Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, Suzdal: isithombe, ikheli, Amahora okuvula, umlando

Uma wake ayelapho umuzi ngokwawo emnyuziyamu, lokhu Suzdal. Umlando walo engenakulibaleka akuzange nje liyalondolozwa encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, kodwa futhi namuhla izikhumbuzo angamakhulu amathathu ayingxenye uVladimir-Suzdal eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwo ubudala.

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius - omunye zasendulo esidala kakhulu bokwakha, okuyinto has umlando walo 'wokuphila ", njengoba emzini ngokwayo.

Suzdal

Suzdal Rich wawuyingxenye omkhulu Kievan Rus, kodwa unyaka ekusungulweni edolobheni alwaziwa. Ngokokuqala ngqá ke ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11 encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, isitshela indaba ongumlimi izibhelu.

Isungulwe esizeni i ukuhweba nemizana ngaphambili, Suzdal waqala ukukhula ngokushesha. ukwakhiwa aso eqala, efana emadolobheni esikhathini esiningi, ne ezibiyele, kwakhiwa emhlabeni amakhaya okuyinto. Suzdal ngaqhubeka ngomklamo ofanayo ukuthuthukiswa, njengoba kwakunjalo nasendulo, nakuba yashiswa izikhathi eziningana.

Ngokokuqala ngqá lokhu kuye kwenzeka ngenxa yezimpi zombango we Chernigov Prince Oleg nezindlalifa Vladimira Monomaha. futhi kabusha, Suzdal kamuva ngishiswa namaMongol 1238. nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo entsha kwaqala ekhulwini le-14, lapho-ke uJesu akabanga nje ngokuba idolobha elicebe kakhulu, kodwa futhi maphakathi lwenkolo yobuKristu. Ngokwesibonelo, elakhiwa ngo-1352, Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, amathempeli eminingi tenements kanye Pokrovsky Monastery bakhangwa pilgrims namakholwa avela kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Ngemva eMoscow baba isayithi wezikhulu eMoscow, Suzdal elahlekile enkazimulweni yayo yangaphambili, waba edolobheni yesifundazwe, ngakho namuhla Museum yangempela yezakhiwo. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ayizange wathinta le ndawo enhle, ngakho-ke kuyinto gem edumile izivakashi umzila "Golden Ring of Russia".

sezindela Isakhiwo

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, omlando wakhe kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-14, yasungulwa ngomthetho Prince Boris, owayebusa ngaleso sikhathi Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal ubukhulu. Ekuqaleni kwakuwumuzi igama isimo koMsindisi, kodwa inkumbulo Abbot Euphemia, ngubani ephethwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50, iqanjwe kabusha. Ekuqaleni ezenziwe ngokhuni, laseSaint Euthymius sezindela lavuselelwa futhi ngekhulu le-16 nokusetshenziswa isitini futhi kuleli fomu kwaqhubeka kukhona kwaze kwaba namuhla.

Indawo Isigodlo phezu lomfula Kamenka, futhi ohlangothini enyakatho yedolobha kwakubaluleke zamasu. Kuvalelwe ku amamitha 1200 ngodonga eziqinile nemibhoshongo unogada, Isigodlo Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) kwaba ngempela impi inqaba nokuvikelwa izakhamuzi ezisemadolobheni.

Lezi zindonga emhlabeni sezindela ezakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17, no-12 ticongotekulindza nge izintuba ngesikhathi kwakungamadodana amakhulu kunawo wonke endaweni esifundazweni uVladimir. I enkulu lingumbhoshongo travel, obude kuyinto 22 metres. Kuyinto umnyango ethempelini, nakuba isakhiwo sayo wenza lo msebenzi Gate Bandla Annunciation, okuyinto engena Isigodlo Saint Euthymius futhi kwaba ngaphakathi kwezindonga. Ngesikhathi izinkinga ukwakhiwa oluqinisayo ezinjalo wezindela yayidingeka ngempela, ngoba Orthodox amasonto ebakhipha abahlaseli kuhlasela.

izakhiwo Izigodlo: the isimo Cathedral

Namuhla Isigodlo Saint Euthymius (Suzdal edolobheni) has 14 esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, okuyinto ezigcinwe kahle.

