Intifada - ukuhamba nenkani Arabhu. Uyini Intifada

Ingxabano Arab-Israeli ingenye ngobukhulu behlomile izingxabano zezombangazwe, kwaphela isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye leminyaka kungasimamisi isimo eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Intifada - lokhu ingenye iziqephu yesiteleka kakhulu le mpi. Kubonakaliswa ngokwayo ezenzweni yokungalaleli civil, futhi ngqo isinyathelo abahlomile izinhlangothi aphikisanayo. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani kabanzi lokho Intifada, walandela Ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo wakhe.

Umlando we izingxabano Arab-Israeli

Kodwa ukuba aqale abe nomqondo nendlela enembe kakhudlwana isimo ezaholela ukuvela Umsunguli wale nhlangano, sidinga lokumba umlando ingxabano Arab-Israeli.

Nakuba izingxabano phakathi kwamaJuda Arabhu elasePalestina ziye zenzeka kusukela ekupheleni wons Okokuqala Umhlaba, ngokwezinga yangempela bazitholela kuphela ngemva kokwakhiwa nombuso wakwa-Israyeli ngo-1948. Ngokwe-lesinqumo le-UN enkulu kulowo mhlaba asePalestina ihlanganisa ukwenziwa isimo Arab, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana lo mbono ayizange bakwenze.

Kakade lapho besanda kuqala wempilo sika-Israyeli, cishe yonke emazweni Arab wenqaba njengeliyiZwi imfundo esemthethweni. Ngo 1947-1949, ama-Israyeli kwakudingeka baye empini sokuzibusa nge umfelandawonye Arabhu sithi. Umphumela waba ukunqoba obugculisayo u-Israyeli. Ngaphezu ukuzimela, izwe elisha lakwazi ukuthwebula ezindaweni eziningana, okuyinto enzelwe futhi akwakhi isimo Arab ePalestina.

Kodwa lokhu kwakuyisiqalo nje ekuqaleni. Bese igama lilandelwa inombolo izingxabano entsha. Futhi cishe yonke yakwa-Israyeli anqoba bese wengeza emazweni amasha uhlalwe Arabhu.

Ngakho, phakathi nawo-80s ngaphansi umsebenzi Israeli kwakucishe nayo yonke insimu, okuhloswe ngalo ukudala isimo Arab ikakhulu emazweni asePalestina. Ubudlelwano phakathi kuka-Israyeli futhi abakhileyo ezifundeni ezinabantu bebelokhu Friend kakhulu, okwadala izimfanelo okwesikhathi wave ukwedelelwa futhi izingxabano entsha ahlomile. Okuningi Inhlangano PLO yadalwa 1967 esinenjongo nokuqedwa umbuso umsebenzi (yi-esempini nezombusazwe) nokumiswa ngawo umbuso ozimele kwePalestina.

Ingqikithi yalo elithi "Intifada"

Manje, ake sibone kahle ukuthi kushiwoni 'Intifada ". Lo mqondo elihunyushwe ngokoqobo kusukela Arabhu ngokuthi "kubhikisha". Ukusetshenziswa ububanzi selifikile ekupheleni 80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XX, lapho ezifundeni ezinabantu elasePalestina waqala ukunyakaza ukwedelelwa, siguqulelwa ifomu evulekile ahlomile ngisho amaphekula emzabalazweni.

Ngakho, Intifada Arab - kuvukela-Arabhu elasePalestina ngokumelene amandla ayebusa.

INGEMUVA kuvukela

Njengoba kakade wathi ngenhla, inani labantu Arab Palestine kuyinto sengqondo esingaqondile kakhulu maqondana Israeli iziphathimandla umsebenzi, nalabo yena, Bajeziselwa bendawo, ngoba akubheka njengesono isitha. Ngokwe basePalestine ngokwabo ukubuka ukucindezelwa ekuphathweni Israeli babe zokucindezela.

Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba kuqale Intifada lokuqala, okungukuthi phakathi 1987, ubulawe Israyeli ezimbalwa, omunye kuphela elalisendlini lempi. Leli qiniso uyabaselwa nakakhulu, futhi isimo zinezinkinga kangaka. Izibhelu wathatha uhlamvu mass, nezenzo zobudlova ezaboniswa zombili. Ikakhulukazi isimo lwaludlanga eGaza Strip - Israeli Ematasa Palestinian Territory, esemngceleni neGibhithe.

