Isikhungo esingokomlando Petersburg: incazelo nesithombe. UNESCO Sites Heritage

Ohlukile Petersburg bokwakha kwayo okukhulu, unobuntu yayo eqinile. Shono isikhungo somlando Petersburg kuyingxenye UNESCO amagugu lilonke.

Lo muzi abasha ecebe kangaka emlandweni, ukuthi kungaba anele emadolobheni amaningana. Laliyikomkhulu omkhulu Russian Empire, lapho lezizinto zenzeka khona, ezithinta hhayi kuphela ezweni kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonkana. Isikhungo esingokomlando kanye izikhumbuzo Petersburg ofakazi.

Umlando ngokwakha imizi emikhulu

Emuva ngo-1703 kulesi siqhingi endaweni sokuhlukanisa emfuleni iNeva ku sleeves 2 - Big futhi Small Neva - yasungulwa Petersburg inqaba, ogama ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngokushesha, njengoba impi yayiqhubeka, futhi ogwini eGulf of Finland ayeyidinga ukuze athole ukusizakala nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Amaxhaphozi behlisa ukwakhiwa ezindongeni inqaba futhi abulala izinkulungwane zabantu, hhayi wasekela ngokweqile ukuzikhandla nemibandela ukusebenza kanzima. Ekwakheni egcekeni izakhiwo lokuqala lokhuni kwakhiwa: ibandla St uPetru noPawulu, Umkhandlu Wezigele, arsenal futhi ekhemisi main. Cishe 300 eminyakeni kwathatha kulezi zindawo baba yikho kanye lokho likhona isikhungo somlando Petersburg.

Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 yokugujwa izindonga kancane kancane sithathelwe indawo zamatshe, kwathatha cishe engu-35 edlule. Ekuqaleni, uPetru Bengifisa ukuthi umuzi wawuyigolide ngokuphelele ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo isiteshi, elandela isibonelo Venice, kodwa ukwakhiwa waqhubeka nezinye emapulanini ezakhiwo. Esikhathini yesimanje iziteshi Petersburg hlala% 10 kuphela endaweni, okuyinto mayelana 300 km.

Petersburg futhi inama amabhuloho zayo, okuyizinto ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezinhlobo. Growing, idolobha kancane kancane aluthola izici eyaziwa kahle namuhla, St Petersburg.

Esikhathini sethu, izivakashi zenyakatho dolobha iziqondiso ukutshela, kubukeka sengathi isikhungo esingokomlando Petersburg, futhi kungani ukuhlala kuso indawo.

UPetru noPawulu inqaba

I inqaba, okuyinto eyaba isakhiwo sokuqala inhlokodolobha esizayo futhi namuhla owaziwa ngokuthi uPawulu, lethiwa esontweni, esisogwini insimu yalo. Namuhla iyisikhungo zomlando Petersburg, Petersburg okuyinto ngothando eyaziwa ngokuthi "uPetru noPawulu Fortress" futhi ujwayelene izindonga zalo balindelwe bebade shot ovela inganono.

Isakhiwo inqaba abanjalo esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo njengoba Usigaxamabhande of Engineers House, Treasury kanye uPetru noPawulu Cathedral. Kakade ekuqaleni 18th nenqaba ekhulwini kwaba leziboshwa zezombusazwe, futhi omunye weziboshwa lokuqala wayeyindodana uPetru mina Tsarevich Alexei.

Kancane kancane, kwezindonga zamatshe saqala ukwehla, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuba "agqoke" iNeva nezindonga nenqaba e egwadle. Yilokho namuhla futhi Paul Fortress, elaba ngobukhulu ngesiRashiya umlando Museum.

Admiralty

Isakhiwo sokuqala kakhulu ngebhange kwesokunxele iNeva laliwukuphela kwesakhiwo ka Admiralty. Ekuqaleni wakhulelwa ngu-Peter mina ngisemsebenzini evamile, etholakala eduze uPetru noPawulu nenqaba, isibe Fort yangempela enezivikelo eziqinile. Isinqumo ukwakha inqaba kwakukhona kosongo nokuhlasela abaseSweden emzini abasha.

