Isethelayithi Mars - yokwesaba?

Mars, unkulunkulu iqanjwe impi, has iziphuphutheki enegama ezifanele: Deimos (ukuhumusha - "horror") futhi Phobos (lokhu 'kwesaba'). Okunabileko kuyinto satellite lokuqala Mars, ososayensi unesithakazelo ikakhulukazi 70-s kwekhulu elidlule. Imibono ukubeka phambili ngemvelaphi esigaxeni, bafanelwe, okungenani, incwadi onohlonze "a la eqanjiwe"). Uzenzela ...

Isikhala imibuthano eU.S. ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union baye basikisela ukuthi Phobos, satellite of Mars, zimane nje njengenhlangano yokufakelwa into, isikhala impi esiteshini, phezulu iplanethi efile abomvu, njengoba isikhumbuzi abesabekayo kanye kwenzeka isikhala impi.

Kwasikiselwa phambili emva izifundo lokuqala Phobos ngesikhathi esifanayo, e-70 American ucwaningo iyunithi ngaphansi kwegama "amaViking". On izithombe etholwe ukunakwa lapho kungekho muntu onaka. Ekuqaleni Angizange ngimkhokhele ... Yini isithakazelo kungadala ingxenye yinhlama ububanzi km 28 kuphela? Ngokusho amazinga gallakticheskim lokhu satellite of Mars kwakumane senkulungwane uhlamvu lwenhlabathi. Kodwa ngemva kwesifundo eningiliziwe izingxenye evulekile, labo ababebanga ukuba ukumangala lososayensi amadoda. Beka umkhawulo isinqumo enezithombe bavunyelwe cabanga ... uchungechunge imigodi yezintaba-mlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge welulela e wekugcina, imigqa emibili ngqo. Izazi zezinkanyezi wayecabanga ukuthi lokhu umsebenzi wokuqala mlilo, bephawula Ngokwesibonelo zenyanga. Satellites, ngokuvumelana ithiyori yabo, imigodi yezintaba-mlilo imigqa ukunweba omise parallel amaplanethi. Kodwa Phobos ezizathwini waphikisa sebekubeke, ngokusebenzisa imigodi yezintaba-mlilo zayo zitholakala cishe perpendicular indlela ukundiza satellite.

Omunye umbono kumnandi lashintshwa elinye iqembu. Okokuqala yanquma ukuthi satellite kungenzeka mlilo, kodwa lokhu Kubonakala kungenakwenzeka: Phobos osayizi kukhona azinakwa! Khona-ke wenza nokucabanga ezilandelayo: satellite bangiphonsa emkhathini. Kodwa edonswa yini amandla babewa ngakho ngobunono, ukwakha rovnenkie uchungechunge?

Isethelayithi Mars wahosha ukunakwa Iosifa Shklovskogo, isazi sezindikimba ezisemkhathini Soviet, oye wanquma ukuba sifeze izibalo Phobos ezinyakazayo. It bokushesha kakhulu, leli jubane ngosuku - ukujikisa okuthathu egcwele ngaphakathi wo orbit! yayo nesivinini Ukujikeleza wayemude kakhulu kwesilinganiso Mars. Nokucabanga elandelayo wayengekho ngaphansi kumnandi: ukulondoloza ngesivinini Phobos ... kumele kube eziyize. Ingabe ngempela kwaba sasemkhathini?

Kakade ekuqa- 90s, lokhu conjecture ibilokhu ihlukaniswe futhi Air Force uColonel Marina Popovich. Bakholelwa ukuthi Phobos - satellite yokufakelwa, waphoqwa ukuba ngokushesha oluthathwa idatha kusuka kudivayisi "Phobos-2", okuqondene eSoviet Union. Ukuze ubone lezi idatha kwakunzima kakhulu - zokuxhumana, wasiza umyeni wakhe uPawulu.

Manje bambalwa abantu ukukhumbula kwethulwa amadivayisi amabili anamagama ezifanayo "Phobos-1" analog "Phobos-2". Esokuqala kwaba hhayi ndizela Mars ngenxa yokulimala, kanti eyesibili befinyelela umgomo, kodwa phambi rapprochement nge uxhumano satellite ngokuzumayo aphazamisekile. Nokho, nezithombe ezimbalwa ukuze zonke ephethwe. Omunye sithombe eyomphakathi by the media futhi laba impahla ezivamile. Kwaba kuyabonakala isithunzi okweqanda baziqondise yeplanethi i-Mars. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi kwaba kakhulu Phobos, Mars satellite. Kodwa igama elithi "isithunzi" kwabangela abanye ochwepheshe ukumamatheka engabaza, ngoba kwesithunzi kwakungeyona kahle akachazeki by an ikhamera infrared etholakala kudivayisi. Kwahlelwa uSomandla wasithatha khona izinto ezishisayo. Kodwa, nge ncazelo, umthunzi efudumele umane akukwazi. Khona-ke kwaba yini?

Kodwa yesibili (imfihlo) isithombe etholwe ngokushesha ngaphambi ukulahlekelwa uxhumano. Kwaba isithombe into cylindrical giant uhlanganyela ebusweni Phobos. Ubukhulu abangu idolo ngempela: 1.5 km ububanzi futhi km 20 eside! Marina Popovich wacabanga yini into labhujiswa, "Phobos-2", ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka izifundo satellite. Kwathi nje lapho machine Izikali kabusha phezu Phobos.

Enye isiqinisekiso yokuthi othile bephikelela kuphazamise cwaningo, kwaba ngo-1993 Ngesizathu esithile, ngo-August 22 kwalowo nyaka, ngokungazelelwe saphela yezokusakaza ngakolunye, apharathasi American "Mars Observer", eyayiseSwitzerland emzileni iplanethi i-Mars. Satellites ezingazange wafunda.

It kushabalele, futhi umzamo ngonyaka odlule ukuze uqalise "Phobos-ibhodle".

Mhlawumbe esiphambanweni wabekwa isikhathi sokucwaninga. Kodwa likhona ithemba ephansi isabelomali NASA "Mars Global Surveyor" futhi "Mars Atfaynder" ezakha amabalazwe eningiliziwe Mars. Noma kunjalo, ungakaqali ukufunda Phobos. Yini lokhu? Inkolelo-ze? Noma-United States inenani ulwazi iphoqe lukugweme ucwaningo?

Zikhona nezinye izinguqulo umsuka iziphuphutheki: Phobos futhi Deimos kungaba umphumela enhlekeleleni cosmic. Asteroids ngandlela-thile yawela emzileni Mars wahlala inkambu okudonsa izinto. Noma mhlawumbe, Phobos liyingxenye Mars? Kodwa ukuthatha okungenani eyodwa izinguqulo, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izinguqulo ezandulele idatha futhi ...