Izidakamizwa Elwa Namagciwane: i Uhlolojikelele, isicelo kanye impendulo. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu ejenti elwa namagciwane

Imithi yokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene. Futhi ukuyivimba leyo nkinga. Imithi okulungiselelwe ngezinto zemifino eluhlaza, amaminerali, amakhemikhali, nokunye. D. Mixtura, izimpushana, amaphilisi, amaphilisi zinikwa umthamo ngokuqinile echaziwe. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane.

Yiziphi-antimicrobial?

Umlando antimicrobial iqala kokutholakala-penicillin. Yena ngempumelelo elwisana amagciwane. Kulesi sisekelo, ososayensi baqala ukukhiqiza ama-antimicrobial kusukela compounds zemvelo noma zokwenziwa. izidakamizwa ezinjalo zihlanganisa ku "imithi elwa namagciwane" iqembu. I-ejenti elwa namagciwane, ngokungafani abanye, obulala izilokazane ezincane more masinya. Ukusebenzisa kwabo ngokumelene isikhunta ahlukahlukene, staphylococci futhi t. D.

Ama-antimicrobial - iqembu elikhulu izidakamizwa. Naphezu ezahlukene amakhemikhali isakhiwo kanye mshini wezenzo, abelana eziningi izakhiwo ezithile. Kill "izinambuzane" kumaseli, hhayi ezicutshini. Umsebenzi kwamaphilisi incipha nge sikhathi, ngoba amagciwane anjenge uqala ukwakha umlutha.

Izinhlobo ejenti elwa namagciwane

izidakamizwa Elwa Namagciwane zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu. Okokuqala - lokhu yemvelo (d amakhambi, uju, njll ...).

Okwesibili - semisynthetic. Bona zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:

• penicillins Antistaphylococcal (oxacillin). Sinenkosi bohlu efanayo elwa namagciwane-penicillin, kodwa umsebenzi wokuba omncane. Sebenzisa abadala kanye nezingane.
• izidakamizwa Okubanzi bohlu. Lezi zihlanganisa "Ampicillin" ayisukumele amagciwane Gram-negative (salmonella, njll D.). Ukuze streptococcal nguye kancane esebenzayo. Kasibili akunamthelela ezinye amagciwane (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , nokunye. D.). "Amoxicillin" kusebenza futhi uhlobo lwesibili. Kuyinto ehola ama-antibiotic ngomlomo emhlabeni. Zombili [izidakamizwa kungenziwa zaphathwa abadala kanye nezingane.
• penicillins Pseudomonas. Kukhona zenyathi ezimbili - carboxy futhi ureidopenitsilliny.

Okwesithathu - zokwenziwa antimicrobial. Lona iqembu elikhulu izidakamizwa.

Sulfonamides. Imithi yaleli qembu amiswa, uma kukhona ukungabekezelelani nemithi noma microflora kubo akasabeli. Ngo senzo zingabantu asebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka sulfonamides izidakamizwa. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• "Streptocide".
• "Norsulfazol".
• "Sulfadimezin".
• "Urosulfan".
• "Ftalazol".
• "Sulfadimetoksin".
• "Bactrim".

Quinolone nemikhiqizo. Empeleni, leli qembu izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa izifo kohlelo genitourinary, enterocolitis, cholecystitis, njll, eminyakeni yamuva nje futhi ngokuvamile sebenzisa quinolone nemikhiqizo emisha ..:

• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Norfloxacin".
• "Pefloksatsina".
• "Lomefloxacin".
• "Moxifloxacin".
• "Ofloxacin".

Kuyinto kakhulu ejenti elwa namagciwane kokuba spectrum ebanzi senzo. Mancane asebenzayo ngokumelene amagciwane igramu-HIV. I-ejenti elwa namagciwane engabelwe izifo kwemigudu yokuphefumula kanye pheshana urinary nezifo, gastro-emathunjini ipheshana.

Kukhona iqembu lesithathu amagama ahlobene of 8-hydroxyquinoline. Lezi zihlanganisa eziningi ezibangela ezithinta antifungal, anti-yisinanakazana anti-webhaktheriya umsebenzi ( "Nitroxoline", "Meksaform", njll). Izisetshenziswa zemali "nitrofurans" ( "furazolidone" futhi "Furatsilinom") futhi "nitroimidazole" ( "Tinidazole" futhi "metronidazole").

kanjani ama-antimicrobial?

Antiinfectives has izinhlobo ezimbili (ku Effects):

• "Tsidny" (esibangelwe igciwane, nesikhunta, noma protozia- viri-). Kulokhu ukubhujiswa agent ezithathelwanayo.
• "Static" (nge sicalo efanayo). Kulokhu, kuphela okwesikhashana noma avalwe lwegciwane ukubuyabuyelela.

