Ifilosofi Yokhanyiswa KweFrance

Ekhulwini le-18, iFransi yayiyisikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komnotho wezezimali. Ngalesi sikhathi, leli lizwe lilungiselela ukuguqulwa okunamandla nokulungiswa kabusha - kwaphela nayo yonke inguquko eyaziwayo ye- bourgeois. Kwakukhona ngale ndlela ukuthi ifilosofi yokukhanya kweFrance yaqala.

Ngenkambo enjalo yentuthuko, izwe, njengezwe, lidinga incazelo ethile yezenzakalo, ukuhlelwa kolwazi ulwazi. Isikhathi sokuvuselela eFrance sibonakala ngesimo sengqondo esibi kakhulu ngokuphathelene nobuholi bemvelo, amalungelo abantu abamele imvelaphi emihle. Ifilosofi yokukhanyisa isiFulentshi yagxeka inkolo futhi yaqonda ukuthi isonto liyingxenye yethonya lomphakathi kanye nendlela yokuphatha abantu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingqondo ezinkulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi zazikholelwa ukuthi umsuka wazo zonke izinto ezimbi ngokungazi izakhamizi ezivamile, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okulinganiselwe kuphazamiseka umbono ovamile weqiniso, ukuqonda kwamalungelo abo njengomuntu. Ifilosofi yenhlalakahle yokukhanya kweFrance yayisekelwe embonweni wemfundo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi abahlonishwayo kanye nomndeni wasebukhosini badinga imfundo, kwakudingeka bachaze zonke izicashi zikahulumeni.

Ifilosofi ye- French Ukukhanya kanye nezinkomba zayo eziyinhloko . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, amaphuzu amathathu amakhulu okubuka awakhiwa ngokucacile, ngalinye lalinabalandeli nabalandeli balo:

• Ukukhohlisa - lesi siqondiso sabenqaba umbono kaNkulunkulu siqu nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isimiso sikaNkulunkulu sinethonya ngenkathi yezenzakalo;
• Ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo - kuthuthukiswe ngaphansi kwethonya lesayensi, ikakhulukazi imishini. Abadlali balesi simo babecabanga ukuthi ifilosofi kufanele ivuse yonke idatha yesayensi. Yiqiniso, ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu kunqatshelwe ngokweqile. Ososayensi bachaza ukuthi umhlaba ukhona kuphela kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi yemvelo;
• I-socialist, noma i-utopian, isiqondiso sathuthuka emva kokuguqulwa;

I-Philosophy Yokukhanya KwaseFrance: Voltaire . Mhlawumbe, lena ingenye yezibalo ezidume kakhulu zesimasiko nefilosofi emlandweni. Lo mbhali owaziwayo ngesikhathi esithile walahla inkolo nemithetho yayo, esejoyine iqembu labahluleli. Yiqiniso, uVoltaire akazange alahle ukholo kuNkulunkulu. Kodwa wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu udala umhlaba kuphela, umbeka ukunyakaza okuthile futhi akavimbeli izinto ekuhambeni zodwa.

Lo mcwaningi odumile washumayela isimo sengqondo esibucayi kubantu abavamile. Noma kunjalo, wayekholelwa ukuthi umbuso kuphela kuphela owuhlobo oluhle kakhulu lukahulumeni. Wabona inkinga kuphela kulaba babusi kanye nokwehluleka kwabo ukunakekela abantu abampofu abangafundile.

Ifilosofi yesiKhanyiso saseFrance nabameleli bayo .

UZh.Zh.Russo ungumunye wefilosofi owaziwayo, umlobi nomfundisi. Wenqaba igunya lesonto ngenxa yenkolelo-ze, ukuhlukunyezwa okungenabulungisa nokushiseka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, waqaphela ukuthi uhulumeni udinga inkolo ezokwenza izakhamizi amalungu ewusizo emphakathini. Waze wadala umqondo wezinkolo "zomphakathi," okwakusho ukukholelwa ekufeni emva kokufa, ukukhokhwa okuqondile kwemisebenzi, umvuzo wokuhle nokujeziswa kokubi.

I-Lametrie - yayingakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akakholelwa futhi yamenqaba amathuba okuba khona kukaNkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wenqabe ukubaluleka kwenkolo ebantwini futhi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwangempela kuza kuphela nesipiliyoni. Le safilosofi wayethembele emcabangweni wokuthi wonke umuntu uzalwa embi, enobuningi futhi enonya. Futhi ubuhle kanye nezinye izimfanelo ezinhle zitholakala enkambweni yemfundo efanele.

Diderot - lo usosayensi wayenombono ohlukile ngokuphila. Wakholelwa ukuthi umuntu ngokwemvelo uzalelwa kahle. Okubi kwenzeka lapho umuntu ekhula. Ukuziphatha kwesizwe kuxhomeke emithethweni, ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle lukahulumeni kanye nendlela yokuphila.