I-US Army: amandla. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-US Army kanye nebutho laseRussia

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, isintu siphumelele izindlela zethonya lobudlova futhi sibulala ubuhlobo babo. Umlando usikhombisa ukuthi amazwe aqinile, okwakuningi, ahlanganiswe yimpi. Futhi inhlanhla empini, njengoba siyazi, incike ebucikweni bokubulala. Yiqiniso, namuhla abantu bahamba kancane kancane ekuthambekeni kokuxazulula izinkinga ngokusebenzisa impi yezempi, ngoba banomthelela omuhle kubantu bombuso othile kanye nomnotho jikelele wezimakethe zomhlaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, abantu baqaphela amandla okubhubhisa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezingxabano zempi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubamba kwabo akusizi ngalutho kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici asithinte nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuthi noma yimuphi umbuso kufanele ube nebutho elinamandla futhi eliphumelelayo. Phela, umphakathi womhlaba, ngokuyinhloko, ukhululekile futhi awuzinzile. Namuhla kubambisana, kusasa kulwa. Isongo sokuqala kwengxabano yempi egcwele njalo, ikakhulukazi uma sicabanga ukuthi kukhona inqwaba yezingxabano zendawo endaweni yesifunda ezahlukene kuze kube manje. Ngakho-ke, amanye amazwe atshale imali eningi emabuthaneni abo ukuqinisekisa ukulwa kwabo.

Elinye lala mazwe lingabizwa ngokuthi i-United States of America. I-Army yase-US, inomboro yayo ezovezwa kamuva kulesi sihloko, yiyona eyakhiwe kakhulu empini ekwazi ukulwa emhlabeni, njengoba kuboniswa yizici zobuntu.

I-United States Army: Incazelo

I-US Army, enezikhwepha zayo ezizocutshungulwa ngokuqhubekayo, iyingxenye yezimpi ezihlomile zase-United States of America. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama elithi "ibutho" alisho zonke izinhlobo zempi ezikhona ezweni, ngaphandle kokunye. Leli gama lisho amabutho omhlaba kuphela . Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunesibopho sokwenza, okokuqala, ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokuxabana komhlaba. Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu kunomlando omude wokwakheka kanye nesakhiwo saso.

Usuku lokusekelwa kwebutho laseMelika

I-US Army, inomboro yayo ezocatshangwa kulesi sihloko, isethi yamasiko ahlelwe ngokomlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwakhiwa kwezempi kunendlela ende futhi eyithakazelisayo yokwakheka kwayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ibutho lemodeli yanamuhla e-US livela e-Army Continental Army, eyakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukulwa nokuzimela kukaMelika ngoJuni 14, 1775. Kuwo wonke umlando, ukubunjwa kwezempi okukhulunywe ngakho kulesi sihloko kwabandakanya inani elikhulu lezimpikazi zezwekazi kanye nokusebenza kwempi kwamanye amazwekazi. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ubukhulu be-US Army namuhla buyingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngoba imisebenzi eminingi yempi kufanele iqhutshwe ukuvikela izithakazelo zombuso kude nemingcele yaseMelika. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha hhayi kuphela kwamayunithi angaphandle kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi nokugcina izinga elifanele lokuvikela ezweni.

Ikhulu le-XVIII - ukuqala kokukhona

Njengoba kukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili, i-US Army, inomboro yayo ezokwethula kamuva kulesi sihloko, ivele ngo-1775, okungukuthi ngoJuni 14. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwakhiwa kwalesi sigaba sempi kwakuyimpi yokuzimela ngaphandle kokulawulwa kweBrithani.

