Hydrogen injini, "Toyota". Toyota Mirai hydrogen-sikagesi

Kuze kube manje, cishe yonke automakers emhlabeni ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni izimoto egijima uphethiloli ahlanzekile. Ochwepheshe bathi kule minyaka 15-20 emhlabeni azoshintsha ngokugcwele kule modi kwezithuthi. Nakuba ubuholi kuleli cala igcina inkampani "Toyota". Ngemva kokudedelwa edumile "Primus" Japanese sinqume ahambe phambili futhi ukuthuthukisa imvelo imoto - Toyota Mirai hydrogen-powered. Esihlokweni lanamuhla sizobheka zonke izici izinto ezintsha, futhi uhlu emihle nemibi ukusetshenziswa hydrogen izimoto.

sici

"Toyota izwe" - lokhu ingenye sedans Japanese ezenziwe lokuqala le nkampani yanquma ukukhiqiza e isikali mass. By the way, isinqumo ukuze ushayele le imodeli Mirai sasifanele, ngoba Japanese kusho "Ikusasa Oluhlanzekile '. Umenzi uthi ukukhiqizwa hydrogen lokuqala Toyota Ngokungafani nozakwabo amandla esikhulu reserve, okuzoba 480 amakhilomitha. Lena ngempela ngokwanele ukuze isetshenziswe nsuku zonke kuleli dolobha, futhi umndeni amabanga amade. Kodwa njengoba isikhathi eside-kude, kodwa benza ku imoto ezinjalo ngeke kwenzeke. Futhi umbuzo lapha akukhona ekuklanyweni nokwethenjelwa (njengoba njalo, amaJapane wenza imoto qualitatively futhi "kuze kube phakade"), futhi ukungabi khona iziteshi ukugcwaliswa kunesidingo. Kodwa uzoba sixoxe ngalokhu kamuva.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi "izwe" akuyona imoto emhlabeni wokuqala nge injini hydrogen. "Toyota" iye amamodeli hybrid izimoto kusukela ngo-1997 kuya phambili. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho umphakathi jikelele ebona imoto yokuqala nge injini hydrogen ngesimo FCHV umqondo Suv imodeli. Nokho, ukuze uyisebenzise ngendlela ukukhiqizwa uchungechunge emikhulu ye-Japanese akazange alinge. Ngokuvamile, Jeep ingatholakala ezikhungweni zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezihilelekile ukuhlolwa lolu hlobo ezokuthutha. Phela, lo injini hydrogen ihlanganisa BMW futhi Toyota. AmaJalimane wangena isivumelwano ne onjiniyela Japanese futhi kuze kufinyelele 2020 uhlelo ukwakha entsha sedan eco-friendly BMW hydrogen 7 Series.

Buhle hydrogen Car

Ukuze uqalise ngenzuzo. Okokuqala, injini on kwamandla e-hydrogen akusho bungakhiphi iyiphi ezingcolisayo, ngokungafani diesel nophethiloli. Kuyaphawuleka futhi eziphansi okusebenzela lolu hlobo ezokuthutha. fuel Ngokusobala (hydrogen) ingalungiswa kuzo zombili esikalini ezincane nezinkulu. Lokhu kuzokwenza kakhulu ekulinganiseni isimo oshintshashintsha amanani kaphethiloli kanye nokusebenza ukwaba amandla nezinto ezisezweni.

Yini has bokwenza injini ku kwamandla e-hydrogen?

Manje ake sixoxe amaphutha. Ububi eyinhloko kule modi kwezithuthi wukuthi injini hydrogen ( "Toyota FCV» kuhlanganise) alufakwa kuka Classic diesel likaphethiloli nozakwabo. Lokhu kungenxa ekhethekile amakhemikhali ukwakheka hydrogen. By the way, ngaphezu ukuqhuma it libhekene simo esishubile okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lesi sici inkimbinkimbi kakhulu yezokuthutha refueling izimoto ne-hydrogen. Futhi, ochwepheshe bathi ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha isitshalo okunjalo kuyoba eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma isibonelo ukukhanda udizili yangaphakathi omlilo engine (ngenxa yenani elincane ochwepheshe onolwazi kule abasebenzi field). Futhi-ke, ukuntuleka hydrogen babangele iziteshi. Kuleli zwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa ezimbalwa ezifana manje ngoba lezi zimoto kunzima kakhulu (ikakhulukazi njengoba isizini nge umshini enjalo kungaba ngosizo imishini ekhethekile).

