Iwashi kwi Old Town Square e Prague: izithombe, incazelo, umlando

Iwashi kwi Old Town Square e Prague, ePrague Orloj - iwashi lomkhathi ogibele odongeni aseningizimu eHholo LeDolobha Elidala, Uyi eyingqopha ethandwa futhi edume umhlaba lasePrague.

Umlando ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa

Clock ePrague ku Old Town Square, umlando lapho eseneminyaka engaphezu kuka-600, kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla 1402, kodwa kakade 1410 bona kufakwe ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini entsha mechanical wenza master kadanskim Mikuláš. Babedalelwene phezu okusalungiswa sezinkanyezi J. Schindele.

Ngo 1490 ukukhanda of amawashi eziye zaguqulwa: ukuqedela Ukudayela zekhalenda bese efakwe olungaphambili lwesonto sibalo Gothic. Umsebenzi olwenziwa master Hanus.

Eminyakeni eyalandela zokubuyiselwa kwenziwe izikhathi eziningi ngenxa yokungazi lokukhonza nabelusi bazo Chime ngezinye izikhathi ayeke ngokwabo.

Ngo-1552 ukubuyiselwa ukunyakaza benza master Ya iThabori.

Uthuthukiswe kanje senziwe ekhulwini XVII, lapho wathutha indlela Batter sikhathi, setha ezinye izibalo, kanye inyanga isigaba izinkomba.

Umlando Ukubuyiselwa Clocks

Ngo 1778 ePrague iziphathimandla zanquma ahlukanisa indlela laqaqwa ngenxa yokuntuleka ezezimali iyokhandwa yayo. Chime uMsindisi waba kumklami wendawo J. Landesberger, okuyinto ngo-1791 elilungisiwe kubo mahhala, ukugcina Luhambo ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo. Nokho, ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini ngoba ukunganakekeli kahle isibe run okubi, futhi bayilungise bahluleka. Mshini futhi wanezela izibalo zabaPhostoli.

Ngo phakathi Chime XIX leminyaka futhi uthanda ukwenza out. abasindisi ezalandela ziqhubeka ziba watchmakers L. uHeinz, C. kanye R. Bozhek Danek, abagcina imali kabusha amahora. Phakathi ukubuyiselwa P. Bozhek elinesisindo ekhiqizwa, okuyinto manje elawula indlela (iwashi emva 0.5 kuphela emaminithi ngeliviki, okuyinto yalokho okuhle). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba manje, zokulungisa mshini iwashi iqinile "Heinz".

Ngo-1945, i- ePrague Astronomical Clock abangu kulimala amaNazi phakathi bombardment kwale ngxenye anti-aircraft izibhamu yasePrague. Zonke izingxenye lokhuni ashiswa, yabhidlika kabana Ukudayela.

Kuphela ngo-1948, lo mshini iwashi libuyiselwe futhi Orloj waqala ukusebenza njengakuqala. Zonke izibalo lokhuni olwaluvame ezenziwe kabusha Umqophi V Sucharda okwangempela kancane wasinda empini, manje ichonywe ePrague Museum.

Njengoba iwashi ePrague ku Old Town Square (ngezansi) sekuyinkinga esidumile lasePrague. Wizards bakwazi ukuthola i-75% ezingxenyeni zokuqala ukunyakaza.

Clock ePrague ku Old Town Square: Incazelo

iwashi lomkhathi sakhiwe izingxenye eziningana, ayinhloko kokuba:

• amasondo yezinkanyezi, ebheka isikhundla ilanga nenyanga esibhakabhakeni, okubonisa eminye imininingwane astronomy kukhona indandatho Zodiac;
• "Lezi zifundo zabaPhostoli" - indlela ukuthi ihora ngalinye ushayela ezihambayo izibalo mechanical nabaPhostoli nezinhlamvu;
• ukudayela nge izindondo, elisebenza njengoba ikhalenda obonisa izinyanga.

Astrolabe usebenzisa clockwork ubonisa isikhathi kusuka kumasistimu eziningana:

• EBhabhiloni, lapho kukhona obuphelele ezahlukene amahora ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene onyakeni;
• Old Czech (wasebenzisa shvabaherskie izibalo);
• CET - kubonisa zesi-Roman;
• isikhathi sidereal (zesi-Arabhu).