Isakhiwo se-US Army ngaleso sikhathi sasimelwe ngeyunithi ehlangene yazo zonke izifunda eziseNyakatho Melika. Umholi omkhulu wezempi uGeorge Washington. Ukubunjwa kwezempi kwafaka amandla ayo okulwa nokukwazi ukusebenza ngesikhathi sempi. Phela, ngo-1783 impi yokuzimela kukaMelika yaphela ngokunqotshwa kweNgilandi, ngenxa yokunqoba okukhulu kwezihlubuki eSaratoga kanye nesiphetho seSivumelwano SaseVersailles.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi womhlaba waqaphela i-United States njengesizwe. Ukwenqabela kwabantu ukukhonza amabutho angunaphakade ngesikhathi sokuthula kwaholela ekubeni i-Continental Army kwadingeka ihlakazwe. Nokho, ukuhlaselwa njalo kwamaNdiya kwaholela ekwakheni isakhiwo esisha sezempi ezweni lonke. Ngakho, ngo-1791 iLegion of the United States yadalwa.

American Legion

Esikhathini esiphakathi kuka-1791 kuya ku-1796, ukwakheka kwezempi okwenziwa njalo emkhakheni waseMelika kwakuyiLegion, eyakhiwa nguGeneral Wayne. Eqinisweni, kwakuyi-US Army, amandla ayo ngaleso sikhathi ayengamadoda angaba ngu-4 500. I-Legion, njengombuso, yaqashwa kwamanye amavolontiya okuyokhonza, i-term jikelele yayo eyayiyiminyaka emithathu. Inhloso eyinhloko yokwakhiwa kwezempi kwakungumzabalazo wezizwe zamaNdiya enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe. Ukungqubuzana kwezempi edume kakhulu, lapho iLegion yaba khona khona, kwakuyi-Battle of Timber Timbers.

Umlando we-US Army ngekhulu le-XIX

Izingxabano zempi ensimini yaseMelika azizange ziphele futhi ngekhulu le-XIX. Ngokuyinhloko bazimisela ukudalwa nokusebenza kwesikhashana kwe-US Army. Into yokuqala ebalulekile ekuziphendukeni kwezempi kuleli zwe kwakuyizingxabano zase-Anglo-Amerika zango-1812-1815. Izigaba zokuqala zempi zazibhubhise ngempela amabutho ase-US, njengoba behluleka ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kweBrithani eWashington. Nokho, kakade empini ngaseNew Orleans ngo-1814, amabutho aseBrithani ayema futhi anqotshwa. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe impi enhle phakathi kwe-United States neMexico, ngenxa yalokho ohlangothini lwama-America alwamukela amasimu amaningi ngokwanele.

Umkhakha wezempi wase-US ekhulwini lama-20

Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi i-US Army yahluma ngekhulu lama-20. Kuleli khulu leminyaka izimpi ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni wesintu zenzeka. Iyokuqala yayiyiMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngo-1917, i-US ijoyina i-Entente. Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, amandla e-US Army ayengabantu abangaba ngu-174 abayizinkulungwane. Lokhu kwakwanele ukuhlanganyela empini neJalimane, eJapane nase-Italy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1973, iMelika yayilwa eVietnam.

Isakhiwo se-US Army

I-US Army ngokumelene nebutho laseRussia ivame ukufaniswa uhlobo lokubunjwa kwezakhiwo zamasosha. Kule nkinga, uhlobo lwe-American of structuring units luzohluka ngezindlela eziningi kusuka eRussia. Ibutho laseMelika namuhla linamacici alandelayo: izixhumanisi ngqo eziyinhloko noma nje i-US Army, isivikelo sikazwelonke kanye nendawo yokugcina.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-reservists (aqokiwe) ahlangana ngenyanga ngenhlangano yemibuthano ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile zihlala cishe amasonto amathathu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umlindi wesizwe kanye nebutho akuzona izakhiwo ezifanayo ezisemqoka. Imisebenzi yabo yokusebenza ihluke ngokuphelele, njengoba kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Umthetho ovamile wezempi

I-US Army, ibutho elivamile noma amabutho angunaphakade unomthetho othile wezomthetho wemisebenzi yabo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezincwadi ezisemthethweni eziqondisa ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omhlaba kanye nokuqapha kukazwelonke. Lesi sici siboniswe ku-athikili 32 no-10 weKhowudi yeMithetho yase-United States of America.

