A ibhizinisi elincane - yini lokho? Isimo sokunquma kanye nencazelo ibhizinisi elincane

Inani abalulekile bizns Russian amelwe izigaba ezifana ezincane izinkampani ezizimele. Lokhu, ngokusho kongoti eziningi, isimo ejwayelekile izinhlobo ezintsha amafemu, Wabasaqalayo SP. Kukhona isigaba ezifana inkampani naphakathi. Uyini umehluko? A ibhizinisi elincane - abantu abaningi kanjani? Yini izintandokazi anganikeza isimo esinjalo esivela umbono yezingozi zokweseka uhulumeni? Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi futhi ahlobene umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthi kukhona isici yamabhizinisi isimo SME.

Indlela SME

Ngaphansi komthetho isiRashiya, amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi - kukhona izigaba ezimbili ezahlukene ibhizinisi, ubulungu okuyinto kunqunywa eziningi zindlela. Cabanga leyo ejwayelekile izinkampani yohlobo lokuqala nelesibili. Asiqale nge ibhizinisi elincane ejwayelekile.

Iyini inhlangano amabhizinisi amancane? Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zomthetho, laba babandakanya izinkampani, okuyinto kuqashwe abantu ngaphansi kuka-100. Linganisa izimali ngonyaka wamabhizinisi enjalo angeze yadlula ruble ayizigidi ezingu-400. Futhi yabelana abanikazi (izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, okuyinto ngokwazo akuzona amabhizinisi amancane) akumele seqe 25%.

Abanye ochwepheshe ngikuveze ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi - lena akuyona ngezigaba oluphelele izinkampani eziyimfihlo, okuyinto ejwayelekile ngezinga elincane. Zikhona nezinye izigaba izinhlangano. Njengokuthi nje, isibonelo, micro. Lezi zihlanganisa amabhizinisi musa baqashe abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-15.

Siyabona ukuthi isigaba SME kungafaka phakathi amabhizinisi awubonakali kube "ezincane". Noma kunjalo, inzuzo eduze ruble ayizigidi ezingu-400 - inkomba sina esikalini kule nkampani.

Indlela amabhizinisi naphakathi

Cabanga-ke, iziphi nenqubo amabhizinisi naphakathi. kancane yabo. Ngokuphathelene Inani labasebenzi, indinganiso ebekiwe emthethweni, ngendlela elandelayo: kusuka 101 abasebenzi 250. Ngokusho imali yonyaka - lisuka ezigidini ezingu-401 ruble 1 bhiliyoni. Umahluko isigaba amabhizinisi amancane, njengoba sibona, kubalulekile.

Kufeza indima, onjani imisebenzi eyenziwa enhlanganweni? Cha Ngalo mqondo, umthetho ayinazo imithetho ukutjheja imikhawulo. amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi - inkampani ungakwazi ukubhekana kahle imisebenzi efanayo, kodwa bangabanye amakilasi ezahlukene izinhlangano kuphela ngenxa yenzuzo futhi ukubaluleka abasebenzi. Ngokufanayo kubhekwe ubunikazi. Ltd - inhlangano encane, le-IP - okufanayo. inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe - ngendlela efanayo. Kusebenza umthetho ofanayo nebhizinisi isilinganiso.

Indlela SME: ukucaciseleka

Sesihlole nenqubo agcwele izigaba ezifana ibhizinisi aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane. Kuzoba ewusizo futhi ukwazi ezinye izincazelo zabo lesifanele.

Uma sikhuluma usayizi isimo - kusho Inani eliyisilinganiso abasebenzi phakathi nonyaka ikhalenda, obulandela isikhathi ucwaningo ngokuqinile ngezigaba esigabeni esisodwa noma esinye. Letibekiwe amagugu umkhawulo umthetho ezibhekwa izinombolo kukonke.