Ngokungafani nezinye ePrague Astronomical Clock, iwashi edumile Old Town Square e Prague akusho olimini ehlobo, ngakho ingxenye yonyaka abalubonisayo ngesikhathi esingafanele (ihora ngemuva European).

Ikhalenda Ukudayela lihlotshiswe 12 izindondo ngamunye izigcawu emelela wempilo yasemaphandleni Ephakathi.

Ezibonisa iwashi lomkhathi?

Iwashi kwi Old Town Square e Prague kungenziwa ngokuthi i izinkanyezi encane, elibonisa isimo yonke. Ngosizo ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini mechanical, nakuba yayakhiwe Ephakathi, ungabona isikhundla: Ilanga Nenyanga.

Isithombe Zomhlaba (Indilinga leluhlata njengesibhakabhaka) kanti ezinye ingxenye esibhakabhakeni (engenhla) ukumela ngemuva. Kudiski 4 iwaphe- izingxenye ezinyakazayo: aletha izimpawu zomgamu wezulu nalo wangaphandle, umfanekiso ilanga nenyanga.

Emini ilanga ihamba yeqe kungemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ebusuku - ku black. Esikhathini amahora sekusile kuhlwa - endaweni ebomvu ngemuva. Ukuze kwesokunxele umkhathizwe kulotshiwe avrora (kokusa) kanye Ortus (kwelanga), kwesokudla - occasus (kwelanga) kanye crepusculum (kuhlwa).

Golden Sun ihamba kwisiyingi izimpawu zomgamu wezulu nalo ekhombisa usebenzisa imicibisholo kanye izandla zegolide isikhashana:

• ikhuluma zesi-Roman abavelele wendawo ePrague isikhathi;
• izibani isikhundla imigqa lwalugobile segolide inquma isikhathi yaseBabiloni;
• phezu ring elingaphandle isandla ubonisa amahora zidlulile ngemva kokushona kwelanga ngo-Old calculus zamaBohemia;
• Moon ezinyakazayo lwenzeka Ecliptic ngesivinini, futhi sphere esiliva libonisa isigaba kwenyanga.

Phezulu ubuso iwashi

Iwashi kwi Old Town Square e Prague, yabakhanga zezivakashi njalo ngehora (isethulo okwenzeka 9.00 ukuze 21.00).

I-dial engenhla - yezinkanyezi, abasohlangothini lwakhe bayaphaphalaza 4 izibalo, okuyinto zitholakala nhlangothi zombili leli washi. Lezi zinombolo ukumela izenzo ezimbi abantu odelelekile:

• ukufa, sisikhumbuza impermanence wokuphila;
• kuyize isithombe sibalo nge esibukweni;
• ukuhaha (umJuda isikhwama);
• Turk emele ingozi amakhulu eminyaka Habsburg okuvela uMbuso WaseTurkey.

Eliphezulu ngaphezu Ukudayela elise amafasitela nezicabha, nakho ukuhambisa izibalo wabaphostoli abangu-12. Ukunyakaza Skeleton (ukufa), okuyinto ophethe intambo iqala ukubonakala nabaPhostoli ebhokisini: St Peter kuyisihluthulelo, St Matei ezisengozini ngembazo, St Paul uphethe incwadi, St-Jan - Cup, St Jakub - lokuphotha ..... St Simon -. isaha, St Thomas - .. umkhonto, St Ondrej futhi Filip labetibambile iziphambano, St noBartolomewu ekucindezela izandla zakhe lesikhumba, St Barnabas egcina umqulu, eSt Thaddeus ophethe ephepheni ekhwapheni lakhe ifolda ....

I ephansi ubuso iwashi

Amawashi kwi Old Town Square, ePrague babe yesibili futhi ushayele - Zodiac (kungezwe 1490) naye ehlotshisiwe nhlangothi zombili izibalo: Isazi-mlando, ingelosi sezinkanyezi nefilosofi.

Esikhathini umbuthano elingaphandle umbala omnyama uyisiyingi ezithathekayo izimpawu zomgamu wezulu, okubonisa ekhomba lapho ilanga lingakhona ku Ecliptic. Izimpawu zitholakala futhi ku-oda kwewashi. Small igolide inkanyezi amaphuzu injikalanga Vernal.