Lesi sakhiwo itshe lokuqala kwaba iSonto koMsindisi, elakhiwa ngo-eminyakeni 1507-1511 ku anawo wesigodlo lokuqala sezindela - Euphemia. Lapho koMsindisi isimo Cathedral, ke ongene oyiyo babe indlwana lakhiwa 1564.

Namuhla-ke akuyona nje lombhishobhi zamanje, kodwa futhi isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele lathumela, lapho eqoshiwe wadala ngekhulu le-16. abalulekile kakhulu Umdwebo we izindonga ezenziwe amakhosi ezinkulu ezivela Kostroma amabutho Savina futhi Guriem Nikitinym (engu-17). Ngesikhathi inhliziyo eqoshiwe - Biography of St Euthymius, futhi lo mfanekiso ka Grand Prince Vsevoloda Vladimirskogo. Izithombe zamakhosi akwa-Mikhail Fedorovich nangokuthi Alexei Mikhailovich futhi ingxenye indaba ezinemibala mural.

I amahle lombhishobhi elimhlophe-itshe, ingxenye Isigodlo Saint Euthymius e Suzdal (kabani ikheli: Lenin Street, 148a), iyindawo ukugcina izinsalela ezingcwele St Euphemia. Aphumula kwenziwe ngo-1823, i-reliquary esiliva.

Futhi, isimo Cathedral emangcwabeni Dmitriya Pozharskogo nomkhaya wakhe. Lapha zigcinwa kokungokwakhe elithekelisiwe lombhishobhi - indwangu, okuyinto kokwesikhulu mathupha efekethisiwe, kanye nomkakhe kanye Gospel nge oqoshiwe.

emnyango umbhoshongo

Ngokungafani nezinye kwemibhoshongo okokufaka has simise sikwele. It is ngaphakathi akhiwe ngezitini ezibomvu futhi ngokomfanekiso ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye engezansi a kakhulu kuyinto bandwidth futhi siqukethe amavesi amabili arched kusukela Kyoto phezu kwabo.

Ingxenye engenhla basembhoshongweni nenhle ngaphezulu. Njengoba kwabonakala esekude (isakhiwo ukuphakama 22 metres), isihlanganisi Phezulu kwakubhalwe ehlotshisiwe architraves futhi "Leli bhande" eyakhiwe ngezitini, okuyinto wawunika "ukudlala" ezithile futhi umusa.

Iphela yokungena umbhoshongo ophahleni hipped. Ekhulwini le-17-ke balinyazwa umbani futhi Akazange abuyiselwe iminyaka eminingi. Ukubuyiselwa eyenziwa ngo-1860, namanje walondoloza kahle.

Namuhla, on-site travel nemengamo tinsita ithikithi futhi sezincwadi.

Umbhoshongo sezindela insimbi

isonto ngalinye has ukukhala yaso ehlukile of izinsimbi, kanye Suzdal Isigodlo Saint Euthymius iyathinteka. Belfry ukwakhiwa Orthodox ngokwako yonke indaba, njengoba yakhiwe futhi ngezikhathi ezihlukene futhi letindlela nemasu lahlukene yezakhiwo.

Ingxenye yokuqala ye-Belfry - okubizwa ngokuthi insimbi stolpovaya Church of Ioanna Predtechi. Isakhiwo ine 9 ubuso, okuyinto into evamile evamile isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, njalo i ngisho inani engeli. Ngokusho yetinsita igama layo lihlotshaniswa nokuzalwa kukaJohane 4.

Yayincane, insimbi yesonto besihloselwe nokuvuma ezo grand namakhosi.

Kuyinto igalari lapho isikhulu ungase azithalalise, ukugwema zabaningi namakholwa. It uxhuma ibandla arhimadrita endlini futhi iwashi umbhoshongo. I izinsimbi kwekhulu le-16, ngeshwa, hhayi liyalondolozwa njengoba behamba ngesikebhe zithunyelwa smelter ngo-1932. Ngaphambili, babengabokuqala isignali ngenxa yabazalwane ukuya iyodla ngaphandle noma umthandazo. Namuhla, umsindo izinsimbi ushayele sithembekile kuze kube enkonzweni isimo Cathedral eseduze.

