Izimiso oyobhekwa

Umlando uyazi yini isenzakalo esisodwa lapho okubhekene obugebengu ahileleke ngokuphelele engenacala ubugebengu bese umuntu ekukhonzeni inhlawulo, futhi abenzi bokubi ahlale wonkana. Ukuze uvimbele Ezimweni ezinjalo, noma okungenani ukunciphisa imiphumela yabo, abasekhweni noma abasemzini walala phansi izimiso oyobhekwa. Ekuqhubeni tinchubo, badlala indima ebalulekile futhi ngokuvamile yakha isendlalelo sokobana i ukuthethwa yicala. Empeleni, kuba isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke nobulelesi akhokhe amaphutha ehilelekile ikhomishana nomuntu ubugebengu abangenacala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimiso ezikulowo amathuluzi amaningi omhlaba kanye kazwelonke.

Isisekelo esingokomthetho isimiso nalowo oyobhekwa babeka phansi uMthethosisekelo (Article 49), Criminal Procedure Code (Isigaba 14), kanye nezinto zokubethwa international - Universal Declaration of Human Rights kanye nabanye.
Okusho isimiso nalowo oyobhekwa? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kusinika uMthethosisekelo. Ikakhulukazi, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ummangalelwa akanacala kuze kungase kutholakale enecala lobugebengu futhi baqinisekisa isigwebo inkantolo ngendlela ebekiwe ngumthetho inqubo lobugebengu.

Eenkambisweni zobulelesi, kuncike izimiso ezilandelayo nalowo oyobhekwa:
- I isibopho nihlola wecala, umuntu ohlinzeka ubufakazi incriminating umsolwa ku ummangaleli;
- the ubekwe icala lobugebengu ngeke aphoqelelwe ukufakazela ukuba msulwa;
- I ngokuqiniseka kufanele lusekelwe nesisekelo esihle bufakazi imibono kuwo abantwana azamukeleki;
- ukungabaza Obulalayo zingaveli inkambo zobulelesi, ngokuhunyushwa esivuna umuntu ubekwe icala lobugebengu.
Zonke lezi zimiso ka oyobhekwa ahloselwe ukuvikela ummangalelwa. Balindeleke ukuba bakwazi ukusungula zonke izimo, ngesigameko esenzeke i inhloso, Phenyisisani nangokuhlola ngokujulile. ubufakazi bezimo ukuthi kungahunyushwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, awukwazi laba isisekelo segama amacala. Ngezinye esingamahlalakhona of ubufakazi kuleli cala kumele sichithiwe bemangalelwa ngamacala obugebengu.

Umuntu angeke yicala ngaphandle kwecala. Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala, nalowo oyobhekwa zibaluleke ngokukhethekile, njengoba bonke agumenti wezwa futhi wafundelwa bonke ubufakazi endabeni ethile lobugebengu, kukhona amacala isheke of bonakaliso. Futhi uma wecala kubonakaliswa noma kubonakaliswa, kodwa hhayi ngokugcwele, umuntu angalunga, inani amacala singashintshwa, izinyathelo okuyofanele ngaphansi kwesinye isihloko we Criminal Code.

Endabeni ukuqashelwa ubumsulwa womuntu angase kufunwe isinxephezelo umonakalo kuzona mayelana ne excitation icala abekwe lona, kanye nezincwadi abezindaba, disproving icala lakhe.

Kuze okwamanje bokuqiniseka umuntu akubhekwa isigebengu, has wonke amalungelo njenganoma iyiphi enye isakhamuzi yezwe. It zingavinjelwa e amalungelo abo kuphela ngemva Isigwebo anikwe sona by namajaji.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi, ngokomthetho, ummangalelwa akufanele ubophekile ukufakazela akanacala, practice kuvela amaqiniso abonisa okuphambene. umshushisi igunya akanandaba lokuqoqa ulwazi kungabangela ukuthethwa yicala. Ngakho-ke, kuphela ilungelo kokuvikeleka ukuqinisekisa izithakazelo ummangalelwa. Inqubo ngokwaso kusekelwe isimiso adversarial, okuyinto icala igunya icala, futhi avikele phikisana e esivuna ummangalelwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nalowo oyobhekwa ayikwazi waqaphela ngokugcwele futhi ngokwengxenye esisemthethweni.