I-Rondo yikho? Iyini i-rondo kumculo?

"I-Rage ngenxa ye-penny elahlekile" nguL. Beethoven, "I-rondo yaseTurkey" ka-WA Mozart, "Isingeniso neRondo Capriccioso" nguSaint-Saens ... Le mi sebenzi ehlukene ihlanganiswe ngokuthi ibhaliwe ngosizo olulodwa Ifomu lomculo elifanayo. Abaqambi abaningi abadumile basebenzise emsebenzini wabo. Kodwa yini i-rondo, indlela yokuhlukanisa ngayo nezinye izinhlobo zobuciko bomculo? Ake siqale ngokuchaza lo mbono futhi siqonde ubuqili bawo.

Izinkondlo

Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi leli gama libuye libheke ezindaweni ezimbili - izincwadi nomculo. Futhi lokhu akuqinisekisi ngokuphelele. Ekhuluma izinkondlo, i-rondo ingenye yefomu lezinkondlo.

Iqukethe ukwakheka okhethekile, okuqukethe imigqa engu-15, imigqa yesishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye emele amagama okuqala okuqala. Leli fomu lavela eFrance ngekhulu le-XIV futhi lisetshenziswe ngokuqinile ezinkondlweni zaseRussia ezinkulungwane zamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili ekuqaleni.

I-Rondo ifomu emculweni

Manje ungaqhubeka ukuchaza i-rondo ngqo kumculo. Kwavela okokuqala eFrance kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi. Igama lefomu livela egameni elithi rondeau - "umbuthano". Okubizwa ngokuthi izingoma zomdanso nxazonke. Ekusebenzeni kwabo, abaculi be-solo benza izingcezu zomsebenzi, futhi leli phephandaba laphinde laphindaphinda leli cala, lapho umbhalo nomculo behlala kungashintshi. Lezi zingoma nazo zaba yisibonelo sehlobo lomculo we-rondo.

Lena indlela ekhethekile yokudala umsebenzi lapho isihloko esiyinhloko - ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-refrain-siphindaphinda njalo (okungenani izikhathi ezintathu), ukushintshana nezinye iziqephu zomculo. Uma sikhombisa ukuyeka kwencwadi yesiLatin A, nezinye izingcezu zenye izincwadi, khona-ke umdwebo owenziwe lula womkhiqizo uzobukeka kanje: AB-AC-AD nokunye okunye. Noma kunjalo, i-rondo akufanele ibe yinde kakhulu. Njengomthetho, kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-rondo ende kunazo zonke zazifaka izingcezu ezingu-17. Lona yi-pass pass of the French harpsichordist uFrançois Couperin. Ngandlela-thile, kwakuyilo hlobo lomculo oluye lwaba ngumsizi womculo we-elekthronikhi othandwayo namuhla. Ibuye inezinto eziningi ezifanayo ne-hip-hop, lapho ezinye izingcezu kufanele zisetshenziswe ku-refrain. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi isisusa esiyinhloko sidlala njalo, futhi asihambisani nezinye izingcezu zomsebenzi.

Izinhlobo

Manje, uma unqume ukuthi i-rondo ingumculo, ungayinaka izinketho zayo ezihlukahlukene. Uma sikhuluma ngenani lezingqikithi nezakhiwo, ke lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zihlukile. Okokuqala, i-rondo encane, i-large, kanye ne-sonata uhlobo, okuthiwa yiyo ngoba iveza ezinye izici ze-sonata.

Izinketho eziningi ezihlukahlukene zenza kube lula ukusebenzisa leli fomu emculweni. Ngokomlando, kukhona i-rondo yasendulo, i-classical, enezinombolo ezincane zezingxenye eziphambene nokukhudlwana nokuthunyelwe okukodwa. Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukulandelela ukuthi leli fomu lomculo laguqulwa kanjani njengoba lakhiwe.

Umlando we-Form Development

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, uhlobo lomculo lwe-rondo lushintshile ngokuphawulekayo ngokuqhathaniswa nenguqulo yalo yangempela yomuntu. Kusukela ngoma ingoma nokudansa ubuciko, kancane kancane kuphenduka isigaba sezinsimbi. I-Rondo isetshenziselwa umsebenzi wakhe ngabaqambi abakhulu, i-harpsichordists, eyadala eFrance XVII - eminyaka eyikhulu le-XVIII yokuqala: uFrancois Couperin, uJacques Chambonier, uJean-Philippe Rameau. Ngalesi sikhathi isitayela esibuciko sobuciko yi-rococo, umculo uhlukaniswa ngomusa omkhulu, ubuhle nokuhlobisa okuningi. Futhi i-rondo ayinjalo. Kodwa, naphezu komusa wangaphandle owedlulele kanye nokukhanya komculo walesi sitayela, njalo kulandela okuqukethwe okujulile nokuqukethwe.

