IKrethe. Isiqhingi saseSpinalonga

Isiqhingi saseSpinalonga sisempumalanga yeKrete, esiseduze ne-Elounda. I-Spinalongu ibizwa ngokuthi "isiqhingi samaqhenya", kusukela lapha ngaphambi kuka-1957, bonke abagulayo lesi sifo bathunyelwa kusuka ezweni laseGreece naseKrete. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lesi siqhingi sasiyingxenye yezwe laseKrethe, ekupheleni kwesenhla. Esakhiweni lapho inhlonipho yayixhunywe khona neCrete, idolobha lase-Olus lalisendaweni, elangena elwandle ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba.

Ezikhathini zaseByzantine, inqaba yayimi esiqhingini, kepha lapho kufika ama-Arabs eSpinalonga, yabhujiswa. Namuhla, "isiqhingi esiqhenqayo" sivakashelwe izinkulungwane zezivakashi ezihamba ngemikhumbi edolobheni lase-Elounda, e- Agios Nikolaos nasePlaka, ukuze zivakashele izindlu ezilahliwe.

Umlando wesiqhingi saseSpinalonga

Lesi siqhingi sabonakala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVI, ngesikhathi sokuvikela nokuhlasela okungenzeka kusuka empumalanga ekupheleni kwenhlonipho amaVenetians akha isakhiwo futhi ahlukanisa nalo lonke izwe ngesiteshi esikhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esingenakulinganiswa kwaqedwa ngo-1579. Ngo-1669, ngemva kokunqotshwa kwamaKrete amaTurkey, isiqhingi saseSpinalonga iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 sasinezaseVenetians futhi sasisiphephelo semindeni eminingi yamaKristu. Ngo-1715 kuphela wathuthela kubaphathi abasha. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, emva kweKrethe ekhululwa, izikhonzi zaseTurkey zathola isiphephelo sazo ku-Spinalong. Ukuze sikhulule lesi siqhingi kubabehlaseli bokuqala, uhulumeni waseGrisi unquma ukusungula ikholoni enochoko lapha.

Umsuka wegama lesi siqhingi

Namuhla iSpinalonga kubizwa ngokuthi akuyona nje isiqhingi esincane, kodwa zonke ezinye iziqhingi, kuhlangene ne-Elounda isthmus emincane. Kukhona ulwazi ukuthi i-Kolokife iphinde ibizwe nangokuthi i-Spinalonga, ngoba yayihlangene ngaphambili nesiqhingi. Futhi eqinisweni, isiqhingi saseSpinalonga siseduze neBolokifa, futhi amanzi aphansi. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi le ndawo yayihlukaniswe ngokweqile yi-Venetians, ukuze sakhe isakhiwo kule sayithi. Isiqhingi saseSpinalong sasibizwa ngokuthi ama-Venetian abahlukumezi ababengazi ulimi lwesiGreki. Bahumusha igama elithi Olounda njenge-Spinalonte emuva kwekhulu leshumi nantathu. Khona-ke lesi siqhingi sathola igama layo lamanje. Yiqiniso, akusiyo ingozi, ngoba leli gama lalibuye liqhutshekwe nesiqhingi saseVenice.

Izici zendawo yesiqhingi

Isiqhingi saseSpinalonga (eKrethe) siseGulf of Mirabello. Esikhathini esedlule, le islet encane yayiyingxenye yezwe, kodwa kamuva ibhuloho elincanyana labhujiswa. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuthi abaseVenetians bafike eSpinalonga, isakhiwo esincane esivele sakhiwe kule sayithi. AmaVeneti ngokushesha azisa zonke izinzuzo zendawo echwebeni lesi siqhingi futhi wakhiwe kule ndawo indawo enqabeni egcwele, okwakuyisikhathi eside isingenakulinganiswa.

Umsebenzi waseTurkey wesiqhingi

Ngaleso sikhathi, ezimweni zomzabalazo ongapheli ilungelo lokubusa iMedithera, umsebenzi wawudingeka. ICyprus yayivele ibanjwe uMbuso Wase-Ottoman, futhi amaTurkey ayehlala ehlasela ogwini lwaseKrethe. Kodwa kamuva isiqhingi saseSpinalonga sathunjwa futhi. IKrethe yaqala ukuhlala amaTurkey. Esiqhingini ngemuva kokuqashwa kwabantu, ikakhulukazi abadobi. Kodwa emva kokuvukela okwenzeka eKrete eminyakeni engu-150 kamuva, konke kwashintsha kakhulu, futhi ku-Spinalong, imindeni yaseTurkey ebalekela amaKretani, kodwa ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuqotshwa kweqhwa lokuqala kulesi siqhingi, kwaqala ukuhlala kancane.

