlabathi, okudingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala kwamagatsha. Iningi lala utshani lisebenza kakhulu emhlabathini kanye ne-asidi ye-neutral (pH kusuka ku-6 ukuya ku-7). Ngalesi sizinga, izakhi ezisenhlabathini zifinyeleleka kakhulu ezitshalweni, zithandwa kalula yizimpande.

Ubuntshani obunamela, obuthola ingxenye enkulu yamapulangwe, buhlukumeza ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ye-asidi, ngakho-ke abavumeli ukhula endaweni yabo eseduze.

Ash njengoba umanyolo we-strawberries

I-strawberries enomnandi, enomshukela futhi enomnandi iyatshalwa emhlabeni wonke, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukeneyo, ngesimo sezulu esihlukile kanye nezimo zezulu. Ngokusho kwe-agronomists, isivuno esihle sama-strawberry asitholakali ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo owengeziwe. Kodwa zonke izivini, emva kokuzwa ngomanyolo, ucabanga ukuthi zingaba yingozi kangakanani empilweni. Kule ndaba, abantu abaningi basebenzisa izindlela zomuntu, amalungiselelo e-organic, okunye okuyizinto ezenziwe ngamapulangwe.

Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ukufaka umquba wamajikijolo akho owathandayo? Ama-strawberries asondiswa ngokukhipha umlotha, noma ezihlukahlukene ezomile, eziletha ngaphansi kwezihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukugqoka okunjalo kukhulisa inombolo ye-peduncles futhi, ngokufanele, amajikijolo. U-Ash uvame ukufakwa emigodini lapho udala umbhede omusha we-sitrobheli. Isici salomanyolo ngumphumela wayo ohlala njalo. Igcina izindawo eziwusizo iminyaka emibili emva kokufaka isicelo enhlabathini.

Isixazululo se-Ash

Ukutshala ama-strawberries ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa isisombululo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingilazi yomswakama ichitheka ibhakede lamanzi, ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, isixazululo sixubene kahle ukusabalalisa umlotha ngokulinganayo, futhi amanzi amanzi. Kulesi sakhiwo, akukho nitrogen, ngoba iyanyamalala ngenkathi kushiswa izinkuni. Ochwepheshe abaphakamisi ukufaka umanyolo we-nitrogen kanye nawo.

Kufanele ungasebenzisi nini umlotha nini?

Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer (okubandakanya okuphilayo) kuholela emiphumeleni engemihle engaphansi kokungabi khona kwabo ngokuphelele. Umlotha okhuni njengomanyolo kufanele ususwe ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi ophezulu.

Ku-pH ephakeme, izinguquko zangaphandle ezitshalweni zikhonjiswa. Ngaphezulu kwe-calcium:

• Ukukhula okusheshayo kwama rosettes amaqabunga e-apula kanye namagilebhisi.
• Ukufa nonke ubude bezithelo zamatamatisi.
• Ukuwa amaqabunga ezimbali zensimu.
• I-chlorosis ngokubonakala kwamabala amhlophe ku-roses.
• Shintsha ku-pigmentation yamaqabunga (aphenduka amhlophe).

Nge-excess of potassium:

• I-pulp yamapheya kanye nama-apula aphenduka ensundu.
• Kukhona ukunambitheka okumuncu kwesithelo.
• Ukuwa kwamaqabunga ezitshalo.

Izinzuzo zomanyolo

Umanyolo ophawulekayo wokuvela emvelweni yi-wood ash. Ukusetshenziswa kwendaba eyomile noma emhlabathini engadini ngeke kulimaze impilo yabathandekayo bakho. Lena ingxabano eyinhloko ngokukhetha umlotha wokutshala izitshalo. Izitshalo ezivela emlilweni, uma zisetshenziswe kahle, ziyasebenza kakhulu. Basiza nje ukukhulisa isivuno semifino, izithelo namajikijolo, kodwa futhi basindise ekuthengeni kwamakhemikhali okwenziwe ngomumo. Kulula ukwenza umlotha ngokwakho.