Hyperthyroidism: ukwelashwa, izimbangela, ukuxilongwa

I-Hyperthyroidism ihambisana ne-thyrotoxicosis - ukwanda kwamazinga egazi we-hormone akhiqizwa yi-gland yegciwane. Inombolo ethintekayo yazo ingabangela ushintsho olunzulu esimweni sempilo nesokomzwelo sesiguli. Ezimweni ezingu-80%, lezi zenzakalo zikhombisa isifo se-Basidovaya sesiguli, esabizwa ngokuthi i-goiter eyingozi. Ibonakala ngokunyuka okubonakalayo emgodini wegciwane, futhi kamuva - ukwesaba okukhulu nokwenyuka, ukuthuthumela kwamalungu. Amehlo alawa gciwane agcina esekhulile. Njengomthetho, isifo se-Basedova sibonakala eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwengu-40.

Okuvamile okungeyona isifo sikaPlummer, noma i-goiter enobuhlungu obukhulu. Kulokhu, i-gland yegciwane ikhiqiza isisu esinamandla esikhiqiza ama-hormone, okwenza ukwanda kwezinga labo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-thyrotoxicosis. Esikhathini esidlule, lesi sifo sakhula kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, "sakhulile." I-Hyperthyroidism, okwelashwa kwayo kuxhomeke kwizimbangela ezibangele yona, ingabuye ibe yimbangela ye-thyroiditis, ukuvuvukala kwegciwane le-thyroid elivela emafomeni angama-subacute noma angapheli. Ngakho, nge- subacute thyroiditis, de Kerven, evame ukukhula ngemva kwesifo segciwane, esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, i-thyrotoxicosis iyabonakala. Ngaphezu kwalesi sifo , imbangela ye- hyperthyroidism ingaba izicubu ze-pituitary kanye nama-ovari - uma kuqhathaniswa nezifo ezibalwe, azivami. Emva kokudlula ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa eziqukethe ama-hormone e-thyroid, i-hyperthyroidism ingase ivele futhi. Ukwelapha kuleli cala kuzoba, kokuqala, ekuqedeni kokungenwa kwabo kanye nokwelashwa okuyisifo, futhi uma kunesidingo - futhi kukhishwa isisu.

Ukuze uhlolisise i-hyperthyroidism futhi ubeke izimbangela eziqondile eziholela kuyo, kwenziwa izifundo ezikhethekile: i- ultrasound ye- gland gland, ukukhanya kwayo, okuvumela ukuthi kunqume umsebenzi wezindawo ezihlukahlukene, uma kudingeka, i-biopsy, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukucacisa izinga le-hormone ye-thyroid, ne-hormone ye-thyroid ekhuthaza (TSH) , Ekhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala kanye nokwaziswa kwendawo yentamo, onguchwepheshe onolwazi angase asebenzise ukutholakala okuhlukile kokuhlukanisa, okwenza ukuba khona kwe-diffuse noma nodular goiter.

Ukwelashwa kwe-hyperthyroidism kuhlanganisa, okokuqala, ekunciphiseni izinga lamahomoni kuya ezinkambisweni ezamukelekayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindlela zombili zokuzivikela nezokusebenza zingasetshenziswa - ukususwa kwengubo ye-thyroid noma ingxenye yayo. Ngokwelashwa ngokucophelela kwe-hyperthyroidism, izidakamizwa ezivimba ukuhlanganiswa kwamahomoni alo - ama-thionamide (propylthiouracil, mercazolyl, njll) asetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuphatha kwabo, nakuba kungavamile (ngamaphesenti angu-1-3%), kodwa imiphumela emibi kakhulu ingenzeka - ikakhulukazi, i-thrombocytopenia ne-agranulocytosis. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-hyperthyroidism, ephathwa nge-thionamides, idinga ukulawula ukuhlolwa kwegazi phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-10 zokungena kwazo. Musa ukuphulukisa ukusabela okubangelwa ukwelashwa: i-dermatitis, i-hive, i-Quincke yokuvuvukala. Uma ukungavumelani kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile, ukwanda okukhulu kwegciwane le-thyroid, i-adenoma yayo noma ama-node amaningi, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuboniswa. I-Hyperthyroidism, okwelashwa kwazo ngalezi zindlela kuye kwabonakala kungasebenzi, ingelashwa nge-iodine ye-radioactive - ukuxoshwa okuzinzile kwenzeka kumacala angu-90%.

Ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha, kuvame ukutholakala ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko, okuthiwa zisiza ekuqedeni izifo zegciwane. Kodwa-ke, ngesifo esibi kangaka njenge-hyperthyroidism, ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu akukwazi ukuthathwa njengengxenye yezindlela zendabuko. Njengoba kuyaziwa, kunezifo eziningi zegciwane le-thyroid: ezinye zazo zihambisana ne-thyrotoxicosis, ezinye - ukwehla ezingeni lamahomoni alo egazini. Ukupheka kwabantu, okuzoletha ukukhululeka komunye wabo, ngeke kube nomphumela ophawulekayo komunye, futhi ngokuvamile kungalimaza.

I-Hyperthyroidism idinga ukubambelela ekudleni okukhethekile. Ukudla kufanele kube okungenani ezinhlanu, hhayi okuningi (ukudla okuyingxubevange). Okungafani netiyi elinamandla nekhofi, izinongo, utshwala, ushokoledi, ama-broth acebile. Ukudla kwe-hyperthyroidism kuhilela ukusebenzisa ukudla okune-calcium, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, kanye namavithamini, lapho umzimba wesiguli uhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulu.