Izimpawu Trans-Siberian ujantshi, amathemba ukuthuthukiswa

Trans-Siberian sesitimela - i ujantshi emangalisayo ne uyephuza omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni jikelele. It has kwaqala ingxenye European Russia kanye ligijima uhlobo enhle eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Naphezu nalesi sakhiwo esihle wezandla zomuntu, engaqondile unxusa umbuzo njengokuvela kwalo futhi singakanani isikhathi sasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa ngalesi "simangaliso isitimela emhlabeni"?

History of the isakhiwo

Baningi impela isikhathi sasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwalesi sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Umlando kanye amathemba ukuthuthukiswa lo mugqa emangalisayo baba ingxenye isiko Russian. Umgwaqo lakhiwa iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Kusukela ngesikhathi induna Nevel ngesikhathi soMfula Amur yaphakamisa ifulege isiRashiya, ezindebeni wonke umuntu kwaba ukwakhiwa the sesitimela Trans-Siberian.

amathemba ukuthuthukiswa bebelokhu ziyashaqisa. It kwakudingeka nakanjani ibe naso ukuze kuchunywa le expanses enkulukazi Russia. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, le nqubo asheshisa abathengisi, lapho beqala ukucela umbusi ngenxa yakhe. 1886 kwaba nakangaka: Alexander III isikhipha umyalo, futhi kwaqala eside elindelwe umsebenzi wokwakha.

Ukukhala lokuqala ngamapiki wafika endaweni Miass. Kuthiwa ukuthi Ural kwakufanele abe unina zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe.

uMbusi isinyathelo

Kwase kubekwe isisekelo ngendlela sasivumela onesizotha - Tsarevich Nikolay wathela nedlanzana emhlabeni ku fresh ojantshi. Ngo-March 31 kubhekwa usuku esemthethweni imisebenzi yakuqala. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi isidingo ezokuthutha izixhumanisi liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo.

Phakathi inhlabathi entsha Russian futhi eMoscow babe ngamakhulu amakhilomitha, kanye labantu esifundeni esise-Ural anda ukuze izigidi ezintathu. UHulumeni wayeqaphela ukuthi umane nje udinga ukuba emikhulu wesitimela sokuthuthukiswa egcwele zokuxhumana ezokuthutha.

Ithemba kakhulu kujantshi

Amathemba ukwakhiwa kwalesi sesitimela Trans-Siberian kwakuhluke kakhulu olunzulu. Sibambe ke, u-Alexander III wajaha hhayi kuphela kuwumgomo kwezomnotho. Isu yaKhe, ongathanda ukuyifinyelela ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo amabutho ePacific Ocean. Kodwa kwakungeyona kuphela umgomo esingashiwongo.

Njengoba sekunama-Indwangu kakhulu kube ngcono isikhundla nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Russia wakwazi ukwandisa ithonya lawo e eMongolia naseChina. Zonke wathuthuka ngejubane ezinhle: ngo-1886 emgwaqeni ifinyelele Ufa, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu - Chrysostom. Kodwa ngebhadi akuzona konke kwakuyize lushelele ngokushesha kungenzeka oyifunayo.

Izinkinga nokungabaza

Uma umzila owawugobhoza asemaqeleni lokuqala owendlalekile, manje waqala emaxhaphozini, izintaba izinqwaba enkulu yamatshe. Isimo engangibhekene naso esidumazayo, Nokho, lo mbusi akuyona uvalo. Yena wayefuna ulalelwe ngenkani futhi ngeke sikuvumele kunoma lokukholisa, kokuthathwa kwesiqunto - endleleni kuyoba.
Ngenhlanhla, usizo olukhulu kwaba uNgqongqoshe Chief of Finance ngaye, okuyinto yayidle ngokuqina nigxilile kulo ngenkolelo yokuthi lelo amathemba sokuthuthukiswa ujantshi Trans-Siberian uzobe ihlawulelwa lokho okwakulindelwe.

izinkinga ukwakhiwa kojantshi

Ukwakhiwa isivele kwashesha futhi ngo-1891 ngomkhumbi okuthiwa "Petersburg" komzila lokuqala ziphuthunyiswe. Kodwa kwakungeyona kuphela izimpahla ... Ngo Vladivostok alethwe iziboshwa futhi onjiniyela, anamanci mahlanu. Lokho-ke lwaluyoba abakhi kuqala iphrojekthi ezinkulu. Abaningi usola ukuthi abanye amaqiniso esidumazayo emlandweni walesi sakhiwo bafihlekile. Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa kwenziwe izimo ezinzima, ukuze ngendwangu efanayo ngesikhathi eyakhelwe efanayo empumalanga nasentshonalanga.

I babonisa isihluku nokungabi nasihe sezulu eziningi ekukhutshazweni futhi kakhulu kwawukhinyabeza irobhothi. Kwakuwumsebenzi emangalisayo kanzima, hhayi bonke ngothi lwabo babelokhu ... Kuvele Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu izimali, okungukuthi imali ukwakhiwa, babhebhethekisa kakhulu isimo.

Inkinga yayiwukuthi ekuqaleni abelwe ukwakhiwa ruble ezintathu namashumi amahlanu million, kodwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva kwaba sobala ukuthi izindleko kuyoba ephawuleka kakhulu. Akekho owakholwa ukuthi imali ezifana kungenzeka iyiphi amathemba ujantshi Trans-Siberian. Kafushane ithi - waqala austerity: kwehle indunduma mfushane belele, amabhuloho zazakhiwe nokhuni, okungakwazi ngokwako kwakuyingozi kakhulu.

Eziyimbangela yalokhu asikwazanga kodwa uzindle inani iziteshi - baba ncamashi izikhathi ezimbili ezincane kuno bekuhleliwe. Kwakuyisikhathi incazelo wangempela sesitimela Trans-Siberian. amathemba Development babe kamnandi Nokho, ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi zaziyoba khona izinkinga ezingathi sína.

Isici imisebenzi

Futhi-ke, kwakukhona kwetisebenti ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa phakathi kwenqubo zokusebenza, ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu eziyikhulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-kokubili bendawo nezivakashi.
Zonke zafuna udle, uphuze, babefanele okuthile ukuba agqoke. amathuluzi Hard ababenalo ekude. Highway kwavula ngesandla ngokuphelele. Uze endaweni we izintatheli irobhothi bashaqeka yilokho ezakubona: emi afika okhalweni eqhweni ezinodaka, abantu usuku lonke ukugawulwa ehlathini elicinene. Bona amahora ayishumi nesithupha ngosuku ingubo ukukhanya notshani izimbadada Siphuleka izimpande futhi iziphunzi.

Trans-Siberian sesitimela: izinhlelo ngekusasa

Ngokuvamile, abantu abangaphezu kuka-ngamashumi amabini anamahlanu amawaka ukubeka impilo yabo nje kuphela, kodwa ukuphila ukwakhiwa isimangaliso sesishiyagalombili somhlaba. Akhishwe imiphumela yezezimali, iziphathimandla kwakuzwakala kwesabelomali ujantshi - legolide ruble sesigidi. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sihlelwe ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo, okuyinto Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi nomthelela ngesabelomali isimo.
Ukuqedelwa ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho yayiseduze eKhabarovsk. Yakhiwa phezu Amur emfuleni. Ubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi ngemva konke kuzoba khona sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Amathemba yentuthuko kanye izindlela zokuthuthukisa nekusebenta ujantshi olucutshungulwayo asebenzayo futhi kuze kube yilolu suku. Yena kwakufanele izitha eziningi kangaka nabaphikisi abakufuna ngobuqotho abaqondi ukuthi kungani thina ukutshala imali engaka zomphakathi kule phrojekthi okuthiwa ezingabazisayo Nokho, isekhona esikhathini esizayo esiseduze uzobe kakhulu alungiswa.

Izinkinga kanye amathemba ukuthuthukiswa Trans-Siberian sesitimela

Kuze kube manje, umsebenzi oyinhloko ujantshi - ezokuthutha impahla emikhunjini. Ngaphandle kwayo, eSiberia ayengeke akwazi ukufeza le ezingeni yentuthuko. Ngenxa izinguquko emfuleni Trans-Siberian ukuba ngokoqobo amagcobo kakolweni. Namuhla, abaningi baye bakwazi ukuhlola ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kanye amasu ka kujantshi. Ukusebenzisa ke ukuya ezindaweni ezimaphakathi yezwe kungaba ushibhile kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zanamuhla zokuthutha.

Ngeshwa, njalo ngonyaka uyabona ukuthi umthamo wayo ingqalasizinda sinciphile. Kuba sobala ukuthi lo jantshi idinga ukulungiswa eningi. Nokho, lapho kufika ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukuthi ayibukeki inkinga, kuhle ukucabangela ukuthi zaba khona ekhulwini XIX futhi ngempela shabby. Wawusho ikusasa Trans-Siberian sesitimela? amathemba Development anesizotha kungagcini ekwenziweni kwamaphrojekthi ingqalasizinda eziningana eliseMpumalanga Ekude, e-Eastern eSiberia.
Lena imibono sasivumela jikelele ukuthi cishe izinkampani ezizimele ukuba Awunayo imali eyanele, ngoba kuhlobene izingozi ezithile zezimali. Nokho, kunezinzuzo zako. Uma wombuso aid iphrojekthi kuyolethwa ukuphila, kuyoba udale inani elikhulu imisebenzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izimali ezibanjwayo yentela ukuze isabelomali isimo. Kwaba ngokujulile kwebalingisi of the sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Amathemba yentuthuko mikhulu, kodwa uyoba ngokoqobo?