Intamo simila lesemkhatsini futhi ohlangothini: ekwelapheni. I simila kuyingozi?

Simila entanyeni ingaphakathi zasesikhwameni emise enezindonga ezacile, kanye okuqukethwe uketshezi ngaphakathi. izinhlumba Iningi kukhona azalwa naso ngokwemvelo. intamo simila libhekisela eqenjini elikhulu izifo besigaba ebusweni kanye wesibeletho-mandibular. Kwangathi ukuthuthukisa njengenhlangano zokugula ezimele isikhathi eside. A simila kuyinto kungavamile ukuba ingozi, kodwa ungakwazi kabusha ibe kumiswa abulalayo noma eziyinkimbinkimbi we fistula noma suppuration.

ngezigaba Modern uhlukanisa izinhlumba ku ezilingene medial. Nokho, emhlabeni kukhona enye uhlelo, olukukhombayo lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izinhlumba:

• yegilo, sublingual (lesemkhatsini);
• gill (side);
• timofaringealnye izinhlumba;
• epidermoid (dermoid).

Kuleli phephandaba, sicabanga ezimbili izinhlobo izinhlumba: medial kanye lateral.

Simila entanyeni: izimbangela

Isizathu sokuthuthukiswa izinhlumba ngokuvamile angahlangani azalwa nako. Ekhulwini zokugcina kwakukhona umbono ukuthi Umfutho lena anomaly we lokuqala nelesibili gill nemengamo nokusasamba. Phakathi umbungu ukuthuthukiswa fistula uvala awangaphelela, okuphumela ekwakhiweni of gill furrow. Ngemva kwalokho ohlangothini akhiwa kule ndawo nokugcinwa izinhlumba.

Iphinde kubangela ukubukeka izinhlangano zihlanganisa:

• izinsalela esingesihle itheku jugular (ohlangothini izinhlumba kwakhiwa).
• ukuthuthukiswa okungavamile eyesibili neyesithathu gill umqhewu (okuholela ukwakheka fistulas).
• I anomaly we imbobo hypoglossal (iba imbangela kumiswa izinhlumba lesemkhatsini).

izinhlumba azalwa naso esifundeni parotid nentamo babe izici zokwelapha. Udonga kwangaphakathi yakhiwa amaseli columnar EPITHELIAL kokuncinyane lamaseli flat, futhi ebusweni izindonga siqukethe amaseli yegilo. Ngakho, etiology ka izinhlumba elula - a iminonjana le Amapayipi-embryonic ne-emifantwini.

intamo simila zingabonisa esemncane. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuqala zokugula ngokwayo uvame ukubonakala, uneminyaka engu-10-15. Ososayensi oyikholelwayo ukuthi isifo sisuka abazali ukuba izingane uhlobo esikhubazayo.

I simila kuyingozi

Ngokwezibalo, lesi sifo singumbulali ezingavamile kakhulu, kodwa libhekisela izifo eziyingozi kakhulu. Ukwephuza sitholakele isifo kungaholela ekufeni isiguli. Ukwanda okusheshayo izinhlumba entsheni okuholela ukukhubazeka zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nginesimila esikhulu kuholela inkulumo kahle, ukugwinya reflex, ukucobeka jikelele. Kunengozi eliphezulu ukuvuvukala suppurative kanye ukonakala zibe umdlavuza.

Izici simila lesemkhatsini

izimpawu izici nginesimila lesemkhatsini kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi uma esewonke, futhi impela isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, isifo kubonakala engu-6 noma 13-15. Median simila entanyeni kwakhiwa ngenxa ukunyakaza yolimi-yegilo yegilo lwegciwane imbobo endaweni kwegilo ngaphambili entanyeni. Lokhu zokugula eba esibelethweni.

Median simila entanyeni - ekwakhekeni aminyene futhi nezimo, ne imingcele ecacile futhi ububanzi mayelana 2 ngamasentimitha. Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa yentuthuko akanayo izimpawu ezibuhlungu. Kutholwe ohlangothini front entanyeni. simila Median kwenzeka e-40% amacala. Kuyinto lezi zinhlobo izinhlumba bathambekele zikhule futhi kumiswa fistulas.

Izici lateral izinhlumba

Lateral entanyeni simila kuhlukile phakathi kwasendaweni kuphela. Lesi sifo eba esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ekuseni. Ngenxa anomalies azalwa naso gill furrow ingabe usekhona nge ukuthuthukiswa, okuholela nginesimila livela umgodi wabo. Banalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Pathology ivela kaningi phakathi okuningi, cishe u-60% amacala.

Lateral simila entanyeni anterolateral elise ohlangothini entanyeni. It has a isakhiwo njengendlela multi-ekamelweni kanye negumbi olulodwa. Zendawo vein jugular. imfundo enkulu licindezele imithambo yegazi kanye nezinzwa, kanye izitho angomakhelwane, okubangela ubuhlungu nokuhlukumezeka. Uma nginesimila incane ngobukhulu - ubuhlungu ngokuvamile engekho. Phakathi palpation palpable round imfundo, ephathekayo futhi nivumelane nezimo. Simila zile uma turning ikhanda.

Akwaziwa izinhlobo ezine izinhlumba lateral, zehlukene kwasendaweni yabo:

• Ezemfundo, elisesifundeni ijwabu wesibeletho ukujula ngesikhathi imikhumbi emikhulu igazi. Kaningi-ke fuses nge vein jugular.
• Ezemfundo, lisendaweni thoracic-clavicular.
• Ezemfundo, elise phakathi Umthambo carotid futhi ohlangothini udonga amalaka.
• Ezemfundo, ithatha indawo eduze Umthambo carotid nodonga pharyngeal.

