Inkanyezi egqamile esibhakabhakeni. Sirius Star - Alpha Canis

astronomy Modern wahlukanisa sphere yasezulwini ezindaweni ezithile, ukushaya nemilaza yazo. kwesigaba ngasinye siqukethe emashumini futhi ngezinye izikhathi inqwaba yezinkanyezi. Ezinsukwini ubudala bona lula by nabelane umlaza ngamunye izibalo ehlukahlukene. Wye imigqa, imidwebo yakudala wathola, ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza izidalwa zasemhlabeni. Ngakho lapho Ipigogo iKhima, Crane, Dorado nabanye. Kuleli qophelo embhalweni esenyakatho Nenkabazwe 47 ezinkanyezi, naseNingizimu - 41. Kukholakala ukuthi inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni enyakatho e umlaza Canis Major (Canis Major ngesiLatini).

Greater Inja

Ngokuhlanganisa yonke imigqa e umlaza izinkanyezi, sithola sibalo, into efana inja. Sekukonke, it has 148 izinkanyezi. Singabona 80 kubo kuphela, futhi isizwe esivelele kakhulu kulokho Sirius. Lokhu inkanyezi ekhanya Likhipha kukhanya bluish esibhakabhakeni, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuba uphawule. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kubhekwa umholi Sirius lokukhanya, hhayi kuphela e-iKhima, kodwa futhi eMbusweni omkhulu ngobusuku obucwathile emhlabeni wonke. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, ngakho abantu unake okukhethekile ke.

It kungabonakala eNorthern futhi Southern ama- planethi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi liseduze kakhulu yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Kuphela eduze Sirius Alpha Centauri, Wolf 359, inkanyezi futhi oyisichwe obomvu Bernard Lalande.

Phakathi kwelanga Sirius ibanga zeminyaka ukukhanya 8,64. Uma eqhathaniswa indawo nezinye izinkanyezi e-Milky Way, lokhu ibanga ubhekwa azinakwa. Uma ungenalo acabangele iplanethi ngobukhulu ohlelweni lwethu, lokhu inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu kuhamba phambili ebonakalayo esibhakabhakeni.

Sirius

Kuze mayelana Maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye kukholakala ukuthi Sirius yedwa wonke esibhakabhakeni, kanti ngo-1844 akuzange ukubeka phambili imfundiso yokuthi eduze kuba neqembu elikhulu, ayibonakali iso womuntu. Leli qiniso aphakanyisiwe isazi sezinkanyezi Fridrih Vilgelm Bessel eJalimane. Lo mbono wakha isimiso yasezulwini umzimba ezinyakazayo kanye trajectory ngokumuka kwakhe.

Ngokubona kwakhe, kuba umzimba ongabonakali, kanye Sirius uzungeza e uhlobo olufanayo, futhi ibalwa ukujikeleza iphelile engamashumi ayisihlanu. Kodwa umbono wakhe kunqatshelwe ngamanye izazi zezinkanyezi abahlonishwa esekelwe yokushoda kobufakazi enokwehla. Ukuze afakazele icala labo, uFriedrich akakwazanga kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, futhi ngemva eyishumi nesithupha iminyaka e Melika isibonakude umenzi nguAlevan Grehem Klark ngibona enye nendikimba ethile esemkhathini eduze inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni. Ngenxa lokhu Sirius waqala ukubuka, futhi ngokushesha sezinkanyezi theory German kwaqinisekiswa.

I umboniso wezinsiza

Ngemva impela kancane isikhathi, izazi zezinkanyezi bakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani Sirius ihamba kulo mgwaqo kunezinja trajectory. Zonke daba inkanyezi, okuyinto elilandelayo - ososayensi walinika igama isimo Sirius B. Ezazimzungezile - oyisichwe ezimhlophe, okungasekelwe iArmagedoni ukusabela. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi kunobukhulu bendawo nendikimba ethile esemkhathini ilingana mass of the Sun, nakuba ubukhulu lincane kakhulu. Yingakho Sirius B yaheha nabanye izinkanyezi, kubenze azungeze trajectory ezithile. Indlela yena futhi kudlulela inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni - Sirius A.

Sirius B kwaba umboniso wezinsiza lokuqala kokuba yisisindo esikhulu enjalo. Ososayensi sinqume ukuthi lezi zinkanyezi mayelana amathathu namashumi million eminyakeni. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi lapho Sirius isanda kusungulwa, kwakugcwele bezinto ezimbili, enye yazo mkhulu mass inkanyezi yethu kahlanu, elinye - kabili. Ukukhanya lokuqala eshile yaphenduka ebonakalayo thina Sirius B ngenhloso ububanzi encishisiwe kanye mass esikhulu. Sirius A agcinwayo impahla yayo, ukuze abantu bajabulele Ukubengezela yayo akuyona nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka.

Abomvu ukuvutha Sirius

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu abacabanga ahlukahlukene futhi wabukela Sirius, kodwa imibono yabo, kukhona iphethini engajwayelekile: bona bonke waphawula ukuthi inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni kuya eningizimu Likhipha kukhanya abomvu. inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu obomvu okuthiwa ke sefilosofi esingumRoma futhi isakhamuzi elihloniphekile Lutsiy Anney Seneka. I kukhanya efanayo wabukela futhi Klavdiy Ptolemey ngekhulu lesine BC. Umuntu ubengacabanga ukuthi umbala izinkanyezi wasonteka ngenxa Nenkabazwe, lapho Ababebukele. Kodwa emlandweni astronomy Chinese, kukhona amarekhodi inkanyezi ebomvu, wathi usosayensi Syma Tsyan. Cishe kuzo zonke izizwe endulo kabashiyanga irekhodi ngumbukwane obungajwayelekile. Ososayensi, izazi zezinkanyezi wacabanga ukuthi asanda (izindinganiso wezulu), inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngibomvu.

Le nguqulo esemthethweni ukuvutha obomvu

Kodwa nanku isayensi olusemthethweni akazange avumelane lesi sitatimende. Bakholelwa ukuthi isikhathi esinjalo esifushane akukho izinguquko ezinkulu Sirius ayikwazanga zenzeka. Ngokusho kwezazi yesimanje, Abantu bangaleso sikhathi ngifuna ukusibekela lokho akubona, okwenezela incazelo epithets elikhanyayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ubuka kuye ku ngukuhlwa, kwaba ngukusa, singabona ukuthi Sirius twinkles - ukuthi siyafiliza obuhlanekezela ukukhanya kwayo kweqiniso.

khonza Sirius

Ukuze siqonde okushiwo izinkolelo nemikhuba esekelwe ekukhulekeleni inkanyezi, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ukuthi hhayi nje ukuthi kungabonwa eyayivela kuzo zonke izingxenye Umhlaba eminyaka amaningi, kodwa futhi sisebenza kunoma yikuphi umlaza we Sirius inkanyezi. Ngokwesibonelo, Sumerians bambiza nge umcibisholo lenkolo yabo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ukuthi lokhu boom ithumele unkulunkulu Ninurta. Kodwa amaGibhithe wayekholelwa ukuthi le nkanyezi limelela Soptet unkulunkulukazi.

Egypt

Buka le inkanyezi waqala enye izazi zezinkanyezi waseGibhithe. By the way, kungasiza ukucacisa uma iNayile. Babekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa izinyembezi unkulunkulukazi u-Isis, ngalila umyeni wakhe, u-Osiris, unkulunkulu wezolimo. Futhi eGibhithe lasendulo abalwa ngonyaka akulona Sun, futhi Sirius.

Greece

Kodwa ngo zamaGreki, igama elithi "Sirius" yinguqulo ngqo - "elikhanyayo". AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni ngoJanuwari - kuyinto Orion Canis Major. Futhi, AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi inja ivuliwe umzila we-Pleiades, okuyinto kuzingelwa ngoba u-Osiris, nokujaha Hare.

Lubhalwe ngesiLatini, futhi le nkanyezi yokuvakasha, okusho "umdlwane". Lezo zikhathi lapho Sirius kwaba kubonakale kakhulu bonke, babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izinsuku inkanyezi. Kulezi zinsuku akukwazi yini ukwenza, futhi ukwenza kanjalo kwaba nzima ngoba babengamaqhawe ezishisa konyaka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu bendabuko New Zealand, ahlonishwe inkanyezi Sirius njengenhlangano incarnation ubuNkulunkulu Rehua usahlala esibhakabhakeni eliphakeme.

Isi-Dogon

yokukhulekela Iningi ongaqondakali Sirius okwamanje kubhekwe inkonzo le nkanyezi esizweni Isi-Dogon. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isayensi yanamuhla eye esisanda kutholakala Sirius B, nabakhe kuleli isizwe liye eyaziwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Futhi sazi kahle ukuthi lisebenze yasendlini futhi ezingeni lolwazi Isi-Dogon namanje ezingeni lasekuqaleni. Libuye uzinake neqiniso lokuthi ikhalenda besizwe elakhiwa zamashumi amahlanu isikhathi ezibangelwa nje ukuba inkathi ukujikeleza umboniso wezinsiza emhlabeni elikhanyayo inkanyezi Sirius A. Dlulisa amehlo le nkanyezi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle imishini, kuyilapho Isi-Dogon ngisho amathuluzi bakudala observation kwesibhakabhaka lapho.

isiphetho

Inkanyezi bhá esibhakabhakeni - Sirius. It kungabonakala kokubili eNingizimu Nenkabazwe futhi kusukela North. Thina ukubukela le nkanyezi isikhathi eside, futhi ekugcineni ngafunda ukusebenzisa lokho umlaza i-Sirius inkanyezi - ibizwa ngokuthi umlaza Canis Major. Kukholakala ukuthi le nkanyezi kuyinto yesibili ebaluleke kunazo emva Sun uMhlaba. Kuze kube manje, imininingwane eminingi legends elihlobene ne Sirius, kubhekwe imfihlakalo isayensi yesimanje. Yingakho abantu abaningi bezibuza ukuthi lo inkanyezi, esemgwaqweni usondelene kakhulu kithi.