I-Master iyinhlangano eyisithupha yokufunda noma indlela eya esihlalweni somqondisi?

Kusukela ngo-2011, zonke izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zaseRussian Federation ziye zathuthela ohlelweni lwezinhlangothi ezimbili, oluye lwasetshenziswa isikhathi eside emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuhanjiswa kwezwe lethu kwinqubo ye-Bologna, okuhlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemfundo nokufinyeleleka kwayo.

Ngokuphathelene nalokhu emisha, akuyona nje isikhathi sokuqeqeshwa esikhule, kodwa futhi nenani lemibuzo. Abaqashi abakwazi ukujwayela ukuthi i-bachelor's degree iyimfundo ephakeme ephelele, futhi inkosi ayiyena ophumelele ngezinga eliphezulu eziphakeme ezimbili, kodwa kuphela umfundi ofuna ukujulisa ulwazi lwakhe lwangaphambili.

Ngo-1996, uhlelo olunjalo lokuqeqesha lwaluvele luvele, kodwa lwabhekwa njengendlela eyodwa futhi engenakuqhathaniswa.

Okwamanje, imfundo yaseRussia inezigaba ezintathu zemfundo ephakeme yezemfundo :

- I-Bachelor's degree;

- iziqu;

- Master.

I-Bachelor's Degree iyinhlangano yeminyaka emine. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, umfundi kumele anqume ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa yini. Uma ngabe umfundi engenawo ithuba noma isifiso sokuqhubeka nemfundo yakhe, kuyadingeka ukuba ayeke emazingeni e-bachelor's degree, futhi uma kukhona isifiso sokuzinikela ekufundiseni noma kwisayensi, khona-ke unendlela eya ngqo kumantji. Uhlelo lwezemfundo lwaklanyelwe iminyaka emibili, emva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukudlulisa isitifiketi sokugcina, ukuvikela iphrojekthi yokugcina kanye - ne-voila, ngaphambi kokuba sibe yinkosi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wanikezwa izinga eliphezulu lezemfundo. Laba bafundela banethuba lokukwazi ukwaziswa okufakiwe futhi basebenzise isikhathi esengeziwe ekusebenzeni okukhethekile.

Umgomo oyinhloko wamagistri ngomqondo wanamuhla ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bokuphatha, okungukuthi, isihloko esiqhoshayo sokuthi "master" siyithekithi edlula kumasipala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi ivulekile ezinkampanini ezinkulu zaseRashiya nezingaphandle.

Ake ucabange ukuthi ziningi kangakanani izindlela ezikhona kwelinye igama elilula elithi "master"! Imfundo, eyithole eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-6 yokuqeqesha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iyokwanela imisebenzi yesayensi nesebenzayo nokufundisa.

Omunye umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwabafundi bama-bachelors kanye nochwepheshe abavela kwiziqu ze-magistri yiqiniso lokuthi labo abaqala ukufundiswa bafundiswa imisebenzi eyisisekelo, kuyilapho laba bantu bezithola ulwazi oludingekayo ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokwesibonelo, ukuqondisa ubuchwepheshe be-atomic engineer kanye nomlobi we-TV.

Umbuzo olandelayo okhathazayo amaRussia: "Ngingathola yini idiploma ebomvu ye- master degree uma i-bachelor's degree isiphelile nge" okwesibhakabhaka "?"

Kule akhawunti, izingxabano zahlala isikhathi eside, futhi ngo-2012 uMnyango Wezemfundo neSayensi wakhipha incwadi exazululwe lesi simo. Manje i-bachelor's degree "ayisithathu" ayisona isithiyo, ngoba uhlelo lenkosi lwaziwa njengehlelo lokuzimela elizimele. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-bachelor's degree isadingeka ukuvunyelwa kumantji.

Futhi ekuphetheni ngifuna ukuphawula: ngokusho kocwaningi, amakhosi ayadingeka kakhulu kunabachwepheshe abanamakhono aphakeme amaningana. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba inkosi ayiyona i-theorist, kodwa uchwepheshe onolwazi oluyisisekelo namakhono adingekayo.