Isimo apharathasi Ukraine. isakhiwo State kanye sezombusazwe Ukraine

Ukraine - lelitimele. It has endaweni yayo, ephakeme kanye lendawo emizimbeni ebusayo, kuhulumeni, elingenamikhono izingalo, ifulege nokucula iculo lesizwe. kudivayisi State Ukraine has a isakhiwo branched ne division of the amagatsha ezahlukene kanye namaphesenti ahambisana ukubhuka zomthetho amazinga yeningi.

ukuthola ubukhosi

Ngo-July 1990 Verkhovna Rada (iphalamende Ukraine) amukela le "Isimemezelo State Ubukhosi." Le dokhumenti ivulekile ikhasi elisha emlandweni wezwe, okuholela isakhiwo kombuso wentando yabantu esekelwe umthetho.

Ngokwe-Declaration, umphakathi egunyazwe lokuveza Verkhovna Rada. Ayikho amaqembu, izinhlangano noma abantu abangaphandle (ngaphandle nomongameli, futhi ukuthi eziningi nezindaba) Sasingekho isidingo sokuba benze kanjalo. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we sisungula igunya soMthethosisekelo endaweni kwamandla, limelela ukuxhumana amagatsha amandla, ngokuvumelana emngceleni (Ukraine imingcele okwamanje amazwe ayisikhombisa), amalungelo ezakhamuzi nezinye izinkinga.

Kusukela republic ePhalamende ukuba kamongameli

Indlela lapho Ukraine kwaba mayelana nokwamukelwa we Declaration ngaphambi ukwamukelwa yomthethosisekelo zikahulumeni, kancane futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kalula zachazwa yisigaba izinguquko ezinkulu ekuphileni kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho.

Ngo-July 1996, isimo amandla iyunithi washintsha. Verkhovna Rada yamukela uMtsetfosisekelo entsha ye-Ukraine. Ngokusho kwakhe, Ukraine manje - republic ePhalamende nge ekuphathweni kamongameli. Umongameli likhethwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Yena - inhloko yezwe, kulesi simo akakwazi ukukhonza amatemu engaphezu kwemibili.

omongameli:

• Kravchuk leonid Makarovich (05.12.1991 - 19.07.1994).
• Kuchma leonid Danilovich (19.07.1994 - 23.01.2005).
• Yuschenko Viktor Andreevich (23.01.2005 - 25.02.2010).
• Yanukovych Viktor Fedorovich (25.02.2010 - 22.02.2014).
• Poroshenko Petr Alekseevich (c 06.07.2014).

Izilawuli

Izinhlobo uhulumeni e-Ukraine athobele olwamukelwa amazinga yeningi. Isiqalo nesigcino uhulumeni ihlukaniswe amagatsha amathathu nangezinkonzo zenani elilinganayo:

• zomthetho;
• elikhulu;
• enkantolo.

Verkhovna Rada - aphakeme isishayamthetho Ukraine. Ingabe ephalamende unicameral, lapho uSomlomo engamela. Imisebenzi Verkhovna Rada - ekwakhiweni kwemithetho nokulawula ngokucophelela noHulumeni. Ukukhethwa amaLunga wePalamende enziwa qobe minyaka 4. Basuke eyenziwa ivoti eliyimfihlo. Zonke izakhamizi ezineminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu kufanele ilungelo lokuvota.

isakhiwo Executive, eliholwa uMongameli, zilethwa Uhulumeni ngaphansi kukaNdunankulu kanye neziphathimandla zesifunda. Ngu emizimbeni esiphezulu zihlanganisa zezinkonzo, ejensi ukuphepha, ibutho kanye namanye amasevisi.

Umthethosisekelo walesi Ukraine - umthetho eyinhloko yezwe. Uqinisekisa amalungelo athile nenkululeko izakhamuzi Ukraine futhi ukunquma imisebenzi yabo. Betebulungiswa has amalungelo ezimele izinqumo. Ekusebenteni, emazweni isikhathi zesikhashana kunzima ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele, lo mphathi amagatsha zomthetho. igunya ophambili - eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo.

