Izethenjwa umlando izincwadi. Umlando Imibhalo Yomhlaba

Ukuze ufunde ukuqonda Amathrendi eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa yimuphi umkhakha kwamasiko, kufanele ufunde okuningi amaphepha. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlu izincwadi. izincwadi eziningi zilotshwé ngomlando izincwadi. Ezinye zidalwe professional abahlaziyi bemibhalo. Abanye ingashintshwa kunemifuziselo yako ngokuba ezahlukene abafundi. Oluthandwayo kumele inikezwe lokuqala.

Cover ungqimba abalulekile isiko ingenye ukuthi ngisho besiyoba sikhulu kakhulu, asikwazi. Ngakho-ke, senza uhlu izincwadi umlando izincwadi, kubalulekile ukulandela periodization.

izincwadi zasendulo

Kungani udinga ukufunda imisebenzi abalobi abaye baphila amakhulu amaningi eminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili edlule? Ukuze overestimate benethonya elikhulu of izincwadi zasendulo ku temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba owayephila kanye izinkondlo akunakwenzeka. Omkhulu Pushkin wake wathi: "Bonke sifika aphume Homeric ethempelini." Classic kwakusho imisebenzi imbongi yamandulo eyakubiza ngesiGreki, sekuyisikhathi eside ababefunda abantu ucishe abafundile. Ososayensi abaningi baye ukufunda ngisho Homer yokuqala.

Ngemva kokufa kuka-Pushkin iminyaka emingaki, kuningi okushintshile. ukuguqulwa Obalulekile wathinta nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe. Nokho Motifs basezinganekwaneni netingcikitsi kwemisebenzi abalobi isiGreki sasendulo saseRoma emasimini ezihlukahlukene namasiko akhona namuhla. Ngakho-ke umuntu ofuna ukwaziwa njengenhlangano abafundile, kufanele wazi okungenani amagama abameleli eyinhloko isiko lasendulo. Oh nalabo abafisa ukufunda ukujula le timu, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlu izincwadi. Ngokusho umlando izincwadi Antiquity wadala izinto ikakhulu zokufundisa Philologists esizayo. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo:

• -IM Tronsky "Umlando izincwadi zasendulo."
• I. F, "Umlando drama lasendulo." Ann
• BA Gilenson "Umlando izincwadi zasendulo."
• AF Losev "Umlando sobuhle bayo basendulo."
• ML Gasparov "Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi eziningi zasendulo European."

Yiqiniso, ukufunda yonke le misebenzi kufanele kube yilabo kuphela uhlela yingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe ukufeza endaweni ethile kude impucuko futhi ukuzwana nabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Department of kolimi Classical ka omunye iyunivesithi emphakathini. Zonke izincwadi ayikwazi ukufunda. Ungasebenzisa kuphela ukukhetha yibo kudingeka empeleni. Ngakho-ke, senza uhlu izincwadi umlando izincwadi, futhi ekuhlephula ngokuvumelana periodization, kwanele ukufunda omunye umsebenzi kusukela esigabeni ngasinye.

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi sidilizwa Russian

Phakathi XI-XVII isiko eRussia lezwakala ekhethekile. Kulezi eminyaka athuthukile uhlobo olukhethekile ezincwadini. analogue wabo isiko emhlabeni lapho. Lokhu indaba, futhi indaba lempi, nokuphila. Omkhulu lesikhumbuzo kwamasiko kwalesi sikhathi iyona "Lay." Lapho umuntu efunda la imisebenzi kunzima ngempela ukuqonda umuntu okhona. Kodwa ukuze simazi ne izici eziyisisekelo lezi zincwadi, ungafunda "The History of izincwadi Old Russian." Umbhali - N. K. Gudzy.

izincwadi zangenkathi ephakathi

izincwadi Development kuhlobene ne izenzakalo zomlando kanye izici sici nokuphila social esikhathini esinikeziwe. Ephakathi - sekuyisikhathi amnyama futhi lifiphele. Kunoma ikuphi, ukumelwa okunjalo ngaye indoda yesimanje. Kodwa ngisho kule nkathi wadala imisebenzi ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla. Bangafundza ngemihambo incwadi V M. Zhirmunskogo "Umlando Zangaphandle Wezincwadi. Ephakathi futhi Renaissance. " Kulesi okokufundisa, okuyinto kubonakala isihloko, sikhuluma esigabeni esilandelayo ukuthuthukiswa isiko.