Uphalafini emlilweni wathela zokuchithwa Egypt naseJordani phezu kwezwe asePalestina. Lokho nesimo lapho Arabhu wendawo empeleni akanalo noma yimaphi amalungelo ezepolitiki, iye zilondolozwe ngokusemthethweni.

Ukuthandwa okwandisa naphakathi kwabakhileyo ezifundeni ezinabantu waqala uthole izinhlangano olukhulu "PIJ" futhi "Hamas". Nokho mayelana nemisebenzi kanye PLO.

Ukuqala Intifada lokuqala

Intifada asePalestina kwaqala ngo-December 1987. I kulethe ngesiphazamiso Arabhu wakhonza njengephayona engozini yemoto kwenzeka ngenxa yale ngozi ka Israeli yeloli lamasosha futhi iloli, ukuthutha inani elikhulu basePalestine. Lokhu ingozi wabulala eziningi bendawo. The Palestinians wamukela yesehlakalo esibuhlungu tando kuhle phindisela! Wangamabomu Israyeli.

Waqala injabulo mass. Ekuqaleni njengoba izikhali ngokumelene Israyeli, basePalestine Wasebenzisa amatshe kanye nezinye izinto ngakwesokunene, ngakho isihloko salesi Intifada lesibili - 'impi amatshe ".

ngentuthuko eyengeziwe Intifada lokuqala

amasosha Israeli eziphendula amatshe zindizela phezulu kwabo waqala ukuvula umlilo okuhloswe, elibuye esebenzisa isihluku lesi simo. Lo mbhikisho lasakazekela ngasentshonalanga yomfula yoMfula iJordani, futhi engxenyeni Disemba yesibili wafika eJerusalema, okuyinto Israyeli uyazicabangela nenhloko-dolobha yalo.

I Intifada lokuqala asePalestina imakwe inani elikhulu entsheni iqhaza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amatshe ngaphandle lezi zihlubuki aqala ukusebenzisa "Molotov Cocktails" nezibhamu. Nokho, ibutho Israeli kwadingeka inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo obuqand phezu izihlubuki, okuyinto ezamsiza, ekugcineni, ukuze sikwazi ukuphila nazo.

Phakathi kwako, ukubulala Arabhu kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili zendawo 111 Israyeli.

izivumelwano ukuthula

Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi izenzakalo Intifada nomthelela uqhekeko emphakathini Israeli. Israyeli Abaningi babezimisele athambise isandla Palestinians ukuze silondoloze ukuthula futhi kuvimbele ezimpini ezinjalo esikhathini esizayo. Lesi simo siye kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi kwa-Israyeli ukunqoba ukhetho "ukuthula party" eliholwa kukaYitzhak Rabin.

Uhulumeni Israeli wanquma ukuxoxa nabaholi asePalestina ubuso abameleli PLO. Ngo-1993, izivumelwano ukuthula phakathi kukaYitzhak Rabin kanye PLO ikhanda Yasser Arafat wasayina Oslo, ehlinzekela ukusungulwa Palestina Authority. Lo mcimbi kubhekwe njengento kwaqedwa Intifada lokuqala.

INGEMUVA Intifada lesibili

Noma kunjalo, kubonakala kunalokhu eziyisisekelo phakathi Israyeli futhi izakhamuzi Palestine - ngisho nangemva ukusayinwa Oslo - zisusiwe, futhi kamuva wakhonza njengombonisi imfuneko ingxabano, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Intifada lesibili.

Isizathu esisemthethweni sokuba kwavukelwa entsha kwaba ukuvakasha Ariel Sharon ngo-2000, kuze kube iNtaba YeThempeli eJerusalema. BasePalestine wabona kule sigameko ukuhlukumeza kwezivumelwano, nakuba ohlangothini Israeli waphikelela ngokuthi, ngaphansi kwezivumelwano, ukufinyelela lo shrine livulekele abantu abathi noma iyiphi inkolo.

Kunoma ikuphi, wathi umcimbi wakhonza kulethe kuphela, hhayi imbangela kwaba nesiteleka entsha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Intifada lesibili. Yileso igama kwelinye amathempeli ithempeli eNtabeni.

