I anode futhi cathode - ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ukuhlonza?

Mayelana anode futhi cathode ka ugesi odinga ukukwazi labo abenza electronics esisebenzayo. Yini futhi libizwa kanjani? Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Kuyoba eningiliziwe ngezimfanelo isihloko kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa radio amateur hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-chemistry. Incazelo ethandwa kakhulu ngalendlela lelandzelako: anode - a electrode omuhle, futhi cathode - ezingezinhle. Maye, lena akuyona uhlale eneqiniso futhi akuphelele. Ukuze sikwazi ukuchaza anode kanye cathode, kubalulekile ukuba sibe nesisekelo theory kanye ukwazi ukuthi njengoba yebo. Ake sihlole lesi sihloko.

anode

Ebhekisela GOST 15596-82, okuyinto waziphatha chemical imithombo zamanje. Sinesithakazelo Imininingwane ebekwa ekhasini lesithathu. Ngokusho GOST, iyona electrode engakhi iseli electrochemical ncamashi anode. Lokho kunjalo, yebo! Futhi kungani enza kanjalo? Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokusebenzisa ke kagesi livela elijikeleza ngaphandle emthonjeni uqobo. Njengoba ubona, akulula njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala. Kungase kube ngcono ukuba ucabangisise kahle isithombe okusesihlokweni esithi, uma okuqukethwe kubonakala kakhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi - bayokusiza ukuba siqonde lokho umbhali ufuna ukudlulisela kini.

cathode

Thina ukubhekana zonke kuya GOST efanayo 15596-82. I electrode omuhle yeseli electrochemical wukuthi, ngesikhathi osenyameni evela kulo akube kusakhulunywa ku circuit zangaphandle. Njengoba ubona, idatha equkethwe-IEC 15596-82, buka isimo kusuka isikhundla ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngokuxhumana nabanye mayelana izakhiwo ezithile kudingeka uqaphe kakhulu.

Livela imigomo

Zazisa Faraday ngaphezulu Januwari 1834, ukugwema ukudideka futhi ukufeza lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu. Wanikela inguqulo yakhe siqu, futhi ukukhumbula isibonelo ilanga. Ngakho, lapho ine anode - liyakhuphuka. Sun ihamba phezulu (lamanje ingena). Cathode - isethwe. Ilanga liyashona (samanje).

ISIBONELO umsakazo amashubhu kanye diode

Siyaqhubeka baqonde ukuthi ubheke ukuthi isetshenziswa. Ngumuphi umuntu amandla sinalezi abathengi esimweni evulekile (e bukhoma). Ngakho, kusukela wesifunda zangaphandle ngumuntu diode ilungu anode elamanje kagesi. Kodwa musa udidekile ngoba nale ncazelo kusukela isiqondiso electron. Through the cathode i wesifunda yangaphandle esetshenziswa kagesi lamanje isici kweminyango. Isimo eliye lakhula namuhla, ukhumbuza izimo lapho abantu ukubheka iphethini nabokhulumile. Uma idatha ubheke eziyinkimbinkimbi - khumbula ukuthi ukuqonda kwabo ngale ndlela ngempela kuphela bamakhemikhali. Futhi manje-ke masenze ukufakwa reverse. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi diodes Semiconductor cishe ngeke ukuqhuba zamanje. Okuwukuphela ngaphandle kungenzeka lapha - reverse ukuwohloka izakhi. A cleaner diode (kenotron, umsakazo) ngokuvamile hhayi ukuqhuba reverse zamanje. Ngakho-ke kubhekwe (ezinqumela) ukuthi ingahambi kubo. Ngakho-ke, iziphetho loluhlelekile anode diode futhi cathode musa ukwenza imisebenzi yabo.

Kungani kunokudideka?

Ngokucacile, ukuze kube lula ukufunda futhi ngokoqobo, kwanqunywa ukuthi izakhi egameni diode ezikhumulweni ngeke kushintshe kungakhathaliseki uxhumano lwakho uhlobo, bayohlushwa "ziboshelwe" okutholakele ngokomzimba. Kodwa lokhu akusebenzi amabhethri. Ngakho, ngo-diodes Semiconductor Konke kuncike hlobo conductivity we crystal. I amashubhu cleaner lowombuzo nakanjani i electrode ukuthi likhipha ama-electron esikhundleni ilungiselelo intambo. Yiqiniso, lapha kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama: ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa ezifana amadivaysi Semiconductor, njengoba suppressor kanye diode zener kungase kube kancane reverse ukugeleza zamanje, kodwa lapha kukhona imininingwane, ngokucacile awanakufundwa lesi sihloko.

Kuphenywa nge accumulator kagesi

Ngempela, lesi iyisibonelo esihle umthombo amakhemikhali kagesi, esivuselelekayo. Ibhethri kwelinye izindlela ezimbili: icala / ukutjhatjhululwa. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo kuyoba ohlangothini oluhlukile kagesi. Kodwa uqaphele ukuthi polarity of the electrode ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke kushintshe. Futhi singenza izindima ezahlukene:

1. Phakathi ukushaja, le electrode omuhle amukela kagesi kanye anode, futhi omubi walo futhi ukukhishwa ababiziweyo cathode.
2. In the ukungabikho ukunyakaza kubo ukuqhuba ingxoxo akwenzi mqondo.
3. Phakathi osenyameni le electrode omuhle kudedela i kagesi kanye cathode, kanye negative uthola njalo sibizwa ngokuthi anode.