Uhlobo lukahulumeni

Ezweni kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo uhulumeni:

• ebumbeneko (owodwa);
• elinefomu eziyinkimbinkimbi zedivayisi (nemifelandawonye, Confederations).

Ebumbeneko - isimo insimu ihlukaniswe amayunithi alinganayo nezokuphatha (izifunda, izifundazwe, izifunda, njll ...), Ongaphansi maphakathi.

Federation - iyisimo eziyinkimbinkimbi federal ehlanganisa amayunithi zokuphatha (republic, izifunda ezizimele, izifundazwe ezweni, njll ...), Yikuphi abe ukuzimela ezithile ezingokomthetho.

Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu kumiswa isimo sikahulumeni kanye nokuhlanganiswa ubudlelwane federal kungaba soMthethosisekelo futhi (noma) isivumelwano sikahulumeni. Ngesisekelo izinkontileka ngqo kuphakama, isibonelo, Federation of Australia, eSwitzerland, e-United States, eU.SSR, Malaysia, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Basuke ukubizwa ngesivumelwano somhlaba, ngokungafani kuya non-ezivumelwano, ezifana, isibonelo, Canada, eNdiya, eNigeria, Pakistan, sekukhona ngesisekelo izitho emaphakathi isimo noma wedolobha ukuzimela esizayo the Federation.

Confederation - inyunyana ye yesikhashana: nawo iphuka noma uguqulwe ube isimo sikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona manje Switzerland njengoba isimo federal, ngenkathi agcinwayo igama "Confederation". kwavela Confederation ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene e-USA, eJalimane, eNetherlands.

E-Ukraine, babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli (futhi kubhekwe), zonke izinhlobo uhulumeni, ezifanele kakhulu nokuphathwa kahle. Okwamanje, esebenza uhlelo ebumbeneko.

parliamentarism Ukrainian

izingcezwana ngamunye ephalamende Ukrainian phezu umlando walo kwakunezilinganiso Chamber ezidumile Kievan Rus, le Sejm isimo Polish-Lithuanian, le Cossack Hetman izikhathi thokozani futhi kamuva - sakhiwo esiphezulu zomthetho we Austro-Hungarian, bese Russian Empire, Ukraine SSR zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ukudalwa Ukraine njengoba isimo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kumiswa iPhalamende esivuna a esisemthethweni, ezithunyelwe inkampani igunya ukuphathwa, bani emazweni amaningi. Umphumela we ekuqaleni umkhuba ePhalamende emlandweni wamuva kwaba ekudalweni futhi ukusebenza ngoMashi 1917 - Ngo-April 1918 Ukraine Central Rada - uhlobo kazwelonke yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka-ephalamende, okuyinto isidlulile indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo inhlangano setepolitiki ngoba "isiGungu" igunya abantu Ukraine.

Ukuvela ePhalamende kanye nemisebenzi yayo kwaba igxathu okunengqondo ukuhlanganisa abantu Ukraine endleleni eya uzimele geqe ngo kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lokho isiko zomlando Ukraine Central Rada uyaqhubeka ezimweni yesimanje Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

Kanye ePhalamende, Umele izindaba iningi futhi umongameli we-Ukraine.

Ministry

kudivayisi State Ukraine lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo has a isakhiwo ecacile. Phakathi nesimiso sokuqondisa ikhanda umengameli kuqokwa, kufanele ogunyaziwe yiningi abavoti ukuba kubuse.

Isinyathelo ngezansi elise zezinkonzo obangela Amathrendi ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke imikhakha yemisebenzi: kwezomnotho, ukuzivikela, ezempilo, isiko, Ministry Interior, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifunda, inqubomgomo ezolimo, ngesimiso semvelo, amandla, wezangaPhandle, ulwazi, intsha kanye nezemidlalo, ingqalasizinda, imfundo isayensi, ubulungiswa, ezezimali, inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, iKhabhinethi of Izikhonzi.