Renaissance

Phakathi nale nkathi, izincwadi kwakuyindlu ukuthuthukiswa ekhethekile. Isici esiyinhloko abalobi le nkathi umbono zobuntu, okuyinto eyaba siyinhloko isiko European bebonke. Nokho, ezweni ngalinye, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi qamba dalo zabo ngaphansi kwethonya izici kazwelonke. Ngalokho possessed izici isici usebenza yalezi abalobi, kungenzeka ukufunda okufunda ezincwadini Soviet umhlaziyi etemibhalo B. Futhi Purisheva. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuthi "Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi Foreign. Renaissance. "

classicism

Leli gama waqonda isitayela kwezobuciko futhi isiqondiso yobuhle e isiko. imisebenzi Classic kwezincwadi - Ngokuyinhloko play, idrama kanye ODE. Abamele le umkhuba steel Russian Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Fonvizin. Noma ubani othola ukuthi kudingekile ukuba baqonde ukuhlakanipha ekudaleni imisebenzi kulezi izinhlobo, iwukutadisha umsebenzi ukugxekwa Russian L. V Pumpyanskogo "Nakuyo classicism Russian komlando."

Umlando kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu XIX

Vele othile wekhulu kwakukhona ukwanda ngendlela engakaze ibonwe isiko Russia. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokukhethekile izincwadi. Kuleli khulu leminyaka idume emthaleni okhazimulayo izimbongi futhi abalobi. Phakathi kwabo, Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, nabanye abaningi. Yiqiniso, namabhuku enikelwe le nkathi, okuningi. Ethandwa kakhulu - "Umlando kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu XIX" V I. Korovina. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa kuyi imiqulu emithathu, ngamunye azinikele a Amathrendi ethize kanye amaphethini ukuthuthukiswa wezinkondlo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ngesiRashiya.

Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi kwekhulu XX

Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, izwe eseliye labhekana nalo izenzakalo eziningi kangaka juqu ukuthi lokhu kube nomthelela isiko. kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile izincwadi atholwe kwekhulu lama-20. ERussia, le nkathi zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezincane eziningana, ngayinye okuhlanganisa eziningana ababhali abanekhono. Uma sikhuluma izincwadi eJalimane, eNgilandi, eFrance nase-US, lesi sihloko iye kabanzi okuxoxwe izincwadi. Omunye wabo - "Foreign nezincwadi zokufunda XX». Umbhali - L. Andreev. Futhi ingqikithi ezifana "Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi kwekhulu lama-20 e-Russia", oludalulwa incwadi SI Kormilova. Incwadi yakhe ihlanganisa inkathi kusukela 20 kuya 90. Igama ebhukwinitifundvo - "Umlando kwezincwadi Russian of XX leminyaka."

Izinto zesimanje temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yasekhaya

Ukuze-ke zihlanganisa imisebenzi badalwe nenkathi ehlanganiswa Russian Kormilovym theoretician. Eyiqiniso Modern - yigama. Abameleli lezi zincwadi esikhathini ukuthuthukiswa akunakubangelwa ababhali ababhala namuhla, futhi abenze nengxenye engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Kodwa uma ukuthini amazwi athi, "temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yesimanje" abalobi baqonde manje ukushicilela izincwadi zabo, umsebenzi cwaningo kwalesi sikhathi kulotshiwe ngaphambili kuka kwenye engamashumi amathathu noma engamashumi amane.

izincwadi zezingane

Izincwadi zase-abafundi omncane engenathi kwavela njengoba oseceleni ekhulwini XVII. Yingakho isihloko "The History of Wezingane nezincwadi zokufunda" akuyona njengoba olunzulu njengoba phi nye, kubhekwa kulesi sihloko. I temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Russian izingane basungula ngenkuthalo ezinsukwini Petra Velikogo. neqhaza eyenziwe abalobi ezifana Derzhavin, Karamzin, Sumarokov. Umlando kwezincwadi zezingane - isayensi abasha. Yena enikelwe hhayi omningi. Zonke efanayo kungenziwa ngokuthi omunye wabo - "izincwadi nezingane zethu" F. Toll.