Isikhundla Elomuntu ohlelweni emhlabeni sesilwane: ukuthuthukiswa ngomhla imisuka womuntu

Ukuze ubone ukuvela ukuthuthukiswa, futhi nalo isikhundla indoda ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane akubalwa agcobhoze ku esidlule, ngoba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo - inqubo okwenzeka esizungezile njalo futhi yonke indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-bacterium zazo kalula libhujiswa penicillin akuzange kusize ngaphambili uthenge esisha, anenkani ukuma.

Abaphakanyisiwe Okuxhunyanwa Nabo

Nature decreed kanje: kangcono isilwane ingashintshwa ukuze nemibandela endaweni lapho uhlala, aba maningi amathuba ayo ukuze sisinde, angabi nabantwana futhi. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingane zakhe ifa kwezinso owenza isilwane kayise yimpumelelo ngakho kule ndawo lendawo. Lesitshalo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukujwayeza kangcono imvelo. Kukhona uhlobo olusha lwesitshalo, kunezinkulungwane noma izigidi zeminyaka, bese iyanyamalala. Evolution kuthatha isikhathi futhi zentokozo yezinguquko iphutha.

Izici ezingasiza ukuze usinde: isibonelo, - amazinyo engcono noma ubuchopho ngaphezulu - kungenzeka izilwane osanda kuzalwa ngeziphambeko njengoba okungahleliwe. Uma izici ezintsha ukukusiza ngempela ukuze siphile, futhi izilwane kungaba baphile isikhathi eside, noma siphila ezimweni lapho omele ezivamile izilwane ziyanyamalala ke lezi zimfanelo zize zidlulele ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lapho la makhono yizilwane ewusizo ngempela ukuthi baye kancane kancane azixoshe labo abangenawo kubo.

Imfundiso kaDarwin

Ngokusho imfundiso kaDarwin, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo akusho ukukhiqiza ngokuhamba sokuphila kwayo ikhophi ezifanayo uqobo. Ingane akawuthandi ikati umama akubukeki njenge nomama ikati, ngisho kakolweni zihlukile komunye nomunye. Uma sibheka kubo ngesibonakhulu noma amakhemikhali ukuhlaziywa, singabona Otherness yabo. Variability indaba ngoba ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo. Uma lezi izakhiwo adingekayo ukuze ukuphila kwesidalwa omusha, uyophila phila yesizukulwane sakhe, uma kungekhona - ukukhethwa zemvelo nabangenasihawu usisusa emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo, futhi ozokufa, ngamakhulu nangezinkulungwane abantu maladjusted. Uyini umbono yomuntu ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane? Ukukhethwa oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke bemvelo, kanye inkazimulo yayo ukuthweswa umqhele, yebo, ikhonza abantu.

Isikhundla indoda ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane

Abantu ubalwe njengenye wezinkawu, zazo zikhona ezingaphezu kuka-100, kuhlanganise nezinkawu, gorilla kanye nezimfene. Uma ucacise isikhundla yomuntu ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane - nezinkawu, okungukuthi chimpanzee ube nomuntu abaseduze zomkhaya, 98,4% izakhi zofuzo bona uvumelane. It is wafakazela ukuthi 2.6 mln. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule lahlukaniswa laba 2 amagatsha wezinkawu. 1 e Australopithecus, kamuva i yokuqothulwa, futhi 2 ngesimo somuntu ohlelweni zomhlaba isilwane - e -Homo habilis. Kuyaziwa ukuthi hominids lokuqala ikhona emhlabeni 3-5 mln. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Baningi ucwaningo, nesilinganiso, futhi imivubukulo senziwa ngesisekelo zabo, ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi isikhundla lomuntu ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane zibalwa phakathi kwengqondo hlobo lwezinkawu. Zonke wezinkawu babe izici ezivamile.

1. Sonke kufanele izandla nezinyawo kanye nezinzwane emihlanu ku ngamunye.
2. Have amazinyo ingashintshwa ukuze ukuhlafuna eziningi ezahlukene zokudla.
3. Zonke abelethe ikakhulu komunye ithole, okungenani - I-nezingane ezimbalwa.

Izimpawu yokuphila kwabantu ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane

Kodwa kunomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwazo.

1. ukwakheka kwabantu kuphela ekuhambeni uqotho ngezinyawo ezimbili, ngokufanele, isakhiwo ekhethekile yomgogodla, ukhalo, imilenze, izingalo, imisipha, kanye nezinye izitho.
2. Isandla womuntu uyakwazi ukufeza ukunyakaza eziningi ezahlukene kanye eqondile. skull Human ephakeme kanye round;
3. Cerebral ingxenye ugebhezi obusa phambi, has a ebunzini okusezingeni eliphezulu, nemihlathi ababuthakathaka ngamazinyo encane, kwesilevu okuchaza ngokucacile.
4. Ubuchopho bomuntu ithatha umthamo - 1800 cm3, okuyinto izikhathi 3 ubuchopho hlobo lwezinkawu. Umuntu evuthiwe ingxenye yobuchopho, okuyizinto izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwengqondo futhi inkulumo.

Umuntu wokuqala phakathi wezinkawu

Ngukhokho bokuqala - Australopithecus, wakwazi ukuhamba uzungeze i isikhundla uqotho. Ngenxa yalokhu, wayengase ayibambe bakhe amathuluzi esandleni nezikhali lasekuqaleni.