Ukuqala Intifada lesibili

I Intifada lesibili (Intifada lesibili) owaqala ngokuvukela kwemibhikisho Septhemba 2000, ngosuku olufanayo, lapho kwakukhona sivakashelwe Temple Mount. Ngakusasa usuku nezibhelu ubuhanjelwe amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu.

amabutho zohulumeni ziye zasetshenziselwa ukulwa nabo nezibhamu, okwaphumela abalimala eziningi nhlangothi zombili. Futhi, iziphathimandla Israeli kusetshenziswa izindiza ukuthi ngamabhomu eziningi asePalestina ezinabantu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le Intifada lesibili e-Israel, ngokungafani lokuqala, kwakulandelwa ukucasula omkhulu phakathi Arabhu nobunarha Israeli.

izenzakalo ezalandela Intifada lesibili

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Intifada kwa-Israyeli uye waba ngokushesha socwaningo. izinhlangano asePalestina olukhulu wayifeza uchungechunge kwamaphekula ngokumelene Israyeli.

I amaningi asebenzayo imisebenzi sihlubuki ezihlobene 2002. Besabela kuleso simemo, ibutho Israeli waqhuba msebenzi "Isihlangu Zokuzivikela", okuyinto wakwazi ukumisa cishe ngokuphelele Intifada endaweni ka-Israyeli efanele, kodwa, nokho, baqhubeka izibhelu emazweni asePalestina. Nokho, kamuva lelo tulo aqala ukuncipha, futhi 2005 saphela cishe ngokuphelele, nakuba eminye imithombo bakholwe kwaqedwa yokugcina Intifada kwesibili ngo-2008 kuphela.

Phakathi izibhelu phezu yonke inkathi kusukela 2000 ezingaphezu kuka 3.100 Palestinians kanye cishe eziyinkulungwane Israyeli iye babulele 2005. Uma sicabanga ekupheleni Intifada ngo-2008, inani izisulu kuzokhulisa kakhulu. Phakathi Palestinians, kuzoba cishe anamahlanu amawaka, phakathi Israyeli - 1,200.

Umthelela wale Intifada

Zombili izinhlangothi waqaphela ukuthi Intifada - lena indlela eya ekubhujisweni, ngoba ukusebenza kwezomnotho zakwa-Israyeli Palestina Authority wabona yokwehla kakhulu, ingasaphathwa ukulahlekelwa ukuphila. Ikakhulukazi kanzima hit imboni yezokuvakasha, ngoba izivakashi ezimbalwa ufuna ukuya ezweni lapho asebenzayo ezempi eqhutshwa ngayo.

Nakuba kungekho esisemthethweni phakathi Palestinians kanye nobuholi obuphethe Israeli ayisayiniwe, kodwa kokubili wenza nenye. Ngakho, ngo-2005 uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli uhulumeni wanquma ku ukuhoxiswa lokugcina kusukela eGaza Strip amasosha Israeli, izifiki kanye nokuphatha. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, abaholi ukumelana asePalestina nazo zaba neqhaza ukwehla esishubile le ngxabano.

Nokho, lezi zinyathelo, kanye nesivumelwano emva Intifada lokuqala, inkinga of ubudlelwano phakathi Arabhu kanye Israyeli abangazange yanquma, kodwa iqhwa isimo samanje kuphela. I ziyingozi kakhulu ezinhlanganweni asePalestina sinqume ukuqhubeka emzabalazweni, ekuphenduleni okuyinto Israyeli ngo-2008 olwenziwa operation ekhethekile eGaza Strip.

Lapho ingabe Intifada wesithathu?

On the isikhathi ekupheleni 2008 - ekuqaleni kuka-2009, i-Israeli ukusebenza kwebutho eGaza Strip ngokumelene nenhlangano "Hamas", lona wamuva ngokuthi ku Arabhu ukuqala Intifada lwesithathu. Nokho, ukwesekwa nezidumile isikhalazo babengenalo labantu. Eqinisweni, i-Intifada lwesithathu ayivulwanga.

Nokho, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ibhola kuwukuphikisana zanqwabelana phakathi Israyeli futhi Palestinians ezingazange idedelwa, singaphetha ngokuthi uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezinqala, ukushayisana entsha ahlomile phakathi amaqembu aphikisanayo is ngenakugwemeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano eziningi asePalestina bakholelwa ukuthi Intifada - lena kuphela indlela uzibuse ngokuphelele.

Ubufakazi lokhu singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela ukuhlaselwa mutual, eyayibonakala liqalwe kabusha ngo-2012. Kwethenjwa ukuthi phakathi abaholi kokubili Israyeli kanye Palestinians kuyovama labo bantu abafuna ukuthula okunokwethenjelwa ehlala njalo iminyaka eminingi.