Izifo iris. Irises: Ukunakekela endle

Lezi zimbali ezinhle like irises, wayemthanda futhi bahlakulela kabanzi abatshali kanye balimi zokuzamazama ezahlukene zemvelo kanye zezulu kule planethi yethu. Zezitshalo bazivumelanisa ezihlukahlukene ebekwe, futhi isekelwe kulezi abalimi baye wadala ezihlukahlukene okumnandi. Imihlobo ehlukeneko izimbali, ikakhulukazi ukunakekelwa kanye zizalela, kanye kulokho nezilokazane nezifo irises atholakala, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngako.

Ubani wamnika igama?

Isazi sefilosofi esidumile lasendulo isiGreki udokotela uHippocrates echazwe imbali kwehlukahlukana imibala yayo kuhlonishwa unkulunkulukazi u-Iris. It wayengadlali, njengomqulu rainbow, okuyinto uxhuma wezulu nomhlaba, etshumayela entandweni yabantu wonkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngolimi "iris" lasendulo ngesiGreki kwakusho, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uthingo, bese igama imbali. Esikhathini semvelo XVIII leminyaka uKarl Linney, ukudala uhlelo eyodwa ngezigaba kanye amagama izitshalo, iris agcinwayo igama layo lasendulo. Ngaphambi sikhuluma ngalokho kungathinta izifo iris kanye izinambuzane, xoxa kafushane izici walesi simila.

incazelo Botanical

Lezi zimbali like Iris, kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi i-balimi Pivnik noma iris, singumkhaya iris. Njengomthetho kuyinto rhizomatous zisetshenziswa, kodwa kukhona izitshalo klubnelukovichnye. Ngo iqembu lethu laziwe kakhudlwana yizona ezimelela ezivamile iris rhizomatous, ngempela linesizotha zinakekelwe futhi kancane amanzi esiningi. Iris engadini yakha esigaxeni obukhulu ukuthi ihlala ezijulile ngaphansi komhlaba futhi ngokuvamile ezinkulu kuwo, inala izimpande emihle asamicwana. amahlamvu Flat yaleli mbali kukhona aminyene futhi kuqhathaniswa elukhuni, embozwe isimo olumhlophe yokuqhuma waxy xiphoides. Izinhlobo eziningi irises zikhula ngendlela imishayo emise okwe-fan. Izimbali irises, betshala nokunakekela esiqhutshwa ngokuhambisana izici of izitshalo, ukuchichima kusukela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya maphakathi no-June.

Izici izimbali

Zonke izinhlobo iris izimbali ahlelwe kwi peduncle okuqinile futhi eqinile. Ezimweni eziningi, izimbali olulodwa, kodwa atholakala inflorescences encane. Umbala kungaba zahlukahlukene kakhulu - kusuka elimhlophe okumsulwa ukuze cishe abamnyama. Namuhla, kukhona izinhlobonhlobo, izimbali zazo zipendwe ngemibala emibili noma ngaphezulu. Ehlanganisa i-iris flower eyisithupha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezintathu amacembe, inani kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle yayo ayifani isesimweni, usayizi nombala. Ngemva izimbali, lesi sitshalo ithela izithelo - ribbed esingunxantathu ibhokisi side lapho kunamacala angu-20 imbewu ezinkulu sinombala.

Iziphi izinhlobo?

abalimi Foreign futhi abatshali ahlukaniswe iris zonke izitshalo ezitshalwe, ku amaqembu ayinhloko 13, nakuba abanye bekholelwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-17. Ezweni lethu kuyisiko sokuhlukaniswa iziqephu amafomu engadini iris (iris) ku amaqembu elandelayo esemqoka 10:

• darnel;
• eSiberia;
• Japanese;
• remontant;
• arilbredy futhi aryl;
• Spur;
• Louisiana;
• Evans;
• Izitshalo ogwini Pacific;
• kancane eyaziwa.

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuyadingeka ngempela, kodwa impilo ejwayelekile wenza division elula kakhudlwana futhi ecacile irises rhizomatous ngamaqembu amabili: the darnel ne neborodatye. luvame kakhulu ezindaweni izingadi makhulu, enhle zaveza futhi abameleli irises darnel. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi okubizwa ngokuthi German ubude irises darnel.

Ngokungafani irises darnel, phezu amacembe engezansi okuyinto "ngesilevu" zabantu abenza villi anemibala, neborodatye ukuhloba okunjalo akuzona. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo irises:

- laseSiberia (I. sibirica);

- Ixhaphozi (I. pseudacorus), esibizwa nangokuthi lozhnoairovym;

- isi-Japanese (I. japonica);

- Louisiana (I. Louisiana);

- Spur (I. spuria);

- California (I.-California).

