I-anatomy yomhlanganisi wesigqoko, isakhiwo, imisebenzi

Umzimba womuntu wuhlelo oluhambelanayo. Ngenxa yelungiselelo elungile lezingxenye zalo, yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ekusebenzeni komsebenzi iyafezeka. Ukusekelwa okuyinhloko komzimba yi-skeleton. Isici esilandelayo esibaluleke kunazo zonke amajoyini nemigqa. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlangano abantu bakwazi ukwenza noma yikuphi ukunyakaza.

Amalungu ezitho ezingenhla aningi. Iningi labo liyabonakala endaweni yezandla neminwe. Nanobe kunjalo, ukuze ulethe wonke umlenze ongenhla ube yisimiso, umsebenzi wezingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka uchithekile: ihlombe, i-elbow nesihenqo. I-anatomy yalezi zakhiwo ziyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba zinezinhlobo eziningi (amathambo, amagaments, imisipha, izinzwa nezitsha).

Iyini inhlanganisela yomgodi?

I-anatomy yehlangothini lwesigqoko, ukuhlanganiswa kwehlombe, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesibindi, kuyindlela ehlelekile kahle enezingxenye eziningana. Ngayinye yalezi zakhiwo kubalulekile. Kuphela ngenxa yesakhiwo esifanele sohlangothini lonke, singenza imisebenzi yaso. Ama-anomalies noma izifo zamathambo amathambo noma ama-ligamentous devices ziholela ekuphukeni kokuhamba kwesigungu esiphezulu. Okufanayo kusebenza ekuguleni kwemithwalo yegazi kanye nemisipha.

I-anatomy yehlangothini ye-elbow ihlanganisa amathambo amathathu, izimbalwa eziningana, i-capsule kanye nemisipha. Ukusebenza kwesinye salezi zakhiwo kudinga ukuhlinzeka ngegazi nokugcinwa kwegazi. Njengazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, inezitsha nemisipha kanye nehlangothini lomgodi.

I-anatomy yayo yenziwa ngendlela yokuthi zonke izingxenye ndawonye zenze umsebenzi owodwa - ukunyakaza kwesilungu. Ngokuvamile, umqondo we "elbow" awuhlanganisi kuphela ukujoyina, kodwa futhi i-forearm. Ngenxa yomsebenzi odidiyelwe walezi zinhlangano, ungenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ukukhishwa kwesandla esingenhla.
2. Ukumemezela nokukhishwa.
3. Ukwandiswa kwesandla.
4. Ot- nokunciphisa kwesibhamu.

Amangqamuzana namagqabha

I-anatomy yehlangothini ye-elbow inzima, ngoba ibhekisela kumajoyina amathintekayo. Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi kuhlanganisa amathambo amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye wabo uxhumeke ngamalungu amancane. Zonke zazo zingaphansi kwe-capsule ekhethekile - isikhwama.

Le mfundo ingahle ibonwe ku-atlas ekhethekile. Lapho ungabona wonke amajoyina akha ihlangothini lomgodi. I-anatomy (izithombe e-atlas, kusiza ukuyiqonda kangcono), le mfundo ihanjiswa lapho ngama-angles ahlukene nezigaba, ukuze isakhiwo sayo sonke sicacile.

Amathambo angena echazwe ngokuhlanganyela futhi ahlala ngenhla (cishe) kuthiwa i-humerus. Iqala kusukela emgodini owodwa futhi iphela ezingeni le-elbow. Kubhekisela emathanjeni amathumba emasipha. Uma uyibheka esigabeni esiphambano, ungabona ukuthi ingxenye engezansi inesimo sesinxantathu. Kule ndawo kukhona ubuso obuphezulu. Ingxenye yayo ephakathi ixhunyiwe ku-ulna futhi idala ukuhlangana okuncane. Ibizwa ngegama le-humerus ukuchazwa.

Ehlangothini (lateral) ukuxhunyaniswa nengqikithi. Lapho, futhi, kukhona okuhlangene, okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhonjiswa kwe-brachial. Amathambo amabili ayingxenye yomhlanganiso ohlangothini ohlangothini lwe-distal nawo axhunyiwe. Bakha ukuhlanganiswa okwesithathu - i-radiolucleus ehamba phambili. Futhi zonke izinto ezibalwe ngenhla zihlanganiswe ngesikhwama.

Yimiphi imigqa eyakhiwe?