Assumption Refectory Church

Malungana Belfry I Assumption Refectory isonto, okuyinto ngomunye wabokuqala eRussia etendeni yezakhiwo izakhiwo. Yakhiwa 1525 futhi has ngakolunye uhlangothi indlwana ngesimo isonto insika-like, ogama lakhe behlonipha umfel 'ukholo Diomede, futhi ngakolunye - igumbi we Refectory kokuba sagibela ophahleni.

Ingxenye engezansi izindela esetshenziselwa izidingo yasendlini, ngenkathi indlu engenhla kwaba Refectory.

Lelibandla ngomusa adjoins umzimba arhimandritsky, okuyinto ekuqaleni eyakhelwe izidingo yengcebo, kodwa ngekhulu le-18 kwaba a Archimandrite bukhoma, futhi kwaba isakhiwo sokuhlala. Eyakhelwe ukuma uhlamvu "G", izindlu has a wamapulangwe ngokuba "ukuvakasha", okusekelwa zamatshe.

Ngesikhathi kweNyuka Refectory isonto edwetshwe ngaphakathi ne eqoshiwe, abangasizakalanga ngakho wasinda wakwazi ukulandisa namuhla.

isonto St Nicholas

Ibandla yasekuqaleni Nikolaya Chudotvortsa senziwa ngokhuni lakhiwa uxhumano ekunwetshweni Isigodlo namanje ngesikhathi wesigodlo kuqala. Kusukela Isigodlo Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) waziwa ngalé kwemingcele yayo, izindela eziningi ezintsha weza emhlabeni ngenjongo yokukhonza iNkosi kule ndawo ngaphansi kokuqondisa umeluleki ohlakaniphile.

Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa kwaba ngaphansi emiphongolweni ezinkulu, Refectory ukuthi elikulo, owawukwazi ukuthwala abantu abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ibizwa ngokuthi isonto esibhedlela, njengoba kwakunjalo iseduze umzimba nge amaseli I-izindela ogulayo, walala izivakashi we sezindela.

Stone Church of St Nicholas, nge elakhelene izakhiwo zalo esibhedlela, futhi ngakhulela 1669. Siqukethe isonto elilodwa-oluyingungu nge olungaphambili lwesonto ukuthi lihlotshiswe zakomary futhi ukulungisa izici ezintsha.

Ibandla kwabuyiselwa ezimbili, futhi kowezi-2000 isishintshanisiwe ngokuphelele kophahla sokhuni ngesineke sonke olungaphambili lwesonto.

Mausoleum Pozharskys

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, ogama kheli: Vladimir Region, Suzdal, uLenin Street, 148a, saba yindawo uhlezi hero enkulu Russian Dmitriya Pozharskogo nomkhaya wakhe. Wembelwa 1642, futhi phezu ithuna lendodana yakhe John, nomshana Petr Hovansky, ezo grand, wakha ethuneni. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka engu-100 ethuneni ukhohlwe, waqala awela labhidlika, ngenxa kwathiwa adiliza, netshe elasetshenziselwa izidingo yesigodlo.

Ngo 1851, Ukubala umvubukuli Uvarov wahola uhambo kuya Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, futhi nguye othole izinsalela Crypt nge emathuneni amane itshe. Ababili babo kwakungekaNkulunkulu indodana nomshana Dmitriya Pozharskogo, futhi ezimbili - hero yena nomkakhe.

Ngo 1852, zonke emathuneni avuleka ngokucophelela wahlola. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuthola okuyinto wabo Dmitry Pozharsky. Wakhonjwa by izingubo kancane agcinwe.

Ngokuhamba izinsalela izimfundiso requiem olwenziwa, okwathi ngemva kwalokho bonke amathuna abangu kabusha ivaliwe, nangaphezulu nabo 1858 saqala ukwakha Mausoleum ngomyalo wabaholi kombusi Alexander 2. Ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngezithukuthuku iminikelo abantu. Umqhele Mausoleum lwalwenziwa 1885.

Phakathi Soviet inkathi ethuneni labhujiswa futhi, njengoba ngo-1933, Isigodlo Saint Euthymius waba leziboshwa zezombusazwe.

