Isikali Ifomu

I izakhiwo eyinhloko pathogen Umkhuhlane nezindlela yomazisi.

I-ejenti causative Umkhuhlane oyisihlobo somndeni orthomyxovirus, labonakala okokuqala ngo-1933 ngu-abacwaningi baseBrithani WS Smith, SN Andrewes, PP Laidlaw ngu intranasal ferrets ezimhlophe impahla ehlungiwe etholwe ezigulini nge Umkhuhlane.

Ngo-1940, T. Fransis noT P. Maqill ngokuzimela ezikhonjwe umkhuhlane virus, okuyinto eziningi izakhiwo begazi yehluke ozinikele ngo-1933, futhi ngo-1947 R. M. Taylor wathola haemagglutinating ejenti - "Izingxabano 1233 ", ezikhonjwe njengoba umkhuhlane virus, kodwa ehlukene kusukela amagciwane behlukaniswe 1933 no-1940. Lezi amagciwane zazinophawu le zesi-Latin zamagama: A, B, C no ngamunye okufanelekela njengenhlangano serotype ezimele.

I orthomyxovirus umndeni kuchasiselwe Umkhuhlane amagciwane kuphela ebonakala khona udonga lwangaphandle futhi RNA okuqukethwe nucleocapsid eyindilinga. I yangaphandle viral imvilophi glycoprotein siqukethe isakhiwo (hemagglutinin - H neyraminidazy- futhi N), ebangela izakhiwo ezithathelwanayo kanye antigenic igciwane. Gene Umkhuhlane virus yakhiwa 8 izingxenye single-balahleke, ububanzi we ribonucleoprotein eyindilinga kwangaphakathi (RNP) ku uhla 9 NM. amagciwane ezahlukene A, B, C RNP antigen, okungadingi ukuwela kokunye khambi.

Manje waqaphela ukuthi umndeni orthomyxovirus siqukethe izizukulwane ezimbili: umkhuhlane virus, okuyinto zihlanganisa amagciwane A no-B, bese kunemibandela umkhuhlane virus (S. Ya Gaydamovich, 1982.).

Igciwane emelelwa serotypes eziningana futhi ezahlukeneyo antigenic, okuyinto zingafani Ukwakheka hemagglutinin ne-neuraminidase. Lokhu igciwane ithelela kokubili abantu nezilwane. Ngaphansi ngezigaba entsha (1980) izinhlobo hemagglutinin A ngeziqu zezinombolo kusuka 1 kuya n, kanye neuraminidase kusuka 1 kuya 8. hemagglutinin 1, 2, 3, neuraminidase 1, 2 ungachazwa igciwane womuntu main, kanye nezinye izinhlobo surface antigen ( H futhi N1) ezitholakele amagciwane ezithelela izilwane (amahhashi, izingulube, izinkomo, izinkawu, izinja, nezinhlobo zezinyoni).

Okwamanje, encazelweni Umkhuhlane A amagciwane ngempela zibonisa uhlobo hemagglutinin ne-neuraminidase, namagama abo musa njalo zivumelana ngesilwane esifuywayo 1971 Ithebula. 1 imibukiso entsha abizwa hemagglutinin ne-neuraminidase umkhuhlane virus athathwe ngo-1980, uma kuqhathaniswa efanayo. haemagglutinin Human KODWA, hemagglutinin H1 kanye ingulube NSw1 ezihlanganiswe hemagglutinin H1, hemagglutinin futhi abantu NT hemagglutinin amahhashi kanye nezinkukhu (HAV Neq 2 futhi 7) -ukuze hemagglutinin NC. AA Smorodintsev et al (1981) kubhekwa emthethweni sihlanganise glycoproteins kwabantu nezilwane kwelinye serotype.

Esinye Ummeleli we uhlobo umkhuhlane virus igciwane owema kuze 1979 ngendlela ehlukile uhlobo lwe B serotypes e igciwane khona. Kunezinhlobo antigenic ngaphakathi serotype.

Rhode umkhuhlane virus G limelela C igciwane Amagciwane yalesi bohlobo okungenani wafunda kuzo zonke orthomyxovirus umndeni. UBANI Expert Group (W. Dowdle, F. Davenport, N. Fukum, 1975) kufakwe leli gciwane njengoba "uhlanga moya" kulo mndeni. Isici nobuntu igciwane ebukhoneni glycoprotein e udonga lwangaphandle. Njengengxenye igciwane akulona neuraminidase enzyme, nakuba kukhona enzyme retseptororazrushayuschy (RRE), ngokugcwele Otley-aspirants kusukela neuraminidase viral ezaziwayo. Igciwane unalo ikhono ongaphakeme okuzivumelanisa Chick umbungu amaseli bese cell kwamasiko ahlukahlukene. Umbungu amnion iphuphu eba ke ezingeni lokushisa 33 ° C for 3-4 izinsuku bayashintshana ekufukameleni, amaseli abomvu egazi musa agglutinate ingulube Guinea, kahle adsorbed phezu inkukhu erythrocyte. Ukuze ugweme elution okusheshayo igciwane nge ebusweni erythrocyte, kuyadingeka serological ukuhlolwa hemagglutination setha ashisa ongaphakeme.

Uma A no B amagciwane libhekene ushintsho antigenic isakhiwo ukuzungeza vivo, ngoba ukwehlukahlukana igciwane antigenic ongakabi imakwe. Kunikezelwa ngo-1947, 1974, 1977. zamagciwane ezifanayo.

Kahle abakhethiwe ngomthamo ifomu (lekform) kuzokusiza ukwazi ukubhekana ezihlukahlukene Amagciwane umkhuhlane. Ekhethiwe ngomthamo ifomu kuzokusiza kuphela uma kukhethwe udokotela, hhayi eyakho.