Sizozama elichaza kafushane ngasinye salezi zinhlobo.

iris barbata

Iris Kunesilevu ithandwa kakhulu kulo lonke iqembu iris. Kuze kube manje, kukhona mayelana 35,000 izinhlobo zawo, futhi eziningana minyaka yonke entsha. Igama le mbali kwakubangelwa villi obucayi esisogwini amacembe engezansi. izinhlobonhlobo eziningi imidwebo "barb" ngokungafani umbala eyinhloko imbali, eyakhiwa amacembe eziyisithupha. Ukuphakama iris darnel is zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

1. High - ezingaphezu kuka 0.7 amamitha;
2. ukuphakama esijwayelekile - kusuka 0.4 kuya 0.7 m;
3. Okuphansi, obude ingeqi 40 cm.

Umbala izimbali kokubili okuyisidina futhi kuhlanganiswe. Iqembu irises darnel futhi Iris Germanica.

iris eSiberia

Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziqinile ezakha undemanding ngokuya kwezinhlobo iris laseSiberia, izinhlobonhlobo etholakala kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo, ayanda ukufunwa ukushisa nokukhanya. Izitshalo yaleli qembu zingakhula 1 imitha ukuphakama. Amaqabunga iyincane ngaphandle darnel, futhi ube umbala elula. Varietal abameleli ukuza ngemibala ehlukene kanye yokuqhuma e kwentwasahlobo. Ungakhetha ekwehleleni ukuze izimbali uzoqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-July. Tifo letibangwa irises otshaliwe, futhi akesabi ephezulu, futhi inkathazo KWAMAGUNDANE kungokuhluke ezingavamile.

Lozhnoairovy (bog) iris

Yembula yayo ophuzi okusagolide, nge brown elincane 'othinta', izimbali ngasekupheleni May - ekuqaleni kuka June. Lolu hlobo irises ekhula kahle engajulile, kuze kufinyelele 40 cm, amadamu, futhi kwemingcele yabo. Sikhula kahle ilanga noma umthunzi ngokwengxenye.

Esikhathini indawo phakathi zalezi zinhlobo irises, efana California, Louisiana, isiJapane Spur ezingajwayelekile, njengoba ingashintshwa ukuze izimo zethu izinhlobo kancane, zinjalo, esenziwa rarity yayo, akuyona ezishibhile.

Izimbali irises: zokutshala nokunakekela

Ukuthenga irises, kubalulekile ukuba ucacise ukuthi uhlobo uthenge, ngoba kuthinta kukhethwa indawo zokutshala. izinhlobo eziningi zanamuhla kokubili irises darnel ne neborodatyh uthanda libalele, efudumele, uvikelekile ezintweni umoya. Nokho, izilwane ezifana marsh, bushelelezi futhi bristly kukhona isitshalo umswakama-onothando. irises Smooth futhi i-marsh nezinhlobonhlobo lakhula isisekelo yabo, kunconywa ezweni amachibi engajulile yokufakelwa kanye bristly - ku osogwini olusenyakatho izindwali noma emathafeni ezimanzi.

Ezinye izinhlobo irises abatshalwé zone phakathi entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, futhi inkathi evumayo kakhulu kuba ekupheleni kwehlobo - emasontweni okuqala ekwindla. Ngaphambi ukutshala rhizomes lezi zimbali, inhlabathi kufanele amba kumuntu ka 20 ukujula - 30 cm, kanye ukwenza phosphorous-umanyolo kanye nitrogen Umanyolo futhi humus. Ngemva kokuba irises ngatshala, kokushiya kule ekhanyayo ngale kwayo akukho ukuthambisa avamile futhi ukuvundiswa, nokususa ukhula njengoba kudingeka.

Isihlalo, lezi zitshalo kufanele kube njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, njengoba izingxenyana esigaxeni uyaphela sakhipha kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu supply endaweni esincishisiwe, futhi angabe esaba eziqhakaza. Iphinde kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-irises isifo.

Indlela wande?

Lezi Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi zingandiswa kokubili by imbewu vegetatively. Imbewu indlela asetshenziswa emsebenzini zizalela futhi wathola ngendlela efanayo izitshalo eziqhakaza iminyaka 2-3.

Indlela elula futhi ethengekayo ukuze zizalela irises - vegetative, lapho isiphunzi umama isitshalo ihlukaniswe futhi iziza kamuva etholwe zitshalwa enhlabathini. Repot futhi labe engcono zisetshenziswa emva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu emva zom. Watshala iziza kwamanzi futhi kancane bayichezukisa - ukuze ichopho namahlumela kuyo le mpande kuyinto ngaphezu komhlabathi. Too zokutshala ejulile avuse ukuthuthukiswa isifo iris izimbali futhi kuze kubangele ukufa kwabo. Etholwe ngale ndlela izitshalo eziqhakaza onyakeni wokuqala emva kokutshala.

