Isendlalelo phakathi siqukethe imithambo imisipha transversely striated yegazi izakhiwo

Kusukela kuvulwa e udokotela XVII ekhulwini IsiZulu ukutholakala uWilliam Harvey sika yomthetho we ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha ngesayense, kwatholakala ukuthi umzimba inohlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi izakhi conductive. Kuyinto emithanjeni, ama-capillary nokuvaleka kwemithambo yomuntu. Sinenkosi uhlelo olulodwa kwesakhiwo, njengoba ngesikhathi embryogenesis kwakhiwa komunye lwegciwane ungqimba - mesoderm. Ngenxa umehluko nemisebenzi eyenziwa uhlobo oluthile izitsha, base ezinye izici isakhiwo. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila izakhiwo ezithile imithambo yegazi abathintekayo ayesekhona ezincane nezinkulu.

Njengoba kwakhiwa lwemithambo odongeni

amashubhu Nezimo, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi nokunwebeka ukuthi hamba kusukela inhliziyo - a Umthambo womuntu. Ngokusho kwakhe igazi luhamba bonke kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, ngokuletha amaseli nge mpilo nezakhi: glucose, amino acid, glycerol futhi fatty acid. Kanyekanye kuthatha imikhiqizo umzimba amaselula, nesikhutha. Kuzo zonke izitsha uhamba lwemithambo yegazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ngesivinini sezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze ugcine ubuqotho izindonga Umthambo kumelwe babe namandla kakhulu. Sinenkosi isakhiwo emithathu ungqimba, okuyinto sizobheka kabanzi.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Three igobolondo bomkhumbi: elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi, kukhona umehluko echaza imisebenzi eyenziwa kubo. Ngakho, olwelwesini yakhiwa ezicutshini okuxekethile, kwalapho osendlini. Kwakuyintokozo yodwa, sadlula kubo, kubangela ushintsho mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we Umthambo, othinta Inkomba wegazi ngaphakathi isitsha. Isendlalelo phakathi siqukethe imithambo striated zemicu futhi iqukethe bushelelezi kwemisipha izicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho zikhona e imithambo imicu zezinzwa eliqukethe mithambo ine-elastin amaprotheni. Ngenxa ukusikwa futhi aziphumulele ungqimba kwemisipha yegazi inesikhala izinguquko. It is kulawulwa yezinzwa ka autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa. Ngakho, excitation division nozwela kubangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo, futhi parasympathetic - yokukhulisa ubukhulu babo. Inner ungqimba ezitsheni ngokuyisisekelo siqukethe okukhethekile zezinzwa izicubu - endothelium, has a surface bushelelezi kakhulu futhi inikeza ngezimo ekahle enomopho nalokho. Njengoba singabona, zonke zamatshe odongeni lwemithambo engcono usebenze umsebenzi ukudluliswa igazi ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ngesivinini.

Cabangela lezi zitsha ezibaluleke kakhulu lwemithambo emzimbeni womuntu. Lezi zihlanganisa i-aorta, yamaphaphu nezitsha yenhliziyo.

I-aorta

Njengoba Umthambo elikhulu umzimba, le-aorta liphuma i-ventricle engakwesobunxele futhi ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amathathu; ekuntweleni, lwaleli futhi igatsha ukwehla. Zinikeza egazini labo bonke izibilini nezicubu. Ingcindezi kwalo kungukuchotshozwa 120-150 mm HG. Art. Ukuze amelane imithelela kusuka izingxenye unomphela igazi ukhiphe ngokusuka enhliziyweni, ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo siqukethe enamandla lwemithambo kwemisipha izicubu, uqede vibration engadingeki futhi kunikela kwegazi. Kufinyeta Rhythmic odongeni yomthambo i-aorta kungathola zangaphandle ishayela kumba ngesikhathi Umthambo osabalalayo ka esihlakaleni kwesokunxele. Thinning ungqimba ngezicubu zomzimba, ukulahlekelwa kuyaqina phambili ekuthuthukiseni useshonile yomthambo i-aorta - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu simele usongo ekuphileni futhi kusaqalwa asinazo izimpawu ezicacile. Lokhu inkimbinkimbi the ekuhlonzweni nasekwelashweni sifo kungatholakala usebenzisa indlela ezifana ultrasound imithambo.

yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini

obomvu umbala, ayegcwele umoya-mpilo nezakhi lwemithambo yegazi uhamba ngokusuka enhliziyweni ngokusebenzisa le-aorta. Lapha iqala kwegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa ngokuhlukana le-aorta ku amagatsha amathathu, igazi ageleza eya izinhlaka zonke izinhlelo bokuphila. Kukhona encane, okuthiwa yamaphaphu, umbuthano, kusukela i-ventricle yangakwesokudla. Kule kufika Umthambo yamaphaphu, ethwala amabhamuza alveolar wamaphaphu igazi emithambo yegazi esiye baqoqa yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi umthambo ozwakala kwegazi. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ohlangothini lwesokunene inhliziyo kuyigazi emithambo yegazi, ingxenye okuyinto adedelwa Umthambo yamaphaphu. Ukucindezelwa futhi ngempela high, nakuba ngaphansana le-aorta.

Isendlalelo phakathi siqukethe myofibrils Umthambo imisipha bushelelezi izicubu, nese nokunwebeka fibre amaprotheni. On the amagatsha kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla yamaphaphu igazi emithambo yegazi emaphashini lapho negesi lokushintshisana senzeka: carbon dioxide ngolimi ngaphakathi komgodi we-alveoli futhi lingene egazini lisabalalisa zomoya-mpilo ezixhunywe ne sombala zokuphefumula - hemoglobin.

Njengoba ubona, umfula yamaphaphu, zinengxenye yokujikeleza kwegazi eliya emaphashini, sithwala igazi elinikeza emithambo yegazi emaphashini.

izitsha yenhliziyo

Inhliziyo - omunye imizimba enamandla kunazo kwemisipha ukusebenza atishaye. Linikeza igazi wonke umzimba, kodwa futhi isidingo kokuthola ungaphazanyiswa izidakamizwa trophic kanye nomoya-mpilo. Ukuze afeze umsebenzi wayo esibalulekile emzimbeni has siqu semithambo uhlelo lwayo.

Kuhlanganisa amagatsha Umthambo lovela ingxenye kokuqala le-aorta ngokuthi isibani. Umlomo izitsha yenhliziyo zitholakala nje ngemuva valve yomthambo i-aorta, okuyinto akuvumeli igazi emuva ku-i-ventricle engakwesobunxele senhliziyo. Ngokusebenzisa izitsha yenhliziyo ngelanga ukhuphukela amalitha 500 legazi, lokhu kubonisa umsebenzi onzima, okuyinto kuncike uhlelo kokuphakelwa kwegazi inhliziyo. Isendlalelo phakathi siqukethe imithambo kwemisipha ne imicu enwebekayo yezicubu ngaleyo ndlela ukuthuthukiswa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi noma njalo spasm okungazelelwe bangase balahlekelwe kuyaqina. Kulokhu mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi kuyehla, okuyinto kuphakamisa ingxenye senhliziyo esilimele necrosis - isilethikusebenza.

umfutho wegazi

Ngaphambili, sathola ukuthi imithambo yegazi ezihambayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ngesivinini. Umfutho wegazi ezihlobene izigaba inhliziyo: systole futhi diastole, futhi evamile ithoni semithambo cishe elilingana 120/70 mm HG. Art. It is kulinganiswa ku ingcindezi gauge we Umthambo brachial. Uma izindonga imithambo unciphise, ithoni yabo luyanda kanye nokucindezela iyakhula. isimo esinjalo sokugembula ngokuthi nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. It kuholela nomthwalo imisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi supply yayo thuthuva ngaphandle ukwelashwa okufanelekile kungabangela isifo senhliziyo.

Kuleli phephandaba sitadisha isakhiwo lemithambo nezici ezimisiwe ukusebenza kwawo emzimbeni womuntu.