Mayelana nenhlangano yangaphakathi kulezi zamasosha, ngaleyo njongo, amashadi nemiyalelo isetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abasebenzi beNational Guard, njengombuso, basebenza imithetho yangaphakathi ye-US Army. Ngesikhathi sokuthula, lezi zakhiwo zamasosha zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile zesigungu esiphezulu sombuso, futhi ngesikhathi sokulwa nomyalo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, uhulumeni wase-United States unelungelo lokuhoxisa noma yiziphi izingxenye ezikhona ze-National Guard kusukela ekuqondiseni iziphathimandla zesifunda.

Izinga lokuphathwa kwezempi

Ukuphathwa kwezempi kwe-US Army kwenziwa yi-Main Directorate of the Army, okuyinto eyingxenye yoMnyango Wezokuvikela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi walomzimba unezici ezithile kusukela ekubukeni kwemigomo jikelele yokuphatha. Eqinisweni, i-General Directorate iyinkonzo ehlukene, ngoba inezinhlobo eziningi zemisebenzi. Nanobe kunjalo, kusukela embonweni wezomthetho, inkonzo enkonzweni ayinalutho. Ngakho-ke, ukuphathwa kwamandla omhlaba kuyisakhiwo esingaphansi kwesigceme.

Ukuphathwa ezingeni lezikhali zempi

I-Army yase-US, enezinombolo zemishini kanye nezisebenzi ezizovela kamuva kulesi sihloko, nayo inezixhobo zamasosha ezixhumanisa imisebenzi yayo. Lokhu kwakheka okukhulu kusebenza ngokulawula jikelele nokulawulwa komsebenzi wamanje wamandla omhlabathi. Amadivayisi ezempi aphethwe yi-Commander-in-Chief of the US Army, futhi futhi, iyingxenye yeJCS (Joint Chiefs of Staff). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Glavkom ibhekene nokuqeqeshwa kokulwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokuhlelwa kokusetshenziswa kokulwa kwebutho.

Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwemigqa emibili ehlukene yokulawula imisebenzi ye-US Army kwenza kube nokwandisa ukuphumelela kwalesi sakhiwo, kanye nokusemthethweni nentando yeningi ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yayo esheshayo. I-US Army kanye nebutho laseRussia, eliqhathaniswa kaningi namuhla, lifana nomunye lapho kukhona khona izakhiwo ezimbili ezizimele zokulawula.

Usayizi wamasosha kanye nesakhiwo sabasebenzi

Esinye sezici eziningi kakhulu eziMpi ZaseMelika namuhla yi-US Army. Amandla amabutho ahlomile alo mbuso abasebenzi abangu-1,492,209. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abangu-539.675 bahilelekile empi. Ngakho-ke, inani labasebenzi abathintekayo kule nhlangano ye-US Army Forces liwubufakazi bokukwazi ukulwa okukhulu kunabo bonke. Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo esijwayelekile sebutho, sinezigaba ezingu-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinyunithi ezithile ezikhethekile, ngenhloso, isibalo sezindiza, ukuhlonishwa, ukulawula, njll. Isici esibalulekile sokwakhiwa kwamabutho namuhla uMlondolozi Kazwelonke. Inombolo yayo, abasebenzi kanye nemisebenzi esebenzayo inezici ezithile, njengoba kuzoboniswa ngezansi.

Umqondo we-National Guard

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ibutho likhona ukuze kulondolozwe ukuvikeleka kwangaphandle kombuso, futhi amaphoyisa alethe oda ngaphakathi ezweni. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo kunezimo lapho amabutho omthetho nomyalelo ehluleka ukubhekana nenani elikhulu lezinkinga eziye zavela. Isibonelo, ngezimpikiswano eziningi, izinhlekelele zemvelo, njll. Ngomsebenzi onjalo, ibutho lase-US livame ukusetshenziswa, okugcinwa kuwo amandla okulinda kazwelonke. Yimpi yokugcina esetshenziswa kulezi zimo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abantu abambalwa bayayazi ukuthi idatha yokwakheka ingakanani. Zikhona kuzo zonke izifunda, kodwa zinegama elihlukile. Isibonelo, lapho ibutho lase-US liqhathaniswa nebutho laseRussia, emazweni womabili kungenzeka ukuthola amayunithi afanayo emisebenzini yawo. Kuphela eRussia, i-National Guard ibizwa ngamabutho angaphakathi. Nakuba ubukhulu balezi zinyunithi azishintshi kulo lonke.