Ngokwe-Ukudayela zezinkanyezi kungacacisa zezinkanyezi uphawu, igama, usuku nenyanga yokuzalwa. Nokho, eHholo Idolobha kuthé ikhophi kanye nombhalo wokuqala (ebhalwe J. avuse ekhulwini XIX.) Kuvezelwe ngesikhathi ePrague Museum of History.

Phakathi kokwethula wonke bobunjwa abaphostoli abangu-12 ukuhambisa. Kulokhu, abaseTurkey Zaqhubeka zithuthumela ziya ikhanda lakhe, futhi ibonisa isikhwama ungoqo. Siphetfo wonke ukusebenza iqhude, okuphawula ukuqala ihora entsha.

Izinganekwane mayelana Orloe

Omunye legends elihlobene ne izinsuku lapho iwashi phezu Old Town Square (Prague, Czech Republic) kusakhiwa. Master Hanus, ngubani ukungezwa mshini Chime ikhalenda, ngakho hit neziphathimandla zedolobha nge ikhono nobuhle umsebenzi ukuthi yanquma ukuphuca kuye ka wokuthi kusukela manje ukuthi akekho ndawo futhi akekho bazokwazi ukwakha iwashi efanayo. Bethukutheliswe ENkosini wanquma ukuzibulala ngokuziphonsa ovela ukuphakama angena indlela leli washi, ke Chime wayeka iminyaka embalwa ngenxa yokulimala. Nokho, umlando, refutes nganekwane, Master Hanus (igama lakhe langempela kwaba-Jan Rouge) ngempela Ushintshe ukunyakaza iwashi, futhi bonke abanye - eqanjiwe.

Enye legend uthi uma uyeka iwashi kumele kwenteke ezinhlekeleleni. Lokhu stop kwenzeka ngesikhathi umsebenzi Czech Republic ngamaNazi, eyaqedwa kwesokudla ku Old Town Square e ngokubhujiswa kwalesi amabutho aseSoviet last amabutho aseJalimane ePrague Meyi 8, 1945

Omunye izitobhi lokugcina iwashi esenzeka ngo-2001, ngemva okwakulungiswa izikhukhula olubanzi, wasibekela inhlokodolobha Czech (Agasti 2002).

EPrague Orloj: ukubuyekezwa kanye okuvelayo

Ungaphefumuli ku Starometstkoy Square - omunye ezikhangayo esemqoka ePrague, okuyinto edonsela izinkulungwane zezivakashi abangenako emihlambini njalo ngehora ukubheka ukusebenza nge ezinyakazayo.

Ebusuku zethulo abekho, iwashi futhi abasebenzi bekwi sokubuyiselwa futhi kulungiswe izindlela futhi izibalo embhoshongweni. Amawashi zidinga ukunakekelwa nsuku zonke (Lubrication izindlela kanye nabanye.), Futhi watch lokho laba bantu.

izivakashi eziningi abeza zibabaza iwashi phezu Old Town Square e Prague, impendulo yakho libekwe injabulo nentshiseko. Orla itholakala maphakathi ePrague indawo aphethwe kaKhisimusi nezinye njengophawu lokugubha amaholidi, Fairs aphethwe. Lapha kukhona zokudlela eziningi kanye amathilomu ngamaqebelengwane okumnandi futhi ukudla lendawo.

isiphetho

Ngo-2010, ePrague Orloj igubha unyaka wayo 600. Edolobheni kwakukhona izenzakalo zemikhosi abazinikezele kulo mcimbi. Zonke esidlule amakhulu amaningana eminyaka, Iwashi abadumile Astronomical ePrague izivakashi eziningi, futhi behlala ethandwa engaphezu kweyikhulu.

esihle Ikakhulukazi iyindawo in the Year New ngamaholide: maphakathi isikwele lihlelwe sikakhusimusi ezinkulu kuleli dolobha futhi wahlela emhlabeni umbukiso zemikhosi, okuyinto lizungezwe nemibhoshongo medieval nezigodlo okusikhumbuza Fairytale futhi nethonya elikhulu ezigcawugcawu.