Isakhiwo Ministry esivunywe nguNgqongqoshe, nemizimba ezithile central - amakhanda abo. Ukwakheka izidumbu emaphakathi yesigungu ivunyelwe ngokuxhumana Undunankulu wase-Ukraine, Vice uNdunankulu Okokuqala, Vice-uNdunankulu ngokuhambisana ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla abo sokusebenza.

Inhloko Uhulumeni iba undunankulu eliphakanyiswe umongameli, kodwa ekugcineni Rada amasekela uthi. Ngokungafani ezinye ekamu (eJalimane, eJapane, eGreat Britain, e-Italy kanye nabanye), Undunankulu wase-Ukraine akusho ifa ukugcwala izinqumo. Uyabika kuMongameli.

Uhlu uNdunankulu kanye iBamba:

• Witold Fokin (1990-1992);
• Valentin Simonenko (1992);
• Leonid Kuchma (1992-1993);
• Yefim Zviagilskiy (1993-1994);
• Vitaly Masol (1994-1995);
• Evgeniy Marchuk (1995-1996);
• UPavlo Lazarenko (1996-1997);
• Basil Durdinets (1997);
• Valery Pustovojtenko (1997-1999);
• Viktor Yushchenko (1999-2001);
• Anatoly Kinakh (2001-2002);
• UViktor Yanukovych (2004-2005, 2006-2007);
• Nicholas Azarov (2005, 2010-2014);
• Yulia Tymoshenko (2005, 2007-2010);
• Yuriy Yekhanurov (2005-2006);
• Sergey Arbuzov (2014);
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk (2014).

division zokuphatha

Izici kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo Ukraine ziyabonakala esigabeni yayo zokuphatha. Ukuze uthole abasha wezwe yemvelo "uzizwe ye-" ifomu elilungile kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi abantu ezindaweni ezahlukene. Isimo emhlabeni eCrimea Donbas kuqinisekisa kuphela ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi futhi, mhlawumbe, izinguquko ezithile ukuze kwakhiwe uhlelo Monolithic zokuphatha ukuthi uyakucabangela izithakazelo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi.

I Republic ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda, okuyinto umkhawulo neSoviet Union, cishe ayikashintshi - ingqikithi ezindaweni 24, zona selihlukene laba 490 nezifunda. emadolobheni amakhulu 176 abe nesimo esibalulekile - yesifunda (republic) umyalo nendlela izifunda bamelela imibuso sendawo ezingeni lesibili. In esigabeni sesithathu - esondelene kuyo abantu - yiwona emikhandlwini yendawo, idolobha, isigodi. Kiev kuyinto esifundeni dolobha.

Izimpawu isimo

Uhlelo isimo Ukraine kuhlanganisa ifomu ngumthethosisekelo kahulumeni, isakhiwo sokuphatha-indawo futhi wezombusazwe. Iphuzu lokugcina uhlelo izindlela nezindlela kahle kwemandla embuso, it libhekene ezingeni isiqinisekiso amalungelo abantu.

Inombolo yesihloko 1 soMthethosisekelo uye kahle-Ukraine njengoba kombuso wentando yabantu. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we sisungula izimiso yentando abantu, ama-ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla, ukwehluka ezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye ngemibono, kungumsebenzi kumuntu, nokunye okunjalo.

intando yeningi

Ukraine inarha ebumbeneko othi nemigomo yentsandvo yelinyenti, okuyinto eyenziwa ngqo ngokusebenzisa izinhlaka zikahulumeni kanye neziphathimandla zendawo neziphathimandla zikahulumeni. INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo 26.03.2002 esishoyo ukuthi "uhulumeni wasekhaya kumele lithathwe ngokuthi uhlobo abantu amandla."

Ukubonakaliswa sokubusa ngentando yeningi eqondile ukhetho, referendums asekhaya, imizamo ethandwa, ilalele izimvo zomphakathi kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. Endabeni abantu amandla yonkana isimo ukwakha izinhlaka ukumelwa ethandwa.

I-apharathasi isimo kufanele bahlukanise hlangana neenhlangano zamabanga aphansi naphezulu ukumelwa kwabantu. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni akhiwa ummeleli oyinhloko abalithandayo, ngosizo okuyinto amandla bathunyelwe uMbuso ngqo ngabantu. Ezweni zingabantu Verkhovna Rada (VR) futhi uMongameli Ukraine.

