Inqubo ngokumiswa lenkampani. Ukumiswa lenkampani nezikweletu: inqubo, izindlela, isikhathi

Admissibility ka ekuvalweni kwenhlangano kwezohwebo noma engenzi-nzuzo iqinile umthetho civil Russia, ikakhulukazi, Izihloko 61-64 Code Civil.

Ukumiswa nokwesula izinhlobo zalo

Ukumiswa kusho ngokwaso njengoba siphetfo inhlangano esemthethweni, futhi ukuba khona yayo. Izindlela ngokumiswa lenkampani zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili. Uhlobo lokuqala - ngokuzikhethela, kwesibili - ophoqelelwe. Kugcine kungenzeka yisinqumo kokushintsha ezobulungiswa.

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kuqedwa inkampani nge kabusha yayo. Nge kabusha kwamalungelo akhe nezimiselo yenkampani zidluliselwa ezinhlanganweni zalo ezintsha wakhiwa ukuqedwa - bathi abayeke ukushumayela.

ukuvalwa ngokuzithandela

Ukugcwaliswa inhlangano indlela yokuzithandela zingenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Khombisa igunya yokubhalisa yiziphi izizathu zesenzo ezifana kungadingeki, futhi sivumele isishaya-mthetho akazange ucacise uhlu ezithile ngezizathu ezifana. Nokho, isibonelo isimo lapho umuntu lomthetho kwavala ngokuqondene ukuzuzwa umgomo (ngaphandle uma yadalwa kuphela le njongo). Ngokwesibonelo, uma abasunguli wadala inkampani isibopho sezomthetho esilinganiselwe, ogama umgomo ukwakhiwa ezithile. Le nhloso itholakala inkampani maphepha. Ekuqedeni umphakathi kungenzeka ukuqeda imodi yokuzithandela.

ngokumiswa ayimpoqo

isigaba Okwesithathu Article 61 we Code Civil icacisa izizathu okungenzeka ukuthi leso inkampani kwavala ngempoqo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo ngokumiswa kungenzeka kuphela ngesisekelo okuyinto Waqala ukusebenza isinqumo senkantolo.

1. Uma ukudalwa inkampani zingeniswe nokwephula ukuthi kungenakususwa, lokhu inkampani ke kungenzeka kwavala isinqumo senkantolo. Kulokhu, ilungelo lokuthola enkantolo ugunyaze umzimba ukuthi isimangalo kungadinga ukubhaliswa isimo invalidation. Ngo ukuhlangabezana nemfuneko we ukuqedwa senzeka (LLC, JSC, kanye nabanye.).
2. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu ezilandelayo ngoba idilize ayimpoqo kungenzeka uboshwe enhlanganweni kahulumeni ukuze inhlangano ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngaphandle kwelayisensi (uma ikhona kuphela okufunekayo ukuze lolu hlobo umsebenzi). Isizathu kungaba iqiniso lokuthi lokhu inkampani akalona ilungu (kumele) enhlanganweni enemitheshwana, kanye ukungabi khona izimvume ezidingekayo ukufinyelela amanye imisebenzi.
3. Uma inkampani uma enze izenzo kungavunyelwa imithetho, ngokuphindiwe noma bawephula ingcaca kwephula umthetho eRussia.
4. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu ezilandelayo osebenza ku izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo, ezifana zenkolo futhi izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zosizo nokunye. N. Endabeni nezinhlangano ezifana umsebenzi unomphela ukuthi kuphambene nemigomo yabo lomthetho, izinhlangano zikahulumeni nesithakazelo kungadinga ngokumiswa kwabo.
5. RF Civil Code ichaza ukuthi ukuyivala ezinkantolo kungaba kwenziwe ngesisekelo isikhalo salona umsunguli. lawo sithunyelwa yinkampani uma akakwazi ukuqhubeka isebenze noma esikhundleni nzima.
6. Yethulwa kuleli Civil Code of the Russian Federation uhlu isisekelo ukuvalwa ayimpoqo alupheli. Ngakho-ke, the Civil Code, onjiniyela sezisungule sub-inquma eyengeziwe engase ukuvalwa ophoqelelwe inkampani ukuphathwa noma yimuphi omunye etholakala Kwezinye izimo njengoba zinikezwa ezinye imithetho.

isizinda ekhethekile

Ngakho ngesisekelo ubhekwa ukuqedwa izikweletu ngokuhambisana nezihlinzeko zomthetho ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu futhi ezikweletini. Uma inhlangano akulona izimpahla ezanele kanye nezimali ukubala nazo zonke abakweletwayo bayo, ukumisa imisebenzi izinkampani ezinjalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa inkantolo. Kukhona ukuvalwa ngokuzithandela inkampani ezikweletini, kodwa isivumelwano sonke abakweletwayo yayo.