Izimpawu izifo nokulawula kwabo

Izitshalo eziningi kuleli qembu sasivumela amelana isifo, kodwa kwezimo ezingezinhle sezulu kanye ukulimala ahlukahlukene Rhizome irises elandelayo izifo kungenzeka:

1. Geterosporioz (septoria indawo), esizibonakalisa ngendlela izindawo yellow ezahlukene obujwayelekile, ngezikhathi okuye kwasakazwa eminyakeni bonke ubuso lamina. Nge ukuqhubeka izindawo isifo nsundu futhi ihlangana zibe munye. Lesi sitshalo sibonakala sibuthaka, yokuqhuma kabi kanti amacembe zome. Geterosporioz eba nge ukuntula in calcium inhlabathi ne phosphorus. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kungadala eside nemvula kanye nomswakama yayo elikulesi sihloko okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kusukela isifo iris izimbali kusaqalwa kusiza sprayings 0.4% ingxube nesibabule colloidal , noma 0.3% zethusi oxychloride.
2. Bacteriosis (bola ezimanzi) - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, njengoba uthuthukisa ngokushesha impela. I "izimpawu" lokuqala sifo yellowing kanye omiswe amahlamvu. Khona-ke, ngokusekelwe "fan", bese kuthinteka esigaxeni bola nge iphunga ezingemnandi isici. Imbangela yale bacteriosis kungenzeka kokwehla ayilungile - Ukungena ngokweqile noma endaweni emnyama kakhulu futhi Waterlogging. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala kokunqotshwa lesi sifo futhi isidingo bambe up isitshalo ukususa ingxenye ethintekile namahlumela kuyo le mpande. Inqubo indawo "imisebenzi" potassium permanganate, bese yimuphi ivuselela ukukhula. Ngemva kwalokhu esigaxeni is kahle omisiwe, bese ukwehla ngokuhlukile lonke izitshalo enhlabathini owomile, ukuqikelela ukuthi lokumbela.
3. Ukuswaba. Kulesi isifo, iris iyaqhubeka ikhula futhi ngisho eziqhakaza, kodwa amaqabunga phuzi ekuqaleni, bese nsundu. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo, ngaphambi kokutshala esigaxeni zokukhipha igciwane fundazol e 0.2% isixazululo isigamu sehora. Uma thina hit esiqhakaza izimbali ingaphansi kwamanzi okufanayo ikhambi isiphunzi fundazol.
4. Leaf zokubona kungenzeka komyanga izimo zezulu. Eyokuqala izimpawu - izindawo umbala ezahlukene futhi ubukhulu amahlamvu. Lapho iqaphela kubo ngokushesha fafaza isitshalo onesifo kuyinto 0.3% isixazululo zethusi oxychloride noma 1% Bordeaux Ukwakheka uketshezi.

izimbali izinambuzane

Kungathinta izifo iris kanye izinambuzane. Phakathi izinambuzane yilezi:

• Ikhilikithi, ujabule rhizomes gnawing. Ukubhekana naso, ungasebenzisa lolo elimbudumbudu ekhethekile, engcwaba nabo phansi emhlabeni irises zokutshala.
• Kasatikovaya (ebusika) Ketha. Amacimbi yaleli okuphakelayo omiyane rhizomes kanye nabantu abadala badla phansi neziqu. kuba khona okuhlaselayo okunjalo kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa bacteriosis irises. Esikhathini sokukhula asebenzayo imibala kudingekile ukuze fafaza nabo akhiphe umhlonyane: 10 amalitha abilayo ingilazi yamanzi ahlele izinkuni umlotha, isipuni insipho liquid ngamunye kanye 300 g yamakhambi. Isitsha nge isixazululo ikhava bese ushiye sokunika amahora 5-6. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho esetshenziselwa ukufafaza. Ungasebenzisa futhi ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo yemvelo zidayiswa okukhethekile ezitolo.
• Iris flower girl, kepha efaniswe impukane abavamile kakhulu, bahlale khona ubusika emhlabathini, kodwa entwasahlobo ke inyonyoba futhi lizalela amaqanda alo efihlekile. Ngakho kuthinta irises. Tifo letibangwa efihlekile futhi ukufa kwawo kubangelwa ngaphakathi izibungu ngenkuthalo ziklabile. Ehlaselwa ihlumela bola, futhi-ke, it is hhayi siphela. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba qiniseka ukuba aphathe bonke abantu izitshalo nge ukubonakala amaqabunga, kanye kusaqalwa luthela zinambuzane ekhethekile. Athintekayo efihlekile kufanele ngokushesha ngiwunqamule nokubhubhisa.

Ngaphezu kwalezi izinambuzane, irises kungenzeka slugs abathintekayo, Meyi ibhungane, wireworms, nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene thrips kanye nematodes.