Eminyakeni 70 yekhulu lama-20 kwi indawo yokungcwaba Pozharsky itshe yesikhumbuzo ifakiwe, kanye kuphela kusukela ngo-2007 waqala sokubuyiselwa esiqondile Mausoleum we lokusinda izinhlelo, imidwebo nezithombe. Namuhla, yena liyingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo Monastery.

castle ejele

Kusukela 1766 esigodlweni sezindela uvele cellblock, esekelwe esinqumweni Catherine 2. Ekuqaleni, yayihloselwe ukuba lezi zihlubuki 'osangene', phakathi babo ababengebona abalimi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba abantu abazalwa yizicukuthwane, isibonelo, Decembrist Prince uPetru Shakhovskoy.

Kamuva, yayihloselwe yabefundisi eliyisihlubuki ukwahlukana, futhi kusukela ngo-1923 kuya ku-1939, isibe yisivikelo leziboshwa zezombusazwe.

Namuhla, kula izindonga kuyinto Museum memory iziboshwa njengoba izikhathi Russia yasebukhosini kanye ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kaStalin. Exposition Museum ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana wokuphila, kweminyaka eboshiwe futhi ukufa 'izakhamuzi' zawo edume kunazo zonke, phakathi kwabo ososayensi, abavukeli nalabo yabefundisi kulokhu.

eziyinkimbinkimbi anobuhlobo

Okubizwa ngokuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi ahambisanayo namaklabhu ayesakha, okuyinto iyisonto amaseli izindela. Yakhelwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, kuba isakhiwo esiqinile, okuyizo kuphela umhlobiso ukulungisa izici ezintsha phezu emafasiteleni.

Lesi sakhiwo esinezitezi ezimbili, elakhiwa ngo ukuma uhlamvu "G", welula kanye odongeni esisempumalanga sezindela. amaseli elincane endaweni enomunyu izindela, futhi namuhla bakwazi ingabonwa ukubazi ukuphila kwabo emzini wezindela ngaleso sikhathi.

Towers izindonga

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius (isithombe kuqinisekisa lokhu) kuze kube namuhla igcinwe imibhoshongo yalo futhi izindonga. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ngaphandle okokufaka abe ukuma isiyingi nge izintuba. Nakuba ezindongeni sezindela ezakhiwa emhlabeni onamandla, abazange sezithotshiselwe phansi ekuvinjezelweni.

Abakhi ngekhulu le-17 lapho wakucabangela ukwakhiwa isimo sezwe okwakhiwe kuyo isakhiwo Orthodox. Ngakho, udonga elibheke emfuleni Kamenka, ngempela ongaphakeme, kodwa akunjalo ohlangothini lwaseningizimu eyengame lesi sigodi. Lapha, isakhiwo iphezulu kakhulu futhi mkhulu, kuba namandla okumelana umlilo izibhamu.

Ubude 1200 metres izindonga, okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi abalulekile isakhiwo ukuzivikela nge izintuba, izintuba nemibhoshongo observation.

UVladimir-Suzdal eziyinkimbinkimbi

UVladimir-Suzdal Historical Museum yasungulwa ngo-1958. Kuhlanganisa esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo of Old bokwakhiwa Russian kwedolobha uVladimir, Suzdal futhi Bogolyubov.

Isigodlo Saint Euthymius baba ingxenye Museum-Reserve 1968 asesimweni esibi kakhulu, kusukela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-45 wayengumuntu ejele ngenxa iziboshwa zezombusazwe, zazifakwa kwezindiza ezashiywa isikhathi abasha.

Ukubuyiselwa Isigodlo avunyelwe ukulondoloza leli somlando bokwakha, manje evakashela izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Okukhulu kakhulu namuhla

amadoda Akusebenzi namuhla Isigodlo Saint Euthymius, ogama amahora ukusebenza - kusukela 10.00 kuya 18,00 (nsuku zonke ngaphandle ngoMsombuluko), ejabulisa izivakashi ekhonsathini izinsimbi njalo ngehora kanye ukuvezwa amaningi.

Kusukela ngo-1991, indlu yezindela sasitholakala njengoba uhlelo lemihlaba UNESCO futhi usezuze isimo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele Museum.