Izidumbu isimo, okuyinto akhiwa BP kanye nomongameli, kukhona izidumbu zabantu yesibili, ukumelwa engesobala. Buhle intando yeningi eqondile nobubanzi edonsa abantu nezindaba zomphakathi. Izinzuzo ukusebenza ezimele siwukuthi bangamalungu unomphela, ukusebenza professional isisekelo.

ubukhosi isimo

inarha ebumbeneko Ukraine - lelitimele nezizimele. Ubukhosi libizwa kokubusa isimo iziphathimandla ukhetho kuleli zwe futhi de ukuzimela empeleni waba amabutho yangaphandle (amazwe, ukunyakaza, izinhlangano, nokunye. D.).

Ubukhosi sehlukaniswe zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ezimweni zanamuhla ngowokuqala kulawulwa nomthethosisekelo nokuthi ukukhathazeka yesibili ubunjalo ubudlelwane phakathi emazweni ahlukahlukene, ikhumbula kwezinkambiso komthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Ubukhosi akuyona nje impahla isimo, futhi iziphathimandla ikakhulukazi emphakathini. Kuyinto ngenhla party, zenkolo, zezimali - akekho ungakwazi zilawule ngentando yayo. Phakathi ubukhosi wezwe evinjelwa kuphela amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo.

Ukudalwa Ukraine njengoba isimo kwakungenakwenzeka ngaphandle ubukhosi zangaphandle. Ubiza labo imingcele ngaphakathi lapho ejwayelekile lamanje izimo kwemibuso ukuhlanganiswa izinqubo okufanele kwenzeke ngayo.

At inhliziyo ukuzimela isimo Ukraine is sovereignty okuthiwa abantu. Kuyinto abantu, ikakhulukazi ngokubamba ukhetho khulula legitimizes kwemandla embuso. Ngoba ungumthombo sabantu, khona-ke kufanele kube ngawakho namandla. ubukhosi Yabantu asetjenziswako nge umzimba omele iqembu kanjalo ngqo kubantu bendawo ngokubamba ukhetho, umphakathi ingxoxo inhlolovo. Ngakho ubukhosi empeleni kuvumelana Folk yabantu.

Ukuhambisana umthetho

Ukuze isimo wezomthetho Ukraine, futhi enjalo yayiwukuthi, iziphathimandla kufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho zomthetho kuwo wonke amazinga: kusukela zikahulumeni eliphakeme zonke isakhamuzi. ukuze Legal - isimo esingokomthetho oda, inhlangano nekulawulwa nobudlelwano zomphakathi. Kulesi msebenzi, wabamba:

• Kuyinto upholavuthondaba enamandla nezinxushunxushu, iziyaluyalu, disorganization, ukungaqiniseki ukuntengantenga of ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu;
• izindlela ezingokomthetho angenze kungenzeka izenzo ezingekho emthethweni ezenziwa isimo futhi iziphathimandla zayo mayelana izakhamuzi, kanye oyedwa nalenye.

Nge buthakathaka amandla, ukukhula bekhalaza uhlale e 2013-2014 uhlelo isimo Ukraine ibilokhu ezisengozini. Umthetho ukuthi imodeli yezomthetho, okuyinto uchaza isimo izikhonzi nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana, ubuntu babo, ubudlelwano phakathi abantu yemvelo kanye zomthetho, kanye nezindlela, amasu, izinqubo nengxabano.

