Izinga lomzila wesayensi

Indlela yokufundisa iyinhlangano lapho kuhlolwa khona inqubo yokuhlela imisebenzi. Ucwaningo lwenziwa njalo. . Izinga lezinqubo zokucwaninga zihlukaniswa nesakhiwo sokwazi. Ake siwahlole ngokuningiliziwe.

Ulwazi jikelele

U-E. G. Yudin wakhetha:

1. . Izinga lamafilosofi lendlela . Ucatshangwa ukuthi nguye ophakeme.
2. . Izinga elivamile lesayensi lendlela . Esikhathini sayo, izikhundla zemfundo zakhiwe, ezisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke iziyalo.
3. Izinga eliqondile-zesayensi. Lapha kusetshenziswe izindlela nezindinganiso ezisetshenziselwa isiyalo esithile.
4. Izinga lobuchwepheshe. Lapha, iqoqo lezinqubo lenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthola ukwaziswa okuthembekile nokucubungula okuyinhloko kwedatha.

определенным образом взаимосвязаны друг с другом. Wonke amazinga wesayensi yezesayensi ahlobene ngendlela ethile. Bonke boba nokunyakaza okuzimele okuhleliwe.

Izinga lamafilosofi

Isebenza njengesisekelo sokuqukethwe. Isisekelo salo sakhiwa yimigomo ejwayelekile yomsebenzi wokuzicabangela kanye nokwakhiwa kwesigaba somkhakha wonke. Ihlinzekwa ngesimo solwazi lwefilosofi futhi ithuthukiswe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile. Ayikho uhlelo oluqinile lwezindlela zobuchwepheshe noma izinkambiso, okuholela ekufundiseni ulwazi. Isakhiwo sinezimpawu zomhlaba kanye nemfuneko yokusebenza. Zihlanganisa:

1. Izici ezibalulekile. Zimelela umbono wezwe womcabango.
2. Izidingo ezihlelekile. Bhekisela emafeneni ajwayelekile okucabanga okuchazwe ngokomlando yizixhobo zokusebenza.

Imisebenzi

Ifilosofi idlala indima emibili endleleni:

1. Iveza ukugxeka okwakhiwa kolwazi ngokwemingcele nemibandela yokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukwanela kwesisekelo sayo kanye nezinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuthuthukiswa. Ivuselela ukucabangela kwamanye amazwe, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga ezintsha, kusiza ukucinga izindlela zokutadisha.
2. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwefilosofi, ukuhumusha komhlaba jikelele kwemiphumela yokuqaphela kuyadalwa kusukela ekubukeni kwesithombe sekhonkrithi sezwe. Isebenza njengengqalasizinda yocwaningo olujulile, okudingekayo okudingekayo ukuze kube khona kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalo mbono kanye nokuqaliswa kwayo kube into ehambisanayo.

Indlela yesistimu

Ibonisa uxhumano jikelele kanye nokuhambisana ngokuvumelana kwezinqubo kanye nezimo zeqiniso elizungezile. Indlela yokusebenza iqondisa i-theorists kanye nodokotela ukuba bacabangele izenzakalo njengezakhiwo ezinamaphethini abo okusebenza kanye nesakhiwo sabo. Isisekelo saso sisezingeni lokuthi izinto ezizimele azibhekwa njengezizimele, kodwa ngokuxhumana, ukunyakaza nokuthuthukiswa. Indlela enjalo yenza kube lula ukuthola izindawo zokuhlanganiswa zesistimu kanye nezici zobunikazi ezingekho ezakhiweni ngokwahlukana.

Izinga lendlela yokufundisa

Ukusebenzisa indlela yokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe isimiso sobumbano lwe-theory, umkhuba nokuhlola. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokufundisa kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuqiniswa kwezikhundla, ulwazi, ithuthukiswe futhi luvivinywa ezingeni lobuciko. Ukuzijwayeza kubuye kube umthombo wezinkinga ezintsha zemfundo. науки позволяют найти правильные решения. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga esayensi kanye nokuhlola yendlela yesayensi asivumela ukuba sithole izixazululo ezifanele. Nokho, izinkinga zomhlaba ezivela emkhakheni wezemfundo ziveza imibuzo emisha. Bona, nabo badinga isifundo esiyisisekelo.

Ukubheka kwezinkinga

Izindaba eziphathelene nokufundisa nokusebenza kwengqondo zihlale zibhekwa njengezifanele kakhulu. Ukucwaninga ngezimo ezenzeka kwinqubo yezemfundo, ngokombono wezinkulumo zezilimi, kwenza kube lula ukukhomba ukuqala kwabo okubalulekile, ukuxhumana kwabo nezinye izenzakalo. Ngokusho komqondo, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuthuthukiswa, imfundo yabathengi besikhathi esizayo zifundiswa ngokuphathelene nemibandela ethile yomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe nokuphila komphakathi.

Ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi

, нельзя не сказать подробно об их роли в определении перспектив развития дисциплины. Uma sicabangela amazinga omgwaqo , asikwazi ukusho ngokuningiliziwe ngendima yabo ekunqumeni amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwesiyalo. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona ukuthambekela okubonakalayo ekuhlanganisweni kolwazi, ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto ezibonakalayo. , зачастую достаточно условны. Namuhla, imingcele eyabelana ngamazinga omgwaqo ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphikisana. Ekuqondiseni umphakathi, isibonelo, idatha yamathematika, i-cybernetics isetshenziswa. Ulwazi lusetshenziselwa nezinye izayensi ezingazange zifune ngaphambili ukuthi zisebenzise imisebenzi yemisebenzi ekutadisheni okusesidlangalaleni. Izixhumanisi phakathi kokuqondisa nokuqondiswa ziqinisiwe kakhulu. Imingcele phakathi kwemfundiso yezemfundo kanye nomqondo jikelele wengqondo, phakathi kwe-pedagogy kanye ne-physiology, njalonjalo, iyaqhubeka iba yinto evamile.

Ukuphikisana kokuqondisa

сегодня претерпевают качественные изменения. Izinga lezinqubo zingaphansi kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo namuhla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kweziyalo, ukwakheka kwezici ezintsha zesifundo. Kulesi simo kubalulekile ukulondoloza ibhalansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungalahlekelwa isifundo sokutadisha - izinkinga ngqo ezingokwengqondo nezenkolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqondisa ulwazi lwekhonkrithi kwisisombululo semibandela eyisisekelo.

Ukususa izinkomba

Namuhla, igebe eliphakathi kwezindaba zefilosofi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nendlela eqondile yokuqonda ukucabanga kwengqondo nokufundisa kubonakala ngokucacile. Ngenxa yalokho, ochwepheshe ngokuya ngokuya phambili kokutadisha isihloko esithile. . Ngakho-ke, kuvela amazinga aphakathi okuphakathi. Kukhona izinkinga ze-topical. Ngesikhathi esifanayo asikaxazululwa yifilosofi. Kulesi sixhumanisi, kubalulekile ukuthi ugcwalise umchamo ngemigomo nemigomo. Bazosivumela ukuba sithuthukise ekuthuthukiseni indlela eqondile yokwazi kwengqondo nokufundisa.

Ukusebenzisa idatha yezibalo

I-Psychology ne-pedagogy namuhla isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola indawo yokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuqondisa ngqo. Lokhu, futhi, kuyisisusa esiqine kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwezigaba zezibalo. Esikhathini sale nqubo yokukhula komgomo, akunakugwemeka ukwethula izingxenye ze-absolutization yezindlela zokucwaninga ezithintekayo ezilimaza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. Lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokukhethekile emfundweni yangaphandle yezemfundo. Lapho, izibalo zezibalo ngokuvamile ziyisixazululo jikelele kuzo zonke izinkinga. Linqunywe yilokhu okulandelayo. Uhlaziyo olufanele ngaphakathi kohlaka locwaningqondo lwezingqondo nokufundisa ngokuvamile luholela eziphethweni ezingamukeleki ezakhiweni zamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela yokulinganisa yenza kube lula ukufezekisa imiphumela yokukhonjiswa, kuhlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi okuphathwa ngendlela efanele kokubili kulezi ziyalo nangaphezulu.

Indima yomuntu

Emisebenzini yobuchwepheshe, isihloko senza njengesixhumanisi esichazayo. Lesi sikhundla silandela embonweni jikelele wezenhlalakahle wendima ekhulayo yesici somuntu emlandweni, intuthuko yezenhlalakahle ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuqhubeka komphakathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwamukela lesi sitatimende ezingeni lokuxoshwa, iningi labacwaningi bayaliphika kunoma yisiphi isimo esithile. Ngokusanda kukhula, umbono uboniswa ukuthi ohlelweni "lomuntu-machine", into engathembeki kakhulu ingcweti. Ngokuvamile lesi simo siholela ekuchazeni okuphakathi komuntu phakathi komuntu ngamunye kanye nobuchwepheshe emisebenzini yomsebenzi. Kulezi zici ezicashile, iqiniso kufanele lifunwe emazingeni ezengqondo, ezemfundo, namafilosofi-ezenhlalakahle.

Isiphetho

Indlela yokufundisa isebenza ngokuchazayo, okushoyo, imisebenzi echazayo, neyejwayelekile (normative). Ukuba khona kwabo kunquma ukuhlukaniswa kweziqalo zesiyalo zibe yizigaba ezimbili. Kumathekisthi kufaka:

1. Incazelo yenqubo.
2. Izici ezijwayelekile zesiyalo.
3. Incazelo yamazinga.
4. Ukufaniswa kwemithombo yenkxaso yokucubungula inqubo.
5. Isihloko nento yokuhlaziywa.

Isembozo sezinto zokulawula:

1. Ulwazi lwesayensi ngaphakathi kwe-pedagogy.
2. Izimfanelo ezithile zomsebenzi wezemfundo ukujeziswa. Ngokuyinhloko, sisho uhlobo lokusetha imigomo, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezikhethekile zokuqonda, ukukhethwa kwento yokutadisha, okuhlukile kwimiqondo.
3. I-Typology yokucwaninga.
4. Impahla yolwazi, ongaziqhathanisa ngayo futhi uhlaziye umsebenzi.
5. Umbono wesifundo.

Lezi zizathu zichaza indawo enenjongo yokucubungula. Imiphumela etholakalayo ingaba yimithombo yokugcwalisa okuqukethwe kwendlela yokwayo kanye nokubonakaliswa kwesimo sechwepheshe.