Ithonya lama-classics ase-Viennese

Esikhathini esizayo, ifomu lomculo yalesi siqondiso lishintsha kakhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuguqulwa komhlaba wonke ngesitayela sobuciko, ngokubukwa okusha kwezwe komuntu, okungeke kwenzeke kodwa kuthinte uhlamvu lobuningi bezinkondlo, abaculi, futhi-ke, abaqambi. Kuyafaneleka ukulalela ukunakekelwa kwefomu le-rondo emculweni wama-classics aseVienna. Omunye owokuqala ukuyisebenzisa kwakuyi-Haydn. Yilapho leyo fomu yomculo ithola izici zakudala. Futhi emisebenzini ka-WA Mozart, ifinyelela phezulu. Ekhuluma ngalokhu, umuntu akakwazi ukukhuluma ngegama lakhe elidumile elithi "Turkish rondo".

Lapho ebhala lo msebenzi, u-Mozart washintsha umculo wezempi waseTurkey we-orchestral wezempi wokusebenza nge-pianoforte. Okuhle, okujabulisayo, okujabulisayo, le melody iyaziwa kakhulu futhi ithandwa abaningi. Omunye umqambi odumile owasebenzisa leli fomu lomculo nguL. Beethoven. Emisebenzini yakhe, i-rondo isivele ikhona ukujula, ubukhulu nobukhulu obukhulu. Nguye oqala ukusebenzisa amafomu omculo axutshwe. Lona i-sonata rondo. Ukuhleka kwakhe nokuzikhandla "Ukufutheka phezu kwamapenki alahlekile" nakho kwaziwa kabanzi, futhi kubhaliwe kule fomu.

Abameli baseRashiya

Ngobuciko baseRussia, ifomu lomculo yalesi siqondiso lusetshenziselwa abakhiqizi abaningi abavelele. Ngosizo lwamakhono akhe okucacisa, bathulisa uhlaka lwezinhlobo zomculo ezidumile. Isibonelo, engoma ka A. P. Borodin "Sleeping Princess" ngenxa yemvamisa yokuyeka, isimo se-rondo, umqondo wokungaqiniseki, ukulala kokuphuza kwe-heroine kudalwa. Iziqephu ziphumelelana, zihluke ngokungahambisani nokungaguquki kwesihloko esiyinhloko.

Ifomu le-rondo emculweni wenkathi yaseSoviet nayo isetshenziswe. Lokhu kwakunemibukiso eminingana. Ngokuyinhloko, izakhi zohlelo lwe-rondo-olufana nomsebenzi lwasetshenziswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-opera ye-SS Prokofiev "uSemyon Kotko", ebhalwe endabeni ye-VP Kataev "Ngiyindodana yabantu abasebenza." Lapha umqambi, elandela izimiso zokwakhiwa kwe-rondo, uzuze ukubukeka okuhle okubuciko: ukuphindaphinda kwale fomu, ikhono layo lokuhlanganisa nokubopha amafomu ahlukahlukene, kukhonza njengendlela yokudlulisa okujwayelekile kwemizwelo yabo bonke abalingiswa.

Ikusasa lefomu

Manje njengoba sesivele sazi kabanzi ngalokho i-rondo, ungazama ukwenza iziphetho ezincane nezicabango. Njengoba ubona, amakhono okuveza leli fomu avumela ukuwasebenzisa ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene, ukuguqula ngokumangalisa nokuwesezela. Futhi, mhlawumbe, kwezobuciko besikhathi sangempela ngisho nasemculweni wekusasa kukhona indawo yalo. Kuyinto ephawulekayo, i-rondo engakaze iqale esikhathini esidlule. Leli gama elichaza ngokucacile isakhiwo somdwebo othi "The Beginning".

Phela, i-rondo iyinhlanganisela yesikhathi esihlala njalo eshintshashintshayo, esesikhashana esineqinile, esiphezulu esilinganiselwe futhi, noma kunjalo, ukubuyela phakade ezindaweni zayo. Futhi kulokhu kufana nokuphila kwethu futhi ngisho nemvelo ngokwayo, nge-cyclicity yayo engaguquki.