Malanga indawo (endaweni ukusabalala) noma izinga umthetho iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi:

• isimo (ezweni) jikelele;
• izinhlangano zasekhaya (izikhonzi umfelandawonye, izinkampani zikahulumeni ezizimele);
• amayunithi zokuphatha-indawo - amadolobha, izifunda, izifunda, njll

Kuye umthelela umthetho, izingxenye zalo ezihlelekile kumiswa umthetho, singenza umyalelo jikelele, imikhakha, ekhethekile noma yesikhungo. Ubude kuvela nemisebenzi ngenxa ukuqaliswa kohlelo lomthetho lonke. Ngomthamo, lesi sigaba empeleni iyafana umthetho njalo indawo. Umkhakha wenza ngesisekelo kwezinkambiso legatsha okuthile komthetho (ngokoMthethosisekelo, nokuthola ubulungiswa zezimali, inqubo civil, kanye nabanye.). Special (yesikhungo) kuphakama ngesisekelo ukuqaliswa ilungelo izikhungo ngabanye.

ezinkantolo

Betebulungiswa - uhlelo wesithathu uhulumeni e-Ukraine. Kuyazeka esebenzisa ekhethekile zikahulumeni - izinkantolo. Izwe ubumbe uhlelo ezintathu-tier, phezu okuyinto weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo kufanele. Ubephethe - ikhambi nezindaba global ezithinta isisekelo lonke igunya - uMthethosisekelo.

nezindaba Olungokoqobo (kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho) ubeke eceleni ezinkantolo jikelele kanye ukulamula umbango, ngokulandelana. Ngakho, ngendlela uhulumeni Ukraine livele libe isakhiwo olinganiselayo is ukulinganisela yi Rada (Isishayamthetho), uMongameli (omele Executive System) iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo (njengoba oluphakeme kakhulu ukubonakaliswa lwebulungisa).

MIA

ukuze Legal - isimo langempela zomthetho oda, isiphetho, inhlangano zobudlelwano nomphakathi, phetho ukwenziwa kwangempela yomthetho, samuntu yabo ekuphileni. Umqondo uhulumeni nolimi kusukela nomqondo igunya "strong" zomthetho. Sesondlo yayo kanye nokuqaliswa in Ukraine wadala Ministry of Wezangaphakathi.

Ekuqaleni, Wezangaphakathi Ukraine yahlukaniswa yaba amasevisi ezikhethekile:

• amaphoyisa Yomphakathi.
• amaphoyisa Criminal.
• Gai.
• Izikhungo amaPhoyisa KaHulumeni.
• amabutho abahlukahlukene ekhethekile.

kabusha

I kabusha ngo-2014 kakhulu ushintshe isakhiwo se-Wezangaphakathi. Okokuqala, esikhundleni amaphoyisa sivunyiwe nguMongameli ku 08.04.2015, amaPhoyisa kaZwelonke. Bahlele ayifakiwe izakhiwo ezokuthutha, amaphoyisa kanye GUBOP wezilwane. Kusukela 2016 umsebenzi gai "ukunikeza" wadala yokuthenga izinhlabamkhosi zikagesi eklanyelwe esikhundleni "bukhoma" amaphoyisa womgwaqo. 16/09/2015 ezaqedwa indawo Ministry Interior. Qeda izinguquko 2017. Yiqiniso, kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo nezombusazwe ngeke kushintshe, kodwa kwenkathi yenguquko okungase kuthinte isimo lobugebengu.

It is kuhlelwe ukuthi isakhiwo esisha Wezangaphakathi ekugcineni kuthatha ifomu elandelayo:

• amaphoyisa Criminal.
• Amaphoyisa Special.
• Ukuvikelwa Amaphoyisa.
• Leposi and Telecommunications.
• amaphoyisa Patrol.
• Izidumbu zabantu abangu-uphenyo owandulela ukuqulwa kwecala.
• umsebenzi wamaphoyisa.
• UMnyango izidakamizwa.
• amaphoyisa Economic.

teething izinkinga

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zikahulumeni. Ukraine amkhethile ifomu ebumbeneko nokuxhumana nezinhlangano zokuphatha. Isimo emhlabeni eCrimea Donbas, inkulumo lokunikezelwa amandla ngaphezulu ezifundeni, kuze federalization ningabeki isikhubekiso phambi izishaya, ososayensi zezombusazwe kanye nemibuzo umphakathi, izimpendulo ezilula akuzona.

Inqubo yokudala lensha yentsandvo yelinyenti isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa esikhathini esifushane uhlelo olusha lukahulumeni yasungulwa, amabutho kazwelonke ahlomile, abophiko lwezokuphepha, amaphoyisa.