I-Naples iScythia eCrimea

Indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kweLwandle OluMnyama ne- Asia Minor edlalwa amaSkithe alawula lapha amakhulu eminyaka. Wahlala kule nsimu kusukela ngekhulu lesi-7 BC. E. Ekhulwini lesi-3 AD. Bashiya inani elikhulu lezikhumbuzo zomlando, kuhlanganise neNaples Scythian.

Umlando wamaSkithe

Izizwe, ezisekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka BC. Ugcinwe insimu enkulu evela e-Altai kuya eDanube, ekhulwini lesi-7 BC. E. Yathuthela ogwini olusenyakatho LwaseMnyama kanye nama-steppes eCrimea, lapho iNaples engumSkithe. Lezi zizwe zazibiza ngokuthi amaGreki asendulo amaSkithe.

Izingxoxo mayelana nokuthi abakwaSkithe abanjalo, zisenziwa. Ngokomunye ososayensi, bangabemi bomdabu esifundeni saseNnyama, abanye bathi lezi zizwe zafika lapha ezivela ezindaweni zanamuhla zakwa-Iran.

Phakathi kwezinganekwane eziningi mayelana nemvelaphi yalesi sizwe, ebhalwe uHerodotus ngenkathi evakashele eScythiya ekhulwini lesi-5 BC. E., eyodwa kuphela ayiphatha ngokuzethemba. Ithi amaSkithe aseziqhingini, ababalekela impi ngokumelene namaMasagets, asuka e-Asia futhi asele emkhawulweni weCimmerian.

Kodwa-ke, kusuka kwezinye izinganekwane, naphezu kwemvelo yabo emnandi, ungafunda nezinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Izinkunzi, amahhashi, ukulima kanye nejoka okukhulunywe kuyo kubonisa ukuthi imisebenzi eyinhloko yamaSkithe yayiyizinkomo zokuzala nokulima. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yizinto eziningi ezitholwa emvubukulo.

Phakathi nokwakhiwa kobudlelwano bokuqala baseScythian, inhloko-dolobha eyayiseDnieper yadluliselwa eNaples Scythian. Ngenxa yendawo yayo, iCrimea yayikuhle kakhulu kokubili empini nasemibhalweni yokuhweba.

Inhloko-dolobha yamaSkithe

Isekelwe ekhulwini lesi-3 BC. E., iScyles iScythian isengxenyeni esempumalanga yeSimferopol yanamanje, emngceleni wezo zonke izindlela zokuhweba, ngaleyo ndlela ihlanganisa zonke izindawo zokuhlala eSythian. Idolobha lalibhekwa njengeliyinhloko yabaseSkithe kamuva, laliyisikhungo sokuhweba namasiko. Ngokususelwa ekuhlolisweni kwalesi sikhumbuzo esingokomlando, ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi abaseSkithe abedlule babe nesimo sabo sombuso nesimo sabo, ngokulandela ithonya lamaGreki namaSarmatians.

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNkosi King Skilur ngekhulu lesibili BC. E. Umbuso ufike phezulu. Naphezu kwezimpi eziningi nemidolobha yamaGreki yamaKoloni, iNaples Scythian yahlala idolobha elikhulu lezwe iminyaka engamakhulu ayisithupha. Ukuhluleka kwakhe kokuqala kwakungu-110-109 BC. E., ngesikhathi sokubusa kwendodana ka Skilur, owe emlandweni njengomphathi oyisimungulu. Idolobha labhujiswa futhi lashiswa uDiophantus, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi labuyiselwa.

Ekugcineni kwabhujiswa eNaples ngenkathi ukuhlaselwa sekulungele ngekhulu lesi-3 AD. E. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi yemikhankaso yeSvyatoslav yaseKiev (ngekhulu le-10) idolobha lahlala khona.

Izici zesakhiwo

I-Naples iScythien yayitholakale ukuze imigqa yokuzivikela imiswe kuphela eningizimu, ngoba kwezinye izingxenye idolobha lalivikelekile ngokweqile izithiyo zemvelo. Enyakatho-mpumalanga, amaphekula amakhulu, ibhande elijulile lavikela isikhulu esivela entshonalanga.

