Izilwane zasekhaya: esingakanani owenza ukuthuthukiswa inkukhu?

Negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni le theory kanye umkhuba of bayashintshana ekufukameleni olwenze nezikhathi zokutadisha yentuthuko embryonic yepulazi izinyoni izinkukhu isibonelo. Okulandelayo, thatha bheka eduze esiteji amadala wezinyoni.

Uhlolojikelele

Ucwaningo okusekelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela phasic ukuthuthukiswa T. D. Lysenko. isikhundla zalo eziyisisekelo ofunda nezikhathi, kanye izigaba ekuthuthukiseni inkukhu zihlukile. Lokhu kubonakala kwasekuqaleni kudingeka ushintsho umbungu inqubo yokukhula emvelweni. iziphi izici zangaphandle kubhekwa izimo incubator ezizungezile iqanda. Uma lokhu wahlolwa hhayi kuphela nje-ke kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa inkukhu, kodwa futhi izici ezithile eziqondile ukuze omunye nongqi isigaba. Egg embungwini libhekwa lilonke mayelana imvelo. Lezi zifundo yayiqhutshelwa, ikhumbula imodi yokusebenza incubator. Kule umbono kubhekwe izinguquko morphophysiological intuthuko okwenzeka iqanda phakathi kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni.

Ushintsho E-izimfuneko zezemvelo

Ukutadisha umbuzo esingakanani ukuthuthukiswa inkukhu, kubalulekile ukugxila izinga soshintsho umbungu izidingo izimo ezungezile. Kuyinto ngenxa yokuthi esikhathini esifushane kakhulu bayashintshana ekufukameleni inombolo enkulu lamaseli kwakhiwa iphuphu ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva prokleva igobolondo uyakwazi khona ezimele egcwele. Ngalesi sikhathi imithombo umoya-mpilo nokudla baguqulelwa izikhathi eziningana. Izinguquko kuthinte uhlobo umzimba, ukudla kanye nenqubo emishinini yokuphefumula, nezinye izinguquko nethonya eliqondile ku ukukhula nokuthuthuka izinkukhu. Kwatholakala ukuthi umbungu ezinezithelo ezikhulayo kudingeka izimo, obuhlukahlukene nobudala bakhe. Uma esikhathini esithile ukuthuthukiswa izimo ezidingekayo zinganeliswa ke abanye iqembu zemibungu afe. Kulokhu, abasindile bayoqhubeka bekhula non-ukuhambisana nemithetho izinkomba.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni

Ngakho, isikhathi esingakanani owenza ukuthuthukiswa inkukhu? Izinkathi embryonic nokuvuthwa kubhekwe zinkathi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho inzalo kudinga izimo ezahlukene, ihlukile kuleyo odlule. Zonke lezi nezikhathi 6: imizuzu 1-2, imizuzu 3-5, imizuzu 6-10, imizuzu 11-15, imizuzu 16-19, usuku 20-21-th of bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Kamuva, isigaba sokuqala kushintshiwe futhi lahlukaniswa. Ngakho, kukhona ohlukaniswa kokuqala - amahora 12-16, kanti eyesibili - amahora 32-36. Isikhathi sokuqala ungachazwa ukuthi ngesikhathi ke okuqukethwe zegciwane kuma izimo ezifana nalezo lapho ukukhula esibelethweni. Ukuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo izinkukhu unikezwa izimo ezidingekayo. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, athwale izingodo aye nazo lokushisa kuze kufinyelele 41 °, umswakama high ne-carbon dioxide okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe imvelo.

Impendulo lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni

Ocwaningweni umbuzo, esingakanani ukuthuthukiswa inkukhu, kubalulekile ukuba banake ezicini eziningana ukuthi sinomthelela yonke inqubo sisonke kanye izigaba ngazinye ngokukhethekile. Ngakho, izinga lokushisa unomthelela abalulekile. Inani begazi Iqanda anda uma iwashi kokuqala ukufuthelana amakhaza, kwathi ngakusasa - pholisa. Ngenxa yalokho, okukhipha izinkukhu kwandisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu zangaphandle, izici yangaphakathi nethonya eliqondile on ukuthuthukisa elikhiqizayo nokukhula. Ngakho, ngemva hatching amaqanda izinkukhu ngokwabo awunawo amandla wokulawula izinga lokushisa komzimba. Uma ukukhulisa Kwenziwa isikhukhukazi Nzalo, egumbini kufanele sekuqala ukufudumala kuze kufinyelele 20-22 degrees.

Ngesonto lokuqala zokuphila

Uma amaphuphu bayatfutfuka isikhukhukazi ke khulula ebanga endaweni zikhishwa eneminyaka engu-amasonto angaphezu kwamabili. Kulesi simo lokushisa kuma akumelwe ibe ngaphansi kuka-degree 18. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, siyinzalo etshalwa ngaphandle isikhukhukazi sishiya amachwane aso, ekhishwe engu-amasonto 4.

ukudla

Ngemva ukuchamisela, izilwane ezisencane lilondolozwe isikhuphasha sac reserve ezithile izakhi. Chuck isebenzisa lize ifunda Peck ukudla kwazo. Ngu ngesonto zokuphila inzalo yesibili ngenjabulo isebenzisa i-cottage shizi, amakhambi oqoshiwe (fresh). Okuphakelayo unikezwa izikhathi eziningana ngosuku in izingxenye ezincane. Nge amasonto amabili ubudala isetshenziswa njengoba inhlanganisela feed zebhali, oat, ukolo nofulawa wombila (ezingxenyeni alinganayo). Kusukela ngenyanga izinkukhu likhiqize okusanhlamvu, ukudla.

broiler

izinkukhu Ngokuzalanisa ezweni engadini kungaba kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nazo unyaka wonke. Kulokhu, umnikazi kalula uthole fresh inyama yokudla. Kufanele ikhumbule ezinye izici izinyoni unyaka wonke kulinywe. Koze enza ukuthuthukiswa isihloko inkukhu ubuchwepheshe? Kufanele ukuthi ebukhoneni izimo eyanelisayo nokunakekela okuhle eneminyaka engu kwezinsuku 49 ezisencane ifinyelela isisindo 1.5 kg, futhi ngosuku 56-60-th - 2 kg. Abaningi sebeqala yenkukhu abalimi ukhathazekile umbuzo esingakanani ukuthuthukiswa inkukhu ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthela. Lapha-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga walonyaka incike izinyoni zohlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abantu baqale ukuba athwalwa 17 ngesonto th. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, okwenzekayo kubonisa ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso le izikhukhukazi amaqanda ne 22 th ngesonto zokuphila.