Uma ukwephula bangangenwa yilesi sifo esimisiwe 'tsidnye "izidakamizwa. Futhi imithi elwa namagciwane kufanele zishintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukusebenzisa nezinye izidakamizwa.

Ama-antimicrobial ungase ube emincane noma anhlobonhlobo izenzo. izifo eziningi zibangelwa lwegciwane olulodwa. Kulesi simo "ububanzi" zomuthi ngeke nje kancane ngempumelelo, kodwa futhi ziyingozi microflora ezuzisayo umzimba. Ngakho-ke, odokotela antibiotic ukuze "emincane" nomkhakha we isinyathelo.

antimicrobial

ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala futhi anti-microbial zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu. Main - kuyinto antibiotic. Basuke ihlukaniswe 11 izinhlobo eziyinhloko:

• Beta-lactam. Kunamaqembu ezintathu: A (penicillins) no-B (cephalosporins) no-B (carbapenems). Lokhu ezibanzi-spectrum izidakamizwa kanye nomphumela bacteriostatic. Ukuvimba amaprotheni nezilwanyana ezincanyana, buthaka ukuvikelwa kwabo.
• Tetracyclines. Bacteriostatic, isenzo main - okusithiyayo of microbial amaprotheni zamagama. Kungenzeka ngesimo amaphilisi yokugcoba ( "oletetrin", "tetracycline hydrochloride") noma amaphilisi ( "Doxycycline").
• Macrolides. Esephula ubuqotho ulwelwesi ngokuxhumana amafutha.
• Aminoglycosides. Yiba isinyathelo amagciwane ayephuli amaprotheni zamagama.
• Fluoroquinolones. Have umphumela amagciwane, zivimbela enzyme virus. Ukuphazamisa DNA zamagama amagciwane.
• Lincosamides. Bacteriostats ngokuxhumanisa izingxenye microbial ulwelwesi.
• "Chloramphenicol". Kungenjalo - "Chloramphenicol". It has a ubuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu kuze kuyofika emnkantsheni ithambo negazi. Ngakho-ke advantageously isicelo ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwezihloko (njengoba amafutha).
• "Polymyxin" (M B). Act ngokukhetha e flora igremu-HIV.
• TB. Ikakhulu eziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa mycobacteria, kodwa eziphumelelayo ukuze spectrum ebanzi. Kodwa le mithi sofuba kuphela iphathwa ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi kusadingeka ( "rifampicin", "i-INH").
• Sulfonamides. Sinenkosi eminingi engemihle, ngakho wasebenzisa namuhla.
• Nitrofurans. Bacteriostats, kodwa ngesikhathi emakamu eliphezulu - bactericides. Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko izifo: emathunjini ( "furazolidone" "nifuroxazide" "Enterofuril") futhi ngomgudu womchamo ( "FURAMAG" "furadonin").

Iqembu lesibili - bacteriophages. Basuke ababelwe kuzo njengoba izixazululo baqonde izinto ezenzekayo noma ngomlomo (uhlambulule, ukuwasha, lotions). Ukusetshenziswa ejenti elwa namagciwane esetshenziswa kuleli qembu futhi ezimweni dysbacteriosis noma ukusabela iguliswa emithini elwa.

Iqembu lesithathu - isinqandakuvunda. Basuke esetshenziselwa magciwane (ukwelashwa ukulimaza, umlomo kanye isikhumba).

Kuhle elwa namagciwane

"Sulfamethoxazole" - nansi best elwa namagciwane ejenti. It has a spectrum ebanzi senzo. "Sulfamethoxazole" iyasebenza ngokumelene nezilwanyana ezincane eziningi. It amabhlogo umzimba amagciwane iphinde ivimbele ukwanda kwabo nokukhula. "Sulfamethoxazole" - inhlanganisela antimicrobial. Kuhloswe for ekwelapheni:

• izifo urinary (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, pielita, pyelonephritis, isipatsholo nezinye izifo);
• Ukucinana kwemigudu yomoya emaphashini oyingozi futhi ezingalapheki;
• ipheshana zokuphefumula;
• ukutheleleka emathunjini (uhudo, ikholera, imfiva neparatyphoid ebangelwa, shigellosis, i-typhoid fever, cholecystitis, Gastroenteritis, cholangitis);
• ENT-izitho;
• i-pneumonia,
• induna;
• ubhekene;
• yamathumba,
• izilonda;
• elithambile izicubu abscesses;
• abezindaba otitis;
• laryngitis;
• meningitis;
• umalaleveva,
• brucellosis;
• sinusitis;
• ubuchopho ithumba;
• osteomyelitis;
• septicemia;
• toxoplasmosis;
• blastomycosis South American;
• futhi eziningi nezinye izifo.