Ngaphezu kwamathambo, isisindo somjoqo wesigqoko sinezixhobo ezinamandla. Ziyizicucu zezicubu ezixhumene nazo, ezidingekayo ekusebenziseni ukunyakaza. Nazi izixhumanisi ezilandelayo:

1. Isibambiso somsindo. Iqala kusukela engxenyeni ehamba phambili (i-condyle) ye-ulna, elisehlangothini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ligament ihla ngezansi futhi ijikeleze ikhanda le-radius. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwe kufakwe ithenda.
2. Isibambiso se-Elbow. Njengokuqala, ivela ku-condyle ye-humerus (yangaphakathi). Emva kwalokho, ihla. Lokhu kukwakheka kuphelela ku-notch enemibala.
3. Umgudu wendandatho ye-radius. Kuphakathi kwe-front nangemuva kwe-scrap. Imicu yalesi sithungu ihlanganisa ithambo elikhiphayo, ngaleyo ndlela liyihlanganise ne-ulna.
4. Isikwele. Ikhuthaza ukuxhumeka kwentamo ye-radius ngokusika isikhumba.
5. I-membrane engxenyeni ye-forearm. Kuyinto izicubu ezinamaxhumi axhumeneyo okudingekayo ukulungiswa. Ugcina isikhala sonke phakathi kwe-elbow ne-radius.

Imisipha eyakha umhlanganiso wesigqoko

Imisipha yizitho lapho umuntu angakwazi ukukwenza khona nokwandisa kwamalungu. I-anatomy yehlangothini ye-elbow ihlanganisa umsizi ongenamathele, nakuba imisipha ayifakiwe ekuhlanganyeleni ngokwayo. Noma kunjalo, ziyingxenye yayo ebalulekile, ngoba ngaphandle kwabo ukuhlanganyela akukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo. Imisipha itholakala esifundeni esilandelayo nasesiphahleni, okungukuthi, ngenhla nangaphansi kwesibambiso ngokwaso. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Ngene. Itholakala kancane ngaphezu kokujoyina. Ngenxa yalokho ukunyakaza kwezimo ze-forearm kwenziwa.
2. I-biceps (biceps). Iqala engxenyeni engenhla ye-humerus, ifakwe kahle ngophawu lwesandla. Ibonisa iqembu le-flexor.
3. Izinhloko ezintathu. Uxanduva lokuhamba kwe-forearm.
4. Umzimba we-ulnar. Kuyadingeka ukwandiswa kokujoyina.
5. I-flexible ulnar yesihenqo.
6. Umbukiso ojikelezayo. Ubamba iqhaza ekujuleni kwe-forearm.
7. I-muscle ende yesundu. Kwabanye abantu, akakho. Le misipha iyadingeka ukuze ukwandiswa kwe-forearm nesundu.
8. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zeminwe.
9. Imisipha ye-brronchial. Unesibopho sokuphendulela nokuguqa.
10. I-Muscle-supinator. Itholakala esifundeni se-bony se-forearm.
11. I-radius emide neyifushane.

Siyabonga kubo bonke, umlenze ophezulu wenza izinyathelo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele futhi kuhanjiswe ezifweni ezenziwe nge-anatomical of the elbow. Phela, imisipha ihilelekile ekuhambeni kwe-forearm.

Yini i-Elbow Bags: i-Anatomy

Zonke izici ezenziwe ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuhlanganiswa kwe-elbow zifakwe esikhwameni okuthiwa. Iqukethe ulwelwesi lwe-synovial, ngaphakathi kwalo okukhona oketshezi. Emgodleni wesikhwama kuhlanganisa wonke amalunga amathathu. Ngenxa yalokho, kuhlanganiswa ihlanganiso elilodwa elihlangene.

Kanti, ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ezintathu ezincane nazo zifakwe esikhwameni. Ngendlela, le igobolondo ikhona kuwo wonke amalunga omzimba wethu. Ivikela amathambo kanye nemigudu emonakalweni. Futhi uketshezi oluphakathi kwesikhwama kuyadingeka ukuba lubhontshe izindawo ezihlangene. Ngenxa yomswakama we-synovial, amathambo namajoyina akonakali ngesikhathi sokushayisana (ngesikhathi sokuhamba).

Yimiphi imishanguzo eyenza i-elbow

Ukuze wonke amafomu akha i-elbow ukusebenza, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyadingeka. Uyenziwa ngosizo lwezikebhe ezintathu ezinkulu. Phakathi kwazo: imishanguzo ye-humerus, i-ulnar neyomsakazo. Ngamunye wabo, naye, unamagatsha. Ngokuvamile, uhlangothini lwesigqoko luhlinzekwa ngegazi ngamarridi ayisishiyagalombili asuka emithonjeni emithathu eyinhloko. Ezinye zazo zinikeza oksijini emisipha. Okunye ukunikezwa kwegazi emathanjeni nasemalungeni.

Zonke lezi zitsha zakha inethiwekhi - i-anastomosis. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokunqotshwa komunye wabo, igazi liyafika esithombeni. Noma kunjalo, i-anastomoses phakathi kwe-arteries akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukulimala. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ukuphuma okukhulu kwezingxubevange kunzima ukuma.