Ngakho-ke, i-National Guard yiluhlobo lwempi ehlomile. Ihlelwe ngokuqondile esakhiweni esinjenge-US Army, isithombe esinikezwa kulesi sihloko, kanye nomoya womoya. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyisabelo seMpi. Iqukethe abasebenzi abanoqeqesho lwezempi futhi abadingi ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe.

Umthethonqubo ovamile wemisebenzi yoMgcini kaZwelonke

Njenganoma yisiphi isakhiwo sempi e-United States, i-National Guard isebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka lwencwadi yomthetho. Kukhona inamba enkulu yezenzo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile ezakha isisekelo somthetho somsebenzi walesi sakhiwo. Lokhu kufaka lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Izenzo mayelana namabutho (1792), mayelana nokuthunyiswa kwabantu, mayelana nezempi (1862).
2. Ukuchitshiyelwa kwikhodi yamaphoyisa, ekhishwe kusukela ngo-1881 kuya ku-1892.
3. UMthetho Wezokuvikela Kazwelonke we-1916.
4. Yenza ukugqugquzelwa koMgcini kaZwelonke ngo-1933.
5. Inqubomgomo yeMpi yama-Armed United States ka-1973.
6. UMthetho Wokuvikela Kazwelonke ka-2008.

Inombolo yokwakheka kanye nezici zesevisi

Kuze kube manje, abasebenzi abangaba ngu-467,587 bakhonza ku-National Guard. Ukunciphisa la mabutho kuqhutshwa kokubili emazingeni kazwelonke nakwahulumeni. Kulesi simo, isidingo sokubusa okunjalo kudingekile. Phela, i-National Guard ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile.

Kumele kuqashelwe isimiso esithakazelisayo somsebenzi wezinto ezinjalo ezimelele njenge-US Army, isithombe esinikezwe kulesi sihloko. Isevisi ku-National Guard akusiyo yonke indawo. Abasebenzi bayo banama-reservists abaya emakilasini akhethekile ngezimpelasonto izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakamu aqhutshwa minyaka yonke, lapho abaqaphi bezwe bekhonza ndawonye namabutho avamile. Uma kwenzeka isimemezelo sokugqugquzela, inani elithile labasebenzi be-National Guard lingase lihileleke ekusebenzeni kwezempi njengengxenye yebutho.

I-US Army nebutho laseRussia: Ukuqhathaniswa

Muva nje, ososayensi bavame ukwenza izici ezifanisayo zama-US namabutho aseRussia. Lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba lawa mandla amakhulu kunawo wonke namuhla. Kodwa-ke, cishe bonke ososayensi banamuhla banendaba nombuzo: ubani onamandla emaqenjini ezempi?

Uma sihlaziya amandla e-US Army neRussia, uhlangothi lwaseMelika luzuza kakhulu. Ema-Armed Forces ase-United States, abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-1 bahilelekile, futhi emaqenjini aseRussia ahlomile kukhona ama-790,000 kuphela. Emkhakheni wezwe jikelele, leli gale alilona likhulu kakhulu, kepha empini yezinga eligcwele kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngokuqondene nezikhali zobuchwepheshe, khona-ke i-US igxuma ngemuva. Amabutho aseMelika aseMelika namuhla anamathani angama-7 000. I-Russian Federation ilungele ukuphikisa cishe 5000 okunjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kusitoreji namuhla, i-Russian Federation inezinkampani ezingu-12 500. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka impi ephelele, i-Russian Federation izoba namandla amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe, kodwa kulokhu umuntu akanakuqhathanisa ikhwalithi yobuchwepheshe besinye icala.

Ngakho, lesi sihloko sitshela ukuthi yini i-US Army. Esigodini samabutho aseMelika, njengoba kuchaziwe, inani elikhulu labantu kanye nemishini lisuka, kodwa amandla eqiniso alombuso alo mhlaba kuphela angahlaziywa empini ephelele, esithembayo, ngeke iqale.