Kufanele kube ngumsebenzi ikhomishana ukuvalwa esungulwe ngumthetho, esizolokhu indlela okumele ilandelwe uma ezinye izizathu. Uma uthola inqubo ekucwileni ezikweletini yokuthi yokuntuleka kwezimali yonkhe isikweletu sabo besithathu, ikhomishana liyadingeka ukuthi uthumele isicelo enkantolo ukumemezela inkampani ungeke uzithole usuwile.

Uma lelo komidi engakaze kunqunywe ke leso sicelo sithunyelwa yi-umsunguli, umnikazi impahla.

emizimbeni ogunyaziwe

Sue yesimangalo ngezizathu ezisohlwini izigaba 1-4 kuthiwa zikahulumeni, ezifana umsebenzi angabelwa ukuba iziphathimandla zendawo, isimo sabo wanika amandla anjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube iziphathimandla zentela, Central Bank of Russia, umzimba federal elawula umsebenzi umshwalense, nabanye. amandla anjalo angase anikezwe lezi ejensi izenzo zomthetho. Ukuze lezi zindikimba yimithetho enjalo kuyoba Tax Code, uMthetho Banks, Womshuwalense iBusiness Act (uma kukhona nokuqedwa inkampani yomshuwalense), lapho la mandla kuthiwa ngokucacile kuhlinzekwe ngoba.

Imisebenzi ngemuva isinqumo

inqubo yenkampani ukuvalwa lide kakhulu, ngisho nakanye nje. Ulwazi ukuthi inhlangano ngokuhamba ukuvalwa aliyikuhamba futhi ezilotshwe Unified State Register of Amabhizinisi wezomthetho. Nge lolu lwazi lutholakale kubo bonke.

Sivumele isishaya-mthetho ukuphathiswa abasunguli izinkampani kwavala ukuthi sinqume ukumisa umsebenzi, eminye imithwalo yemfanelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze uvikele ukwephula amalungelo abantu besithathu, okuyinto kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe nale nqubo, kanye lula a kokuqondisa kangcono State sokufeza inqubo ekunqanyulweni imisebenzi.

Enye yalezi yemfanelo kuyinto ngendlela ngokushesha futhi ifike ngesikhathi (ezinsukwini ezingu-3) isaziso lamahhovisi ukubhaliswa kwezinhlelo yokutholwa izinsuku ukuvalwa oda.

Enye kuyimfanelo amalungu nhlangano ukuze bafeze imisebenzi zokuqeda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni lapho impahla kanye nemali akwanele, ababambiqhaza kumelwe nifeze misebenzi, bekwenza ngezindleko zabo. Uma zenqaba noma ingahlanganyeli ke, amandla wamajaji lingaqoka umphathi ukulamula umbango.

ngokumiswa ikhomishana

Isinyathelo esilandelayo we abahlanganyeli wathatha isinqumo nokuqeda iyona Ukukhetha nokuqokwa ikomidi ukuvalwa, okunikeza kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi ukuqedela umsebenzi. Kusukela kwamiswa lo myalo, kuba ebusayo inkampani.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, nakuba isinqumo nokuqeda futhi wamukela, inkampani kulokhu, akaphelelwa umthamo wayo. Wabuye unawo nelungelo ukungena ukuthengiselana kanye neminye imisebenzi. Into kuphela zonke lezi zenzo manje kufanele enqophe umgomo ofanayo - nokuqedwa kwenhlangano.

Kusolwa ukuthi le khomishana impahla yokufeza imisebenzi ayinikiwe uyokwenza elibanzi, ngokwethembeka ukwenza zonke izenzo zakhe zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo hhayi kuphela inkampani uqobo kodwa futhi abantu abakweletwayo ngalesi simo yayo.

Izici ukuhlakazwa kwezinhlangano kwezomthetho izinhlobo ezihlukene lwenhlangano zomthetho zokuhlola ezasungulwa neziqondiso ezikhethekile elawula umsebenzi wabo. Ngo isikhathi ikomidi ukuvalwa, lapho-ke kumele uqedele inqubo, kudingeka acabangele lezi zici.

Inqubo ukuvalwa

I-oda ngokumiswa lenkampani elandelayo. Ukulandela nokuqokwa kwakhe, kusho ikhomishana ukuvalwa kufanele amemezele isaziso abezindaba ukuphrinta. Lesi simemezelo kumelwe kubonise umuntu lomthetho kwavala, umnqamulajuqu, oda izitatimende izimangalo abakweletwayo webhizinisi kwavala, okuyinto akuyikuba esingaphansi kwezinyanga 2 kusukela osukwini lokushicilelwa.

Ukufakwa isikhangiso abezindaba akusho ukukhulula ekomidini ekucwileni ezikweletini abakweletwayo futhi ukusungulwa isaziso esibhalwe phansi kwenzekani inkampani idilize. Timing nezidingo isicelo ngesikhathi esifanayo ke kumele nazo zicaciswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele usungule futhi izinhlangano abanamacala, ukuze afeze izinyathelo angabuyisela izikweletu kuzo.