Ngaphansi ibeke imali engenayo imali etholakale ngokudayiswa kwezimpahla, usebenza noma amasevisi ngaphandle i-VAT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha ingase engezwe emafeni yenkampani, kucatshangelwa inani tekudlala ngonyaka ikhalenda esandulele inhlolovo.

ibhizinisi okusha njengoba SME

Kodwa indlela ezihlobana zebhizinisi isigaba esisodwa noma esinye, uma silitadisha inhlangano esanda kumiswa? Inkampani encane, nenqubo zazo elishiwo ngenhla, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokushoda kobufakazi kwezibalo. Kanye nalabo olusungulelwe isilinganiso. Ukuze Ezimweni ezinjalo, kukhona mithetho elandelayo. Uma inhlangano esungulwe ukuthi kuphela, kungaba labizwa ngokuthi encane noma naphakathi uma izinkomba sibonakalisa Inani eliyisilinganiso abasebenzi, imali (noma-ke kuhlangene nenani esithwele) ngoba isikhathi kusukela esikhathini lapho ulwazi mayelana inkampani bafakwa encwadini okubhalwa, hhayi idlule imibundu okuhambisanayo. Okusho ukuthi, uma sikwenza kungaxegi yasungulwa ngoJanuwari futhi Agasti inzuzo yayo akazange idlule 400 million, kanti inani labasebenzi - abantu 100, kuba - ibhizinisi elincane. Isimo sokunquma zaziwa.

Ukubala Uhlaka umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama

Omunye ngaphezulu Into ebaluleke mayelana nendlela ukubala inani labasebenzi. Ingabe kubaluleke kabi, hhayi nje ukuba izinkontileka ngomumo ngokuhambisana Labor Ikhodi (ie, umsebenzi irekhodi), kodwa futhi izivumelwano civil-zomthetho, kanye umsebenzi ngenzuzo. Lokho welithi "State" kuleli cala ungaboshwa aspect zomthetho sokubhaliswa zabasebenzi phakathi kwenkampani nabasebenzi. Into esemqoka ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa ngokomthetho, futhi kulokho format ethize --TC noma kohlaka izivumelwano civil-zomthetho, sivumele isishaya-mthetho akunandaba.

By the way, umthetho kuyinto evamile, owawuthi izinkontileka subcontracted kungenziwa ulinganiswa izivumelwano umsebenzi ngokugcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu usebenza njengoba inkontileka ngoba inkontileka yomphakathi kuphela, kodwa zonke izinsuku uya ehhovisi izinkampani iklayenti ngokuthi umsebenzi wabo, kuhambisana nesimiso futhi kuvunyelwane, bathi, isivuno eholidini nobuholi benhlangano, Rostrudnadzor angase afune ukuba inkampani ngemvume nge uzakwethu egcwele inkontileka zabasebenzi yi TC.

Kungani kufanele inkampani yami isimo SME?

Siye kuchazwe nenqubo ngawo ifemu bangayiqonda isigaba amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Amapharamitha okukhulunywa kuchazwa ezingeni zomthetho. Lokho kungenzeka ukuthi izinkampani angawelinye isigaba esisodwa noma kwenye kubalulekile kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ezinye amathemba. Strictly ukukhuluma, iyini inzuzo esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile yokuthi inkampani isimo "ibhizinisi elincane"? Lokhu kubandakanya noma yisiphi amalungelo? Yebo, libalulekile.

Iqiniso liwukuthi eRussia zikhona izinhlelo eziningi federal nawesifunda kanye kamasipala okuhloswe ngazo amabhizinisi asekelayo, akha ibhizinisi elincane - yindlela yokuhlola belinganisa. Kukhona yonke indawo yenqubomgomo yomphakathi kule ndawo. Mayelana anjani zokweseka singaxoxa?