Izimpawu zalesi izinhlumba ezilingene medial

Esikhathini kusaqalwa isifo noma uma simila has usayizi encane, noma yiziphi izinkomba ezisheshe bengekho. Isikhumba phezu kwendawo isimila has a luhlaza evamile. Endabeni ukulimala noma iyiphi imfundo ukutheleleka uqala zikhule futhi cindezela nezinzwa, kwabangela nobuhlungu. Ukwandisa ubukhulu, simila iqala ukuletha eziningi ngokungalungile, kuhlanganise ukungakwazi sokudla ngenxa yokucindezela izitho zomzimba eduze.

Ukujoyina inqubo ubovu e isimila libhekene ububomvu kwesikhumba, kuyilapho imfundo kuyinto kuyabonakala ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama. Kamuva kule ndawo kwakhiwa fistula.

simila Median zingafakwa endaweni sublingual. Ngekukhula imfundo nesineke angase abhekane ngenkulumo neziyaluyalu, ngoba ulimi uhlale usesimweni esihle. Ukwandisa ngobukhulu, simila lesemkhatsini kubangela ubuhlungu.

sitholakele isifo

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Esifike Ngesikhathi izifo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma wena miss isikhathi, isimila kusukela ingozi kabusha ibe umdlavuza.

Examination iqala nge ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo futhi palpation nentamo endaweni lesiguli. Ukuze sitholakele izinhlumba yohlobo lesemkhatsini kanye lateral eyenziwa eziningi izinqubo:

• Ultrasound ukuhlola emkhakheni wezemfundo.
• Eqonda.
• Wokubhoboza we kuphenyisiswe ketshezi.
• Fistulography.
• Radiography ngesethulo-ejenti ukuze kuvele umehluko.

In the ukungabikho ukutheleleka sifo kalula kudidaniswe lymphadenitis, lymphosarcoma, hemangioma cavernous, neurofibroma, lipoma, isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo semithambo, ithumba, isifo sofuba we izindlala zamanzi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuze afeze uphethwe professional usebenzisa imishini yamuva.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa izinhlumba ezilingene medial

Ukususwa entanyeni izinhlumba asenza lapho uzingela isimila banoma iyiphi isayizi futhi yiluphi uhlobo. ekuhlonzweni nasekwelashweni kwezifo kungakephuzi isiguli aqede yezinkinga olwengeziwe. Lapho ukusebenza Kwenziwa, intamo izinhlumba isuswe, ngokuvamile kuphela ngaphansi izinzwa jikelele. Phakathi ukungenela ngalo ingaphakathi simila futhi konke okuqukethwe kuyo kuthiwa excised ngokuphelele, leli nxeba okuholela ithungwe up. manipulations ezinjalo eyenziwa ukuze aqede ingozi ekuphindeni we simila.

Lapho excision ka izinhlumba lateral kungenzeka ezinye ubunzima ngenxa indawo eduze kwe-isimila ku eziyimpumelelo emsipheni. Ukususwa kwezimiso imfundo ngolimi kwenziwe noma ngomlomo noma ngokusebenzisa imbobo ngentamo.

Ephambi kwezinduna ukuvuvukala, ezifana ithumba, noma fistula, ekuqaleni edingekayo ukuqeda ekuqongeleleni ubomvu. Simila ngokwaso singasuki kinid - isiguli inikezwa yokwelapha anti-inflammatory. Uma kudingekile, emva ukususwa ukuvuvukala (kwezinyanga ezimbalwa) simila ingaphakathi kungenziwa lususwe.

ukususwa Steel we fistula - kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile futhi ususe konke itheku amapheshana, okungaba trudnozametnymi futhi kunzima. Uma wathola ukwelashwa simila entanyeni kunikezwa ngokushesha.

yezinkinga kungenzeka

Ngokuvamile, ekwelapheni simila ezilingene medial has a Izibikezelo yinhle kakhulu, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka ukwelashwa of lokubuya kwesifo ingozi incane kakhulu. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, izinkinga ezingase zivele kungenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, uma azisuswanga zonke izinhlumba, noma amapheshana, kukhona amathuba ukuvuvukala kabusha ubovu.

I simila kuyingozi asebekhulile? Iqiniso lokuthi ngenxa izici yobudala umzimba kanye buthakathaka isimiso sokuzivikela komzimba excision ephelele simila akuyona kwenziwe. Okunjalo iziguli imbobo emfundweni ukususa konke okuqukethwe ingaphakathi okwengeziwe sihlanzwe isinqandakuvunda. Nokho, le ndlela yokwelapha kuyangabazeka kakhulu ngenxa ingozi eliphezulu Ukuphinda lesi sifo.

Ukuvimbela lesi sifo

Njengomthetho, akukho izinyathelo. Ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo linendima nezici ezithile ezibalulekile zofuzo. Uma izinhlumba uhlangane nabazali, into kuphela abangase bakwenze kithi ukuthola ingozi eseduze yokuthuthukisa isifo umntwana ongakazalwa. nezindaba ezinjalo zidingidwa odokotela-zofuzo.

Uma omunye wabazali kwadingeka isimila noma isimila endaweni entanyeni, udinga njalo ukuqapha encane Uchwepheshe ukuhlonza isifo ngendlela efanele usaqala. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Esifike Ngesikhathi nokwelashwa uzokwenza impilo yengane nakanjani kungokwemvelo futhi kuyimpilo. Kulokhu, akufanele neze ngaphandle ingozi ngiwela ogibeni lwezidakamizwa, ngakho udinga njalo bayohlolwa impilo.