Ehlelwe emahektha angu-20 omhlaba, idolobha lalinendawo enkulu yokudayisa phakathi nendawo lapho kwenziwa khona ukuthengiselana. Ukungena kwakukhona amasango amathathu: entshonalanga, empumalanga nasenkabeni (ukunqoba kwamakhosi). Emaphemeni kwakukhona imibhoshongo eyisithupha yokuzivikela, eyayiwela phezu kwezakhiwo ngamamitha angu-8. Umuzi wawunabantu abaningi ngokuvumelana nobulungu bekilasi: empumalanga amasosha ayehlala, entshonalanga ahlala ukuze azi, nasemaphethelweni - imikhiqizo elula.

Izindawo zokungcwaba endaweni yokuhlala nazo zadlula ngokwemigomo ebekiwe ngenhla. Ukwaziswa kungcwatshwe nge-crypts ecebile, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinceku nezinhloso zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Abampofu banikezwa indawo yokungcwatshwa emadolobheni.

Imivubukulo

Ngemva kweCrimea ekhulwini le-18 lafakwa eRussia, ukwakhiwa kukaSimferopol kwaqala. Abantu babesebenzisa ukwakha izinto ezivela ezindongeni zesakhiwo sasendulo ukwakha izindlu.

Ngenxa yokuthi ngelinye ilanga umhlali wendawo, owathola amapuleti anemibhalo yasendulo yesiGreki, waphendukela kumqondisi we-Kerch Museum, eBlaramberg, kwaqala ukumba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, phakathi nalezi zimboni, kutholakala ukukhululeka okunomfanekiso weNkosi uSkilur nendodana yakhe.

Ucwaningo lwemvubukulo lwaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho kuguqulwa khona. Kutholakale izikhalo eziningana, izinsalela zezindlu zokuhlala, izibalo eziningi.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-40 leminyaka lama-20, ngenxa yokucwaningwa okukhulu kwababhali-mlando, i-mausoleum yase Skilur, indawo yokungcwaba yamaScythian, yafunyanwa. Lapha kwakutholakala izinto eziyigugu, ezagcwalisa iminyuziyamu yaseMoscow naseSt. Petersburg.

IScythian Naples namuhla

Naphezu kokubaluleka komlando futhi okuyingqayizivele, iNaples iScythian, isikhathi eside engakutholi ukunakekelwa okufanele, kwakuyi ... ukulahlwa kwendawo. Kuphela ngonyaka ka-2011 kwaba yindawo yokugcina yomlando futhi ivikelwe ngumthetho ekuthungeni okungemthetho nokuthuthukiswa.

Ngeshwa, okwamanje akukho okuningi okusele kule mpahla. Amanxiwa odonga oluseningizimu, izisekelo zezakhiwo kanye ne-mausoleum ye-Skilur ziyatholakala ukuze zihlolwe. Kuphela ngenxa yesikhombandlela ungacabanga ukuthi impilo idluliselwe kanjani kuleli dolobha lasendulo.

Ngenhlanhla, ukuthungwa kuyaqhubeka. Kuze kube manje, ingxenye engamashumi amabili kuphela ihlolwe, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwezintambo eziningi akukaze kufike. Ukuya e-Naples eScythian, ungabamba iqhaza ekufuneni ingcebo ekugcinweni.

Ungafika kanjani lapho

I-Naples iScythian (isithombe sitholakala ku-athikili) itholakala ku: Simferopol, ul. Abavubukuli, 1. Ungathola lapha ngomunye wemigwaqo eminingi yezithuthi zomphakathi. Ngemuva kokufinyelela emgwaqeni iTarabukina, imizuzu embalwa nje kuzodingeka uhambe ku-Archaeological.

Kungenzeka futhi kusuka esiteshini samabhasi edolobheni ukuze uhambe ngeVorovskogo Street kuya eNaples. Lapho, eduze komfula, ubeka indlela lapho ungakhuphuka khona epulazini. Kuvela lapha ukuthi ukubuka komuzi oyinhloko wamaScythiya kamuva kanye nenhloko-dolobha yanamuhla eCrimea kubhekwe kahle .