Izinhlobo usekelo SME

inqubomgomo State Russian kuhilela izinto eziningi izinzuzo, uma ibhizinisi uqhutshwa ngendlela enjalo, njengoba ibhizinisi elincane. Kuyinto izinyathelo ezifana nalezi:

• okukhethekile intela Imibuso (sizobe sesibheka ukuthi iyini);
• amazinga lula eziphathelene intela, accounting, nokubika kwezibalo uhlobo;
• izinzuzo eziphathelene nezinqubo isiphetho endaweni komhiaba ezizimele;
• isihoxiso indima ekhethekile amabhizinisi amancane emkhakheni kwempahla yomphakathi;
• usizo ekuvikeleni amalungelo nezithakazelo osomabhizinisi ngokubambisana neNhlangano iziphathimandla okugada;
• nokuxhasa ngezimali amabhizinisi;
• ukusiza amabhizinisi ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda;
• ehlukile izinyathelo lula ibhizinisi SME isigaba yenkampani.

Ubani uyobasekela?

Ifanele izinhlelo ukwesekwa ibhizinisi kungehluka ngezifunda (kanye phakathi komasipala ezahlukene nemizana). Okuningi kuxhomeke ekutheni ukufunde imininingwane yalolu umkhakha ibhizinisi. Kwezinye izindawo lo mfelandawonye igunya eliphakeme unikezwa izinkampani waziphatha ezimayini, kwezinye - izinkampani steel. Ngo eziningi emadolobheni isiRashiya zikhona izimali ogama imisebenzi bagxile ukusekelwa izinkampani bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe ngokuvamile ezintsha. Ngo nezinhlangano ezifana ungathola usekelo abasunguli "ukuqala-ups", i-main umqondo okhaliphile webhizinisi okuvamise kudalwa niches entsha ngokuphelele emakethe esekelwe azikakwazi ubuchwepheshe balufunda.

Ekusebenteni, usizo ukuze izinkampani angawelinye isigaba esimaphakathi amancane angaba kokubili nomasipala ohulumeni, nangezinkolelo-ze ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano kanye izisekelo, okuyinto yabelwe lo msebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ibhizinisi - kwamabhizinisi amancane ezintsha, kungaba isici Luhambo ngempumelelo ibhizinisi ukutshalwa ngosizo izimali nge ogxile eziphethwe uhulumeni.

Izinkinga main emkhakheni amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi

Empeleni, izizathu kungani amabhizinisi udinga ukwesekwa uhulumeni? yimpumelelo Ngempela, nakuba ibhizinisi elincane - inhlangano, okusho kwencika ezithile ku uxhaso imisebenzi? Yiziphi izinkinga main ethize ukuze ama-SME eRussia?

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi, phakathi nobunzima ejwayelekile kunazo - okusezingeni eliphezulu lentela umthwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi akudingeki izinsiza ezanele zezimali. Inkinga yokuqala, umkhuba, kuboniswa ikakhulukazi isidingo ukuze ukwazi ukumkhokhela izimali ezinkulu izimali zoMbuso - the RPF, FSS, HIF abasebenzi. Ngokuqondene umklomelo yinkimbinkimbi yesibili - it is a ukutholakala eliphansi lesikweletu ezishibhile. Labo amazinga, okuyinto esabekwa iningi amabhange isiRashiya, esindayo kakhulu osomabhizinisi abaningi.

Enye into eyindida ngenxa osomabhizinisi Russian - ukutholakala eliphansi ezweni imithombo kanye ingcebo. osomabhizinisi abaningi ukuthola ukuthi ochwepheshe ukuba babe nezinkinga ukufinyelela yengqalasizinda amandla. Xhuma kumanethiwekhi kunzima, amazinga - okusezingeni eliphezulu. Enye inkinga amabhizinisi yangasese, kusho uchwepheshe, - ukushoda kwabasebenzi.

indzima yembuso ekuxazululeni izinkinga ebhizinisini

Izikhungo zomphakathi, ochwepheshe bathi, ngokuvamile, kufanele sibe nesithakazelo yokuthi ibhizinisi elincane yokuzenzela, eRussia. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-izinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlelo ukwesekwa SME kufanele bacabangele isidingo ukubhekana nezindaba nezokusigcoba mbuzo. Kwezinye izindawo umsebenzi, abahlaziyi bathi, imiphumela khona.