Ngokwe umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa ohlakaniphile kwenzeka ngokuzumayo ukubonakala kumuntu, lwaluvela umphumela ukuthuthukiswa eside nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, wathatha amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka. Ososayensi baye banikezwa igama "Homo sapiens" Umuntu uyazi ukuthi angalenza kanjani amathuluzi eziyisisekelo, futhi ayingcwabe esizwe nabo. Amathuluzi bakudala kunazo abangu lathed amatshe. iminyaka eyinkulungwane 500 edlule, abantu kakade iphathwa izingongolo zokhuni, abenze imikhonto. Futhi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 250 kuphela edlule kwakukhona ngembazo itshe.

iminyaka eyinkulungwane 50 edlule, safunda ulenzele izibani, eyayiqoshwe ematsheni, lapho esikhundleni fuel kwaba ukudla amafutha ezilwane, ngemva kwenye iminyaka eyinkulungwane 20 Kwakukhona umnsalo lokuqala nomcibisholo. Kusukela owaqalwa amadlozi uma kwezinhlobo "Homo sapiens" kuzuba ukuthuthukiswa okwenzeke phakathi eminyakeni million 14-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yaholela ekubeni ukuvela Australopithecus, owazi indlela yokusebenzisa izinto eziseduze izikhali, ngisho bazithobisa komunye umuthi wokwelapha aphansi.

ukukhula komuntu

Lapho wezinkawu zihlukaniswe kwamagatsha amabili: the zenyathi kuqala kuyinkambo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iye yaphenduka-Homo habilis, kanti owesibili - Australopithecus Africanus, i yokuqothulwa kamuva. Evolution ukwenze eqa, lapho kwakukhona uhlobo "indoda Ukugunda". Wayenezinkomo i ukucabanga aphansi inkulumo, abathwali oyinhloko wolwazi, okuyinto sebedlulisela izizukulwane ezizayo. Buka "yimani niqonde indoda" yavela Iminyaka eyinkulungwane 100. Edlule. hhayi zofuzo kodwa ngokusebenzisa impahla kanye yisenzakalo esingokomoya - Nge ukubonakala kwakhe inani Imininingwane ezibe nomthelela ukudalwa izinhlobo ezintsha ifa kuye kwanda kakhulu. a okunjalo Ubuchopho bomuntu ivolumu zazilingana 1250 cm3, kodwa kwemvelo yayo akagcinanga lapho. intuthuko yashesha izinguquko yemvelo waphawula ngalesi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane.

Uma ucabangela isikhundla yomuntu ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane kungenziwa kafushane bachazwa futhi ngalendlela.

Abantu abaningi basendulo wahlanganyela kule ukuhlangana nokuzingela. Baphila ukuphila ayimizulane, adle izitshalo futhi inyama yezilwane sondela bo dlela. Izindlu, ayesebenzisa emhumeni, kodwa okutholakele lasendulo basikisela ukuthi kule nkathi abangu esakhile izindlu lokuqala amagatsha. Esikhathini esithile izizwe waqaphela ukuthi ikhaya laphakade has eziningi eziwusizo. Endaweni ephephile ungayifihla amasheya ukudla ukuba nezikhathi belamba, ukuze bazivikele izakhi nasezilwaneni eziyingozi. Kulezi nemizana kulula ukuzwana nabo nomunye, kanye kulula ukuze aphebeze isitha. Ngo ukuvela ubuchopho bomuntu anda umzimba uhlasela. Kodwa impumelelo ezibaluleke kakhulu: abantu baye baba ngokuyisisekelo isenzo elakhiwa abantu abaningi, yezingxenye eyinhloko okuyinto umsebenzi, engqondweni futhi inkulumo, futhi lokhu umehluko oyinhloko abantu ezilwaneni.

Le ndoda nezwe isilwane

Isikhundla indoda ohlelweni emhlabeni isilwane has nethonya elinamandla emhlabeni. indoda Paleolithic uye ezingelwa, decimating manje izidalwa yokuqothulwa. Izilwane, izinyoni nezinhlanzi wanika abantu ukudla, izikhumba kwakungamadodana izingubo yokuqala, izicathulo kanye nezimpahla zasendlini. Selokhu abantu baqala ukudla inyama, bafunda indlela yokwenza umlilo, nezilwane ezinokuthula. Nge ngcono abazingeli izibhamu lwabo. izilwane okubangelwa abantu izilwane zasendle anda.

Evolution of zinhlobo begazi esikhathini sethu akanandaba nomuntu okunalokho kungazithinta global emvelweni. isikhundla Elomuntu zanamuhla nezilwane uhlelo athwala kwabo engozini ngoba nje zezinto eziphilayo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Ivela umsebenzi womuntu, futhi lihlotshaniswa izinguquko isilwane izindawo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu somhlaba, zizalela zinhlobo exotic ukusabalala kwezifo. Kungakhathaliseki umbala, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi ayilingani, abantu bonke kungokwalabo zohlobo olulodwa - "Homo sapiens". Ukuziphatha kwabantu ikhombisa indlela ukuziphendukela uye zahlelwa ukwenza, isibonelo, ubungabheka, ukugcwalisa esiswini, noma zeqe ingozi.

Evolution noma ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle?

Konke ibonakala ilula futhi icacile imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo imisuka womuntu. Noma kunjalo, ososayensi ungazange afinyelele kusivumelwano nokugomela obungenakuphikwa bokuthi kwakuyizwi Umfutho aphuma wezinkawu Homo sapiens.

Ngokusho nezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene kungaba ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle, ezifana ukweqa abameleli impucuko ezisemkhathini nge okhokho abantu noma ukulawula ukuvela amabutho superintelligence ezisemkhathini.

Ngenxa nabantu ohlakaniphile walakha umgoqo omkhulu: angakwazi ukuzinakekela, ukuba enze ukukhetha noma uthathe ingozi. Uyakwazi ukubhala, ukuqamba umculo, upende imibala. Begodu ekwakheni izindiza nemikhumbi isifundo le planethi, kanye mkhathi, isikhala ukuze ufunde.