Lapho kokuphela zesikhashana-balance sheet iyawakha yokwamukela okushiwo abakweletwayo ngalesi simo. Likhomba ukuthi impahla itholakala kusukela inkampani, uhlu abakweletwayo imininingwane izikweletu ecacisiwe izimfuneko ongene isinqumo amandla senkantolo. Khona-ke, ibhalansi uyakuba necala ukuvunywa namalungu enhlangano, abasunguli balo. Ingqikithi yale Okusele ukuhlonza zonke esikweletini, ukubalwa yonke impahla kanye sokunquma nokwanela komhiaba ukukhokha off bonke kweletu. izimangalo Abakweletisi 'kufanele lusekelwe izincwadi ezilotshiwe. Kungaba isinqumo senkantolo, iimvumelwano esiphethwe manje kwavala, izibambiso nokunye. N.

Ukwaneliseka okufunwayo abakweletwayo 'wenziwa kanje. Ekuqaleni, lezi zidingo zifeziwe enhlanganweni ekhona ngokheshi. Uma labo azanele, owenza ukugcwaliseka lonke impahla. Yamadivayisi hlelo luqhutshwa indali. Kulokhu, ukuqhudelana ayidingekile uma ukubaluleka into ruble ngaphansi kuka-100 000. Nge ukuntula impahla bathengisa umlandu udluliselwa ekhotho sokuqashelwa ungeke uzithole usuwile.

Emva kokuphothula zasemizaneni abakweletwayo, uKhomishane ulungisa yokugcina ukuvalwa-balance sheet, futhi ovunyelwe iSigungu abasunguli. Uma emva zonke izibalo, inkampani uhlala nganoma iyiphi indlela, basuke idluliselwe abasunguli. Zonke imibhalo kufanele zithunyelwe ogunyaziwe isimo umzimba.

Kusukela USRLE okwenza ukuqedwa idatha inkampani inkampani uyashabalala futhi kubhekwa ababezobulawa.

Ama-Akhawunti ekhokhwayo

Kubalwa nge wesithathu oluphathelene naye lowo muntu lomthetho ekukhokheni, kuyakuba kuncike kuqala. Umthetho usungula izigaba ezine, ngasinye nezidingo ukuthi kumelwe zaneliswe ngemva ukwaneliseka ngensolo owedlule.

• Okokuqala - izakhamuzi, okungekhona inkampani umthwalo enza umonakalo ekuphileni kwabo noma impilo.
• indawo Okwesibili - inkokhelo, severance pay kwabasebenzi inhlangano engokomthetho kwavala, kanye izinkokhelo abahleli.
• indawo Okwesithathu - izinkokhelo saziso nesabelomali.
• indawo Okwesine - omunye abakweletwayo ngalesi simo.

Ama-Akhawunti ekhokhwayo lezi emigqeni uqale masinyane emva imvume zesikhashana-balance sheet.

Phuma abakweletwayo kabani nezikweletu uqinisekisa isifungo impahla inkampani kwavala. izimfuno zabo ziyafezwa kusukela yokudayisa we izibambiso. Sinenkosi inzuzo phezu kwezinye abakweletwayo, ngaphandle kwalezo kusuka esigabeni 1 no 2, ngaphambi kokuthi kube nokuzibophezela kusuka kunoma iyiphi inkampani ngaphambi kokusayina inkontileka ka isibambiso. Uma imali abayithole ngokuthengisa insimu izibambiso awanele ukuhlawulela izono yonke imali eyayiyikweleta ukuba abakweletwayo okuphephile, ingxenye ulahlekile yesikweletu idluliselwe endaweni yesine.

Kulesi sibalo ne abakweletwayo, uma ungenayo imali eyanele ukwaneliseka eliphelele izimangalo zabo, izimali abelwe ngokulingana imali izimangalo zabo.

inhlangano Akusebenzi

Ngaphansi isisekelo ahlukene kungenziwa kwavala inhlangano engokomthetho, okuyinto kungakapheli nonyaka owodwa bangayeki yokubika umthetho nimi izintela kanye nemisebenzi. Futhi ukuze kubhekwe kanjani ngomuntu onjalo ukuba ayeke umsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuthi akwenziwa ngalesi sikhathi kunoma imuphi umsebenzi yasebhange.

Ukuqothuka iyinhlangano esemthethweni

Ukuqothuka ingenye izizathu ukuqedwa inkampani. Kanye isidingo ukuqeda inkampani, ucabanga kungaba kwenziwe ngokuzithandela noma compulsorily. Isibonakaliso main ukuthi umuntu wezomthetho iba yimali, kuyinto ukuguquguquka yayo, okungukuthi, ukungakwazi asule zonke abakweletwayo yayo. adalule ngokugcwele izici umangalelwa nofana umangali ucabanga zoMthetho Federal "Ngo abaLawula (Ukuqothuka)". Esinye salezo zibonakaliso ucabanga ukuthi umthetho eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima inikeza hhayi kuphela inqubo lapho inkampani ivela nokuqedwa kwesikolodo, kodwa futhi zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi okuhloswe ngazo yokutakula wezimali ka inhlangano engokomthetho futhi settlement letitako abakweletwayo.