Yonke imibhoshongo ikhona ebusweni besikhwama sokujoyina. Siyabonga, ukukhuluma konke kudla oksijini.

Izilonda zomjoqo wesigqoko

Uhlelo lwezinyosi lusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. I-anatomy yehlangothini lwe-elbow ayiyona into ehlukile. Ukuphuma kwe-venous kusukela ekufakweni okwenza lokhu kuhlangene kwenziwa yizitsha zegama elifanayo (nge-arteries). Okokuthi, igazi, elicebile ku-carbon dioxide, lisuka esifundeni sesibambiso sibuyela esimisweni senhliziyo. Izitsha ezilandelayo zichithe ukuphuma:

• Izibambiso ezingezansi nangaphezulu ezingaphezulu - zingamagatsha avela emthanjeni we-brachial;
• Buyisa ulnar - inamagatsha amabili (ngaphambili nangemuva). Bobabili bayingxenye ye-vein ulnar;
• Ukubuya okungenangqondo;
• I-radial ebuyiswayo - egazini le-elbow, igatsha elilodwa layo lihlanganyela;
• Ukubambisana okuphakathi nendawo.

Lezi zikebhe zenza ukuphuma kwegazi emigodini yemithanjeni emithathu esemqoka. Zibizwa ngokuthi zifana ne-arteries: radial, ulnar ne-brachial. Zonke ziwela emgodini omkhulu we-axillary.

I-anatomy yomhlanganisi wesigqoko: amanzi amachiza (izitsha nama-node)

Uhlelo lwe-lymphatic luqukethe izitsha namadaysi. Futhi emzimbeni kunamaqembu amaningana ama-nodes amakhulu angaphandle. Phakathi kwazo: i-axillary, ulnar, inguinal nezinye iziqephu zamathambo e-lymphoid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezakhi ezincane.

Ukuphuma kwe-lymph kwenziwa ezitsheni ezijulile. Baya kudlula emithanjeni nasemithanjeni yesandla esingenhla. Izitsha zomzimba ezise-Lymphatic ziqala ngenethiwekhi yesigcawu, zidlulisele amathambo futhi zigeleza emagqumeni e-ulnar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-outflow iyaqhubeka ezingeni lehlombe. Khona-ke uketshezi luqoqwe kuma-lymph nodes e-axillary. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukuphuma ku-trunk subclavian kwenzeka. Okuqhubekayo - emaceleni amachilo angama-lymph.

Ukutholakala kwamahlombe kanye nezinhlanganisela zamagoli

Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-forearm kwenziwa kanjani, kubalulekile ukutadisha isigaba esinjalo njengesimo somzimba we-elbow joint. Ukuhlanjululwa kwaleli junction kuboniswa ngezinhlelo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Bona, nabo, bahlukaniswe ngamagatsha amancane.

I-radial ne- median nerve idlula ngaphesheya kwe-elbow . Imisebenzi yokuqala yokuqala 2. Ihambisa imisipha ye -extensor ye-elbow ne-joint wrist, futhi ibhekene nokuzwela ngemuva kwe-frontarm nengxenye yesandla. I-nerve median idlulela cishe kuwo wonke umlenze ongaphezulu. Ngokuyinhloko, ivuselela imisipha ye-flexor yesandla neminwe, kanye nomshumayeli ojikelezayo. I-nerve enkulu yesithathu yi-ulna. Engxenyeni ye-distal, idlula egcekeni lesundu, elihambisa iminwe engu-4 no-5. Ingxenye elandelanayo ingenwa yizingxube ze-forearm.

Izici zesimo se-elbow ebantwaneni

I-anatomy yehlangothini lwehlangothini ezinganeni ayifani nabantu abadala. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhlangene kwengane kulungele ukulimala. Futhi ngokuvamile kaningi kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwehlangothini lomgodi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izicubu ze-synovial ezinganeni azikwakhiwa ngokwanele, ngokungafani nabantu abadala. Ngenxa yokwelula kwesandla, izingane zinezinhloko ze-radial ezihambayo. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sibhekwa eminyakeni engu-1 kuya kwemi-3. Futhi kuvame kakhulu emantombazaneni.

Uhlangene kanjani umlenze ezinja

I-anatomy yehlangothini lwe-elbow yenja ifana neyomuntu. Lokhu kuhlangene kuyinkinga yezilwane nama-veteran. Isici se-elbow inja yilokho okushiwo izicubu ze-articular ku-dysplasia. Lesi sifo sivame phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi. Libhekisela ekuhlukumezeni kokuzalwa kokuzalwa. Nge-dysplasia, ukubhujiswa kancane kancane kwezicubu kwenzeka, ngenxa yalokho ukukhubazeka okuholela isilwane ukuba siphoqe.