On Electrochemistry Isho iZwi

Lisebenzisa definition ukuhluka. Ngakho, anode kubhekwa njengento electrode lapho namachibi izinqubo zenzeka. Nokukhumbula esikoleni Yiqiniso yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali, ungaphendula okwenzekayo ngakolunye uhlangothi? I electrode lapho izinqubo uyalulama, ngokuthi le cathode. Kodwa akukho ebhekisela amadivayisi ayi- elekhthroniki. Ake sibheke ukubaluleka ukusabela namachibi zokunciphisa kithi:

1. Namachibi. Kukhona inqubo ukubuya i kuyizinhlayiyana electron. Ngiphakathi nendawo liphenduka ion omuhle, futhi omubi ubizwa neutralized.
2. Yokutakula. Inqubo yokuthola i kuyizinhlayiyana electron. Positive uguqulwe ube ion hlangothi, bese ukuba omubi at kuphindelelwa.
3. Izinqubo ezimbili tiyasebentisana (isibonelo, inombolo electron ezazinikezwa kulingana adjoint inombolo yabo).

Faraday futhi ukhombise amagama ziye owethulwa izici iqhaza zamakhemikhali:

1. Cations. Ngakho ngokuthi kahle icala ion ukuthi lihamba e ikhambi electrolyte isigxobo ezimbi (cathode).
2. Anions. Bayibiza ion ezazingezinhle lihamba ikhambi electrolyte e isigxobo omuhle (anode).

Indlela zamakhemikhali zenzeka?

Namachibi nokwehlisa isigamu-ukusabela abahlukene emkhathini. Inguquko ye-electron phakathi cathode kanye anode Kwenziwa yini ngokuqondile, kodwa nge wesifunda umqhubi zangaphandle, okuyinto kudala i kagesi. Lapha kungabonakala nasemkhakheni interconversion amafomu chemical kagesi kanye zamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukwakha wesifunda ohlelweni zangaphandle babashayeli izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene (okuyinto lokho electrode ku electrolyte), futhi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa metal. Bheka, lo voltage phakathi anode futhi cathode ikhona njengenkampani caveat. Futhi uma kwakungekho isici evimbela nabo ngokuqondile ukwenza inqubo kudingekile, ukubaluleka imithombo chemical wamanje kungaba aphansi kakhulu. Kanjalo-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi icala kuyadingeka ukuze ahambe isikimu, eqoqwe futhi wasebenza njengoba uchwepheshe.

Kuyini: Isinyathelo 1

Manje ake ukunquma okuyinto okuyinto. Thatha kukagesi cell-Jacobi kaDaniyeli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ke siqukethe le electrode zinc, okuyinto egxilile isixazululo zinc sulfate. Khona-ke kukhona isithiyo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi it has a electrode zethusi okuyinto ngokufanele isixazululo zethusi sulfate. Ziyakwazi ukuxhumana nomunye, kodwa chemical izici kanye septum ungayeki ihlangane.

Isinyathelo 2: Inqubo

Zinc namachibi kwenzeka futhi electron ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa i wesifunda lwangaphandle ukuze zethusi. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi iseli electrochemical ine anode, omubi icala, kanye cathode - emihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ingathatha indawo kuphela ezimweni lapho ama-electron kulapho othi "hambani niyokwenza." Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuze uthole ngokuqondile electrode kuya komunye evimbela ukuba khona 'ukuba nesizungu. "

Isinyathelo 3: electrolysis

Ake sibheke inqubo electrolysis. Ukufakwa ngoba ndima salo uyisitsha kukhona isixazululo electrolyte noma ancibilikise. I electrode uye ezimbili ivinjelwe. Basuke uxhumeke DC amandla umthombo. I anode kuleli cala - iyona electrode ukuthi ixhunywe isigxobo omuhle. Lapha oxidized. A electrode omubi icala - the cathode kuyinto. Lapha, ukusabela ukunciphisa senzeka.

Isinyathelo 4: Ekugcineni

Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa noma imiqondo le kumele njalo kukhunjulwe ukuthi anode alikho-100% amacala lisetshenziselwa ukubonisa a electrode ezimbi. Futhi, cathode bangase ngezikhathi ulahlekelwe ababaphathisiwe omuhle. Konke kuncike onjani inqubo lwenzeka ngesikhathi electrode: a ekunciphiseni noma oxidizing.

isiphetho

Yilokho lokhu - akunzima kakhulu, kodwa ngeke kusho ukuthi elula. Sesihlole yeseli kukagesi, le anode futhi cathode ngokuya isikimu, futhi manje nezinkinga uxhumano ugesi yokusebenza isikhathi akufanele. Futhi ekugcineni, udinga ukushiya elengeziwe esibalulekile ukuze ulwazi. Njalo yiba engqondweni umehluko, esinomthwalo bezikhali cathode / bezikhali le anode. Iqiniso lokuthi intando lokuqala njalo kancane elikhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenza kahle akusebenzi lesi sibalo 100% futhi ingxenye ukukhokha kwashabalala. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu ungabona ukuthi amabhethri abe nomkhawulo inani izikhathi Ukushaja nokudisishaja.