Leprosoria esiqhingini

Ikholomu enochoko yasinda esiqhingini futhi ngemva kweCrete yaba yingxenye yeGreece. Umuntu onochoko akazange alethwe lapha kuphela kuleli zwe, kodwa nakwabanye. Sekuyisikhathi eside izimo zokuphila zeziguli ezinochoko esiqhingini zazibusuku. Babehlala ezindlini ezingenakwenzeka, bengakwazi ukulungisa amakhaya abo. Imali yayinganele hhayi kuphela ukudla, kodwa ngamanzi okuphuza. Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili kuphela isimo sashintsha kangcono. Ngaphambi kwalokho, isiqhingi saseSpinalonga, isithombe sakhe ongabona ngezansi, sasihlala indawo yokudabuka nezinyembezi.

Ngemva kweKrethe kwakuhlala ama-fascists, labo ababesaba ukuvusa abanochoko ukuba baphunyuke, bahlale behlinzeka ukudla esiqhingini. AmaJalimane ayesaba ukwelashwa kanochoko olungelapheki ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthi phakathi nomsebenzi wonke, akekho noyedwa wabo ozimisele ukuvakashela inqaba. Ngakho-ke, lesi siqhingi sabizwa ngokuthi "indawo yokukhulula" phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngo-1957, ngemuva kokutholakala kwemithi yokwelapha, iziguli zaqala ukuphuma eSpinalonga. Kwakukhona izithombe ezimbalwa zalesi sikhathi ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba abantu baseKrethe abazange baqaphe ukuyivakashela isikhathi eside ngenxa yokwesaba nokubandlululwa kwabo.

Ungafika kanjani esiqhingini

Muva nje, naphezu komlando wayo onzima, isiqhingi saseSpinalonga sithola izibuyekezo ezivela kubakhenti abanomdlandla abavakashela kule ndawo. Seye yaba yindawo eyaziwa kakhulu eKrete futhi enye yezindawo ezinhlanu ezivakashelwa kakhulu ezithakazelisayo kulezi zindawo. Inqaba yeSpinalonga ngokwayo igcinwe kahle, futhi kusukela phezulu kwegquma lapho ikhona khona, umbono omuhle wolwandle uvula. Ezinye zezakhiwo esiqhingini ziye zavuselelwa futhi zavuselelwa. Lapha wavula i-cafe, izitolo zokukhumbula. Kukhona ngisho nesikhungo lapho ungaqasha khona imishini yezemidlalo.

Ungafika esiqhingini ukusuka e-Agios Nikolaos, e-Elounda noma e-Plaka ngesikebhe. Ehlobo, izikebhe eziletha futhi zilethe izivakashi ezifuna ukuvakashela i-Spinalonga, zihambe izikhathi ezine ngehora. Ithikithi libiza cishe ama-euro ayi-10, izingane zibiza izindleko ezimbili izikhathi ezincane. Phakathi nehlobo lonke, kusukela echwebeni lase-Elounda njalo ngehora lesishiyagalolunye, ukuhamba olwandle lapho, ngaphandle kokuvakashela lesi siqhingi, kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuvakasha kweBolokife.

Futhi, abagibeli bangakwazi ukugibela isikebhe emzaneni wasePlake, esenyakatho ye-Elounda. Kusuka lapha uhambo lithatha amaminithi ayishumi kuphela, ngoba iPlaka iqondane ngqo nesiqhingi. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela emadolobheni ngemoto yakho, oya empumalanga esuka eHeraklion eya e-Agios Nikolaos. Kungenzeka ukusizakala ngezinhlelo eziningi zokuvakasha ezibandakanya hhayi nje uhambo oluya e-Spinalongu, kodwa nesidlo sakusihlwa endaweni yokucima ukoma, futhi ugibele ogwini lwaseBolokifa, eliseduze kakhulu nesiqhingi.