Insimu Armenia: incazelo imingcele, ikakhulukazi

Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe Armenia ikhona ezwekazini i-Eurasia yayigcwele. Itholakala Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli geopolitical South eCaucasus zesifunda (Transcaucasia). Iyini insimu ka-Armenia ngobukhulu? Le ndawo isimo cishe 30,000 square metres. km. Labantu - abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 3.3. Armenia imemezele ukuzimela ngo-1991. Ngaseningizimu inomngcele nge 4 zithi: entshonalanga - ne Turkey enyakatho - ne Georgia, eningizimu - ne-Iran empumalanga - Azerbaijan. State alinayo imingcele engokoqobo ulwandle. Capital - emzini Yerevan. Ngokwe zohulumeni - i-republic.

Phakathi kwangaphakathi iCaspian Sea Black elitholakala Armenia Highland. Enyakatho isifinyelele Lesser eCaucasus izintaba. A enyakatho-esempumalanga - insimu ye-republic. Nokho, i-Armenia, njengamanye amazwe of eCaucasus - ezweni sezintaba. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu isikhundla ezindawo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ezintweni eziningi. Futhi nakhu ungafunda ngokufunda kulesi sihloko.

sezwe

Armenia, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, - ezweni sezintaba ise abasha Alpine orogeny. Le ndawo iyashisa, ukwakheka okuyinto awukapheli. Isici eyisisekelo, ekhombisa ukuqhubeka isakhiwo entabeni - kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokomlando luthole ukuthi ngesikhathi ukhona Armenia izikhathi eziningi ngaphansi imiphumela ezonakalisayo. Isikhathi esining impela, amandla odlulela safinyelela amaphuzu 10 ngaphandle kobukhulu obungu-12.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba zihlobene yokuthi indawo yakwa-Armenia ivuliwe phansi, lapho amaphutha zomhlaba: Garni, Akhuryan futhi Pambak-Sevan. Kuyinto kuzo at a 20-35 km ukujula kukhona ekhukhwini ezintweni ezingalindelekile zesikhathi esizayo. I last ezinkulu ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Armenia senzeka ngo-1988. Ukundindizela safinyelela amaphuzu 10 ngelulela ezweni lonke, futhi shudders wave wazungeza sonke Earth. Ngenxa yalokho zale nhlekelele emadolobheni amaningi, ebulala abantu ababalelwa 25,000 kwabhujiswa.

impumuzo

Insimu yase-Armenia ukwenza iningi ezintabeni. Republic elinezintaba. Angaphezu kuka 90% yonke insimu yezwe iseningizimu endaweni engamamitha 1000 amamitha. Lezi zindawo aphansi zibhaliswe esigodini ohlangothini eseningizimu yomfula (380 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle). Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Armenia - entabeni Aragats ububanzi. Itholakala entshonalanga yezwe. Lokhu afanayo kuyinto zokhahlamba kusuka isiqongo esiphakeme 4 Ubude 40 km. Isiqongo aphakeme ifinyelela ezingaphezu kuka 4 ayizinkulungwane amamitha.

15% kuphela endaweni elalihlala emathafeni. Sinenkosi endaweni encane futhi ikakhulu emelelwa agcwalise futhi ayimigodi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke Izindaba plain - Ararati, indawo 3300 sq. km. Itholakala esifundeni entshonalanga yezwe. Naphezu indawo encane, emathafeni kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuphila yezwe. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lezi zindawo ithuba ukuthuthukisa ezolimo.

izici zezulu

indawo Armenia Itholakala nakwezifudumele sezulu zone ngokuphelele. Kodwa izimo sezulu kuleli zwe nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu esifundeni. It kuncike kakhulu kokuwa, okuyinto endaweni echaziwe. Kukhona 6 zezulu esishintshashintshayo. Basuke kwasakazwa isiqondiso altitudinal esishintshashintshayo. On sezwe flat ubuswa a sezulu nakwezifudumele kanye elishisayo nobusika obungabandi enesithwathwa kancane. Ayanda endaweni andayo, kuvele kushise ngenye kuba:

• e ongaphakeme - ezomile ubusika bakhona abubandi futhi efudumele ukhululekile ehlobo;
• e okulingene - ngokulinganisela nehlobo elifudumele kanti afudumele ebusika;
• ezintabeni okusezingeni eliphezulu - isimo sezulu sisivivi Ubusika nesithwathwa abandayo ehlobo cool nge.

Inzika kwandisa ne ukuphakama kusuka 350 mm emathafeni futhi kuze kufinyelele 900 mm izintaba eziphakemeyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu izimo lokushisa kufanele imimoya. Ebusika, zivela ezindaweni enyakatho futhi esentshonalanga ehlobo ubuswa eningizimu futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga.

amaminerali

Armenia - izwe nge enomkhiqizo wokumbiwa phansi ocebile. Ubude uhlole futhi misela zinhlobo ngu-60. Amaminerali metallic atholakala ezifakwa-aluminiyamu, molybdenum insimbi igolide ezifakwa platinum. Armenia endaweni enezintaba ocebile idwala. Lokhu zemabula, ilula, tuff, dolomite, Perlite limestone amatshe.

amanzi maphakathi nezwe

On insimu yezwe ezobhekwa imithombo komhlaba amanzi amaminerali cishe 700, okuyinto luphulukisa. Mayelana izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, la manzi aziwayo bonke abahlali ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union. Yingakho abaningi ngaphambili ezama Armenia ukuze sithuthukise impilo yakho.

Leli zwe ligcwele kwemithombo yamanzi. On insimu yalo kukhona emifuleni mayelana 9500, kukhona amachibi angaphezu kuka-100. Umfula elikhulu Armenia - Akhuryan, Debed, Hrazdan, Arpa. Leli chibi elikhulu kunawo wonke - Lake Sevan.

Nagorno-Karabakh

Sekuyisikhathi eside phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili (Armenia ne-Azerbaijan) yathatha ukungqubuzana Ethno nezombangazwe. Nokho, ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, uye waqinisa ngomfutho ovuselelwe. Ngo-1991 saqala emikhulu ezempi lokhu kwathinta izakhamizi wawo womabili la mazwe. They lasted iminyaka emine. Ngo-May 1994, idokhumenti phezu sokubeka, Nokho, zisayinwe ebese kube yilolu suku Nagorno-Karabakh - insimu uphikise ye-Armenia ne-Azerbaijan.