Ukusetshenziswa "SMZ" ebanzi, kodwa kudingeka uye kudokotela uyofuna icebiso, njengayo yonke imithi, it has eziningi contraindications engemihle. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha lokuhlushwa yayo plasma yegazi.

izingane antimicrobial

imithi Elwa Namagciwane izingane ikhethwa ngokukhulu ukucophelela, ngokuvumelana isifo. Akubona bonke izidakamizwa uvunyelwe ekwelapheni izingane.

Iqembu ejenti elwa namagciwane aqukethe ezimbili izinhlobo izidakamizwa:

• Nitrofuranovye ( "furazolidone", "Furatsilinom", "furadonin"). Basuke zivimbela amagciwane (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus nokunye okunjalo. D.) kahle Futhi oyenza izivikeli mzimba. Asetshenziselwa ukwelapha pheshana urinary izifo kanye emathunjini. Okulungele izingane abanomzimba ongezwani nezinto ezithile. Kanyekanye ukuyeka izidakamizwa nezinye ascorbic esimisiwe acid.
• Hydroxyquinoline ( "intestopan", "Negro", "enteroseptol", "Nitroxoline"). Le mithi ukubulala amagciwane by ezivimbela imisebenzi yabo ebalulekile (Amagciwane nesifo, uhudo, i-typhoid fever nokunye. D.). Isetshenziselwa izifo emathunjini. "Nitroxoline" - ne pheshana urinary nezifo.

Isetshenziselwa futhi eziningi nezinye izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala. Kodwa abalithandayo incike ukugula kwengane. Iningi evame ukusetshenziswa penicillin akuzange kusize iqembu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-umphimbo obuhlungu nezinye izifo zibangelwa streptococcus "A" lisetshenzisiwe nangokuqondene penicillins «G» ne «V».

izidakamizwa yemvelo ebekiwe ugcunsula, isifo meningococcal, Listeriosis, ukutheleleka ezisanda kubelethwa (okuthiwa streptococcus "B"). Kunoma ikuphi, impatho inikezwa ngamunye, ikhumbula tolerability.

Izingane izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala

Ngo Pediatrics ukwaba 3 amaqembu eyinhloko izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala :

• Umkhuhlane ( "oxoline", "Alguire"). "Rimantadine" aluphumeleli igciwane emangqamuzaneni. Kodwa lowo isivele emzimbeni, ngeke usithonye. Ngakho-ke, lo muthi kufanele kuthathwe ekuseni nalesi sifo. Futhi sisetshenziswa nokuvinjelwa encephalitis (ngemva kokulunywa umkhaza).
• Antiherpethetical ( "Zovirax", "Acyclovir").
• Okubanzi-spectrum ( "i-gamma globulin"). Dibazol kuvusa izivikeli mzimba, kodwa kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa nokuvimbela Umkhuhlane. "Interferon" - nemiyo endogenous olukhiqizwa umzimba. Owenza usebenze amaprotheni namagciwane. Ngenxa yalokho, it kwandisa ukumelana lomzimba amagciwane. "Interferon" ukuvimbela izifo eziningi ezithathelwanayo kanye nezinkinga zabo.

Elwa Namagciwane futhi eqeda ukuvuvukala izindlela zemvelo

Tablets, izixazululo, izimpushana engavamile ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha. Uma kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ejenti elwa namagciwane, onikeza ubunjalo, ngezinye izikhathi ke awufiki nhlobo ngaphambi enquma. Futhi amakhambi amaningi, infusions kanye Iziphungo Ungasusa izinqubo ukuvuvukala. Uhlu:

• amalungiselelo esekelwe amnandi, rosemary, Alder, uphayini efihlekile;
• ezikhishwe aqueous oki namagxolo;
• Infusions of oregano;
• wort iSt John sika;
• Nehisopi officinalis ;
• Burnet;
• mountaineer inyoka;
• zokhuni izithelo;
• Thyme;
• nesweli;
• esikweyoku eshiya.

Ngingaba self-medicate usebenzisa ama-antimicrobial?

Ngaphandle somuthi nokusetshenziswa kwawo sikadokotela ukusebenzisa ama-antimicrobial vala zokuzelapha. ekukhetheni okubi imithi kungaholela komzimba noma ukwanda labantu nanezilokazane ingazikhathaleli izidakamizwa. Kungase kube goiter. amagciwane Ukuphumelela angakhiqiza lesi sifo singalapheki, futhi umphumela - ukubukeka izifo mzimba.