intela ekhethekile

Okokuqala, kumayelana intela umthwalo kakhulu efanayo. Ikakhulu, i-amabhizinisi SME ungazuza okukhethekile yentela - sts UTII noma patent. Ngayinye yalezi izindlela ezimweni eziningi kuqinisekisa imali ezincane kakhulu kwezabelo ku igadle kwezwakala nasezimalini, uma iqhathaniswa jikelele uhlelo izinombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezigaba ezithile osomabhizinisi ngabanye Unelungelo ukunciphisa intela ku inani iminikelo zikhokhelwe Pension Fund, futhi HIF FSS. Futhi kulesi simo ngenxa yabaningi IP viral ehambisana lincishisiwe. By endleleni, lapha ungasho mayelana zokusiza ngokuphathelene intela kanye accounting. Konke kuyadingeka ukuze ufake ne-IRS, IP eziningi - ukumemezela yonyaka. Izidingo zokuphathwa amadokhumenti ezimali eziyinkimbinkimbi kuye lesishaya alibonisi.

Ukubolekwa kwemali kanye namagranti

Nge udumo, yebo, more xaka. Ngisho labo amabhange lapho isimo ophethe share ovelele kule ukukhushulwa, ukunikela ukubolekisa at kwezimo kude ezifiselekayo. Amabhizinisi amaningi bephoqeleka ukuboleka phesheya, ukwakha zangaphandle izikweletu ezinkampani ezinkulu. Uhlelo ukubolekisa kwimithombo mali, ngokusho kongoti, ithuthukiswe eRussia kunalokho ebuthakathaka.

Kukhona ezinye izindlela nokuxhasa ngezimali amabhizinisi ngezithukuthuku isimo kanye kamasipala izibonelelo. Nokho, ukusho ukuthi basebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, kuba ngaphambi kwesikhathi, abahlaziyi bathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani ukuthi avele izinhlelo ukwesekwa efanele, ochwepheshe bathi, kwakunzima ukusiza amabhizinisi ukufezekisa imiphumela ephawulekayo.

ibhizinisi isici

Nokho, bakholelwa abahlaziyi abaningi abanale amabhizinisi eRussia unekhono ukuheha uxhaso hhayi kusukela amabhange kanye bezimali. Umbandela kulokhu ulula: into esemqoka ukuthi umqondo ibhizinisi uhambisane izifiso of usomabhizinisi futhi wenze nenzuzo. Okudingekayo zimali - lokhu margin ingaphezu kwe-avareji yasebhange isithakazelo. Yileso iphuzu imali ibhizinisi, hhayi ukuze uthumele imali ku idiphozi. Uma umtshali zimali ibhizinisi enquma ukuthi othile encane ibhizinisi ezintsha - yisibonelo inhlanganisela okunengqondo imibono ibhizinisi kanye uhlelo ukucabanga-out for ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sitatimende, uyajabula ukutshala imali yabo. On lawo magama, okuyinto cishe ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza noma yimuphi ebhange zentengiso. A ibhizinisi elincane - ikhange ukuze abatshali bezimali abaningi, into utshalomali.

SME kanye isici womuntu

Inkinga nge ozimele phakathi kukahulumeni futhi wanquma, nakuba ngokwanele ngokungaqondile. Sikhuluma ukuthuthukiswa nokuqeqeshwa ochwepheshe emayunivesithi, ukuthuthukiswa education amakhono. Zonke lezi misebenzi incike izinga inchubomgomo yesive.

Nokho, ezinye izazi zikholelwa, kubuye kube ibhizinisi uqobo kufanele wenze imizamo yokuthuthukisa sezulu jikelele imvelo ibhizinisi. Thatha leyo nkinga izisebenzi: izinkampani eziningi, abahlaziyi bathi, wandise ivolumu zokukhiqiza, kodwa akusho akha sikhala amazinga amasha. imisebenzi okusha awekho, lezo ezidinga ukubandakanywa Ochwepheshe afanelekayo ikakhulukazi. Ikakhulu ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abafundi ungakhethi yokukhiqiza umsebenzi, bekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wabo ayiqinisekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zithi, akuzona zonke izinkampani sinake inkinga okwandayo zabasebenzi umkhiqizo.