Eyokuqala isakhiwo Admiralty laqedwa ngo-1705, futhi namuhla lonke Ensemble yezakhiwo owaziwa UNESCO njengomunye wezinye best in the world. ukubukeka kwakhe kushintshile kancane kancane. Ekuqaleni kwaba isakhiwo esakhiwe ngesimo uhlamvu u "P", okuyinto uhlala ngaphakathi igceke lemikhumbi. Duzane naye wemba umgodi, esemgwaqweni ngemuva edlelweni kuya wokubuka izindawo engcono.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, yaphenduka edlelweni Alexandrovsky engadini, sizungezwe 3 tikwele - St Isaka, Umkhandlu Wezigele kanye Palace. Ngezinye Admiralty Shipyards uyakhile imikhumbi engaphezu kuka-300, kuze kube yavalwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi lesi sakhiwo kabusha ngokuphelele. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke kwathiwa "aluthola" Spire yakhe edumile. On ke waqinisa vane umoya esime a umkhumbi, ngegolide.

Admiralty namuhla - isikhumbuzo elihle classicism ekuseni, yelifa emhlabeni. isikhungo somlando Petersburg sika evela Admiralty kanye izingodo ezintathu etshiyeneyo emgwaqweni abadumile - saseNevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street Voznesensky Prospekt.

Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba

Ukuba yesine emhlabeni ngobukhulu, Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg inomlando omude kanye edabukisayo isakhiwo. Njengoba sazi ukuthi inguqulo yokuqala leli sonto lakhiwa ngo-1707, futhi inguqulo yayo yokugcina lanikezelwa ngo 1858, ukuthi ukwakhiwa wathatha cishe iminyaka engu-150.

Ekuqaleni kwakuwumuzi esontweni lokhuni eyakhelwe sisondele kakhulu iNeva. Ngo 1717, unquma elalizothatha indawo yesakhiwo itshe, kodwa 1724 buzilimaze ngenxa yokuthi isondele kakhulu emfuleni isisekelo ezimbi itholwe sesonto. It wazama kabusha futhi kuqiniswe kuCatherine mina umyalo, kodwa ngemva yokutakula, kwashiswa ngumuntu isiteleka umbani.

Kwanqunywa ukwakha Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba at Admiralty Meadow, lapho aba isabelo-Isaka, futhi iSigele Square. Le phrojekthi ezintsha wayezelwe ngempela omkhulu futhi elikhanyayo tile e zemabula, kodwa ukufa uCatherine II okwesikhashana ukwakhiwa lapho isakhiwo lakhiwa ngaphambi uhhafu.

Ubani enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi uPawulu I yayala ukuqeda ukwakha lombhishobhi e itshe, wanquma ukusebenzisa esele zemabula ukwakhiwa esigodlweni sakhe. Lezi nokushintshashintsha isakhiwo kwaholela yokuthi liqala ukuna usimende. Kwadingeka ukuba kwakhiwe kabusha olusha lwesakhiwo, okuyiwona kakade u-Alexander I ngo-1809 imemezela umncintiswano phakathi abaklami.

Kwakufanele kube kakade inguqulo wesine Cathedral St-Isaka. Implementer yephrojekthi wakhethwa Montferrand, ukuzuzwa owawungumnyaka inombolo okungakaze kubonwe ayisa the yinqwaba isisekelo (10 762), isakhiwo oneminyaka engu-40 ubudala futhi izindleko omkhulu ngokokuqala eye wenza lombhishobhi eqolo eYurophu (ruble 23.256.852., Futhi 80 kopecks.).

Noma kunjalo, Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg - namuhla omunye amahle kakhulu emhlabeni futhi bahlanganiswa the UNESCO amagugu wezwe.

saseNevsky Prospect

SaseNevsky - a avenue main, efanekisela isikhungo somlando Petersburg. Ibanga 4.5 km kusuka Admiralty ukuze Alexander saseNevsky Monastery, yokuxhuma iziqhingi 4 ku uMfula iNeva. Uma wakhulelwa ngokuthi "pershpektiva" esemqoka yedolobha, saseNevsky Prospekt Yakhiwa nhlangothi zombili ngasikhathi sinye futhi akazange ukugwema leso simo. Lapho efika maphakathi abakhi wabona iphutha izibalo, ngakho has a break. Ingxenye ukuthi lakhiwa 1718 kusukela Isigodlo, ngokuthi iNeva, futhi ingxenye Admiralty, eyaqedwa ngo 1720, yabizwa ngokuthi "pershpektiva Iningi".

Ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane saseNevsky Prospekt zamakhosi kwamadoda asebukhosini, izindlu yamaFilisti amasonto kuye kwaholela yokuthi namuhla emgwaqweni emhlabeni kuphela esemqoka, lapho kukhona amasonto wonke 4 izinkolo yobuKristu kanye izakhiwo edume kakhulu ezakha isikhungo esingokomlando Petersburg.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, siye sazama kabusha lo mgwaqo, kodwa amagama ngeke zilunge, ngakho saseNevsky Prospekt ngesikhathi yethu kanye eyaziwa ngokuthi Broadway eNew York, le Arbat eMoscow Deribasovskaya e-Odessa.

Ngamathe of Vasilyevsky Island

Ukuze uqonde, kubukeka sengathi isikhungo esingokomlando Petersburg, wakhula ngokwanele ukuthi singaya ku Vasilevsky Island. Ngisho nasezikhathini kaPetru mina, kwanqunywa ukuba enze ukuthuthukiswa "umcibisholo" Vasilyevsky Island.

Ngaphansi project, kwakukhona ukuba kwakhiwe, "amabhodi Nambili" (aphakeme isimo isikhungo), i-Stock Exchange, Cathedral kanye Gostiny Dvor, kodwa ukwakhiwa embonweni lagcwaliseka kancane kuphela. Curiosities yayakhiwa futhi esigodlweni Queen uPraskovya Feodorovna, ngubani ngenxa Academy of Sciences.

Ohlangothini lwaseningizimu campus kwamiswa, futhi ohlangothini lwasenyakatho lwe-"imicibisholo" babe berths ngoba athula emikhunjini bese exchange lapho amadili zenziwe. Kukhona egumbini lokuphumula futhi igceke izindlu.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, kwanqunywa ukuba enze kabusha Exchange futhi ukwakhiwa entsha sokuqeqesha. Ngenxa yalesi siqhingi uvele ngokubabazekayo beacon umbhoshongo, okuyinto namuhla "ikhadi ukushaya" yalesi siqhingi.

Ngaphambili iNeva yashayisa unqenqema

I quay kuqala ukuthi uma sihlangabezana imikhumbi yangaphandle yayingavunyelwe ukusebenzisa, ngokuthi ngesiNgisi. Kancane Kancane isakhiwo sayo ngokushesha ugxile iqiniso ukuthi iyona "ubuso" sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa ugijima on isimiso 'mbumbulu okuqhubekayo ". Ngemva ebhekene yakhe egwadle ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kwaba izindawo imfashini kakhulu emzini. Nansi indlu kaNabali, abantu elikhazimulayo iningi Empire Russian.

Palace Square

Umfanekiso Palace Square kwamiswa kancane kancane. Eyakhelwe 1762 Rastrelli enhle Winter Palace, esibheke emakhaya ngakolunye uhlangothi sikwele. ukwakhiwa kwalo baqala inqubo eside, kusukela kuphela ngo-1829 elaklanywa Carlo Rossi kwakhiwa isakhiwo ende kunazo arched eYurophu yaqedwa. Ehlanganisa 2 izakhiwo zixhunywe lokunqoba lwaleli, isakhiwo, futhi namuhla besesitelekeni yobuhle balo nokuhlala monumentality.

Ngo-1834, kwathiwa elifakwe Palace Square Alexander Ikholomu. Esikhathini 40s endaweni lakhulisiwe wokwakha indlunkulu Guards Corps kanye Thumela egcekeni.

UNESCO amagugu

Yonke isikhungo esingokomlando Petersburg, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle ke ayihambisi ubuhle nomusa, likhona UNESCO uhlu ifa. Kungenzeka uye ayithande kakhulu ingenye "omncane engenathi" esikhumbuzo zomlando lokhu usayizi kulolu hlu.