nezindaba ukunikezela

Inkinga eyinhloko hydrogen izimoto - akukho garaji, lapho ayengase liphinde ligcwaliswe ngompe. Yingakho izimoto emhlabeni ehlobene kakhulu kagesi, njengoba bebizwa icala kusukela abavamile kokuphuma odongeni kwase, ngisho ekuhambeni, uma kukhona i-solar panel ophahleni. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa iziteshi hydrogen kakade kuragela. Sesiyazi izinhlelo ukwakha 20 iziteshi ezifana eCalifornia. Uma yokuthengisa zikhule, inani amagalaji ngeke kabili. By endleleni, lokhu isimo wakhethwa hhayi ngaphandle isizathu - iqala eCalifornia uzoqala yokuthengisa hydrogen "Toyota". Kodwa yokuthengisa Kamuva sizoxoxa ngokuthi esihlokweni, kodwa okwamanje ake sibheke ingaphandle izinto ezintsha.

design

Ukubukeka entsha "Toyota Mirai" ehlaba umxhwele. Ngokushesha Ubamba iso okukhulu nolaka "phambi" nge-bumper ububanzi enemikhuba izibani slanted. Izinsimbi - lokhu kungahle element encane kunazo zonke futhi engabalulekile ingaphandle. Kodwa ngisho ucezu ezinjalo ezincane epulasitiki, amaJapane ephethwe ukubeka lokuthengisa logo, wenza ku-chrome isitayela. Imoto has a ingilazi endaweni enhle. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi of the windscreen. Umshayeli ngeke uzizwe "esishintshashintshayo efile" kusukela zonke nezenzakalo ezihlobene ebonakalayo manje shazi. Umzimba kokubili emincane futhi abushelelezi, imigqa sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza. Konke lokhu kwenza ukubonakala Sedan kukhiwa kakhulu, zanamuhla futhi eyingqayizivele.

ingaphakathi

Engxenyeni engaphakathi imoto uma mkhathi - mass izinkinobho, libonise, izinzwa kanye nanoma iziphi ezinye izinto. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, amaJapane yanquma ukuba bachithe imali ekuthuthukiseni ezimbili ongakhetha isakhiwo ingaphakathi - Europe kanye emakethe yasekhaya. Inkinga nge permutation eziqondisa banquma kakhulu ukumane ngokubheja zonke ezibalulekile Imininingwane zikagesi phakathi torpedo. Amajaji ibekwe eduze kakhulu somoya, futhi welulela yonkana ububanzi. Budebuduze nayo, ibekwe okukhulu ku-ibhodi computer, okuyinto ifakwe esakhelwe isiphequluli umsebenzi. Ngezansi ke kukhona elinye isibonisi. A isabelo emoyeni amabili ububanzi. Kungokufanayo liphindwe kabili ohlangothini ngalunye esibukweni, kuphela-chrome edging ekhoneni. Amasondo ayo nayo ifakwe inkinobho elawulwa kude. Gearshift ikhanda kuleli gumbi lapho - cishe usebenzisa CVT noma automatic transmission. Izikhulumi ezibekwe emnyango, kanye kagesi ukulawula iwindi izinkinobho. Amasondo ayo has a bamba ukhululekile. Ngokuvamile, kusakhiwo elingaphakathi ergonomic kakhulu. Futhi ngisho naphezu eziningi izinkinobho (ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi ingxenye yabo touch), kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi akayikhokhi ugcwale izakhi ezingadingekile futhi ngezinga elithile kubonakale olukhuni.

izici lobuchwepheshe

"Toyota" ezikhiqizwa imoto nge injini hydrogen kokuba supply elikhulu amandla. Sokuphehla amandla, ngokuvumelana abakhiqizi, kuyodingeka 153 amahhashi, okuyinto kwanele salokhu ikilasi semoto. Ngakolunye izinjini ungakhulumi Japanese, futhi, cishe, emakethe kuyofika eyodwa kuphela ukuguqulwa izinto ezintsha kusukela iyunithi 153-eqinile imvelo. Injini ye-hydrogen ( "Toyota Mirai" sango-2015) iqhuba fuel cell ekhethekile. Ngaphakathi ukusabela yokugcina senzeka, ne iqhaza hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalokho nokuxhumana chemical kuveza amandla onamandla ebhebhezela i motor ngogesi.

Dynamics kanye nezindleko yokusebenza

Umenzi uthi izimfanelo othakazelisayo Toyota nge injini hydrogen akuhlukile kuka kuphethiloli wawo nozakwabo. Ukusheshisa kusuka zero kuya "amakhulukhulu" balinganiselwa ku 9 imizuzwana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, onjiniyela baphawula ongaphakeme izindleko zokuhamba. tank ukugcwaliswa Intengo ngobusuku 1 ikhilomitha kuyoba amasenti 10 kuphela. Ngakho, ukuze ukushayela imoto eziyikhulu amakhilomitha, udinga zisebenzisa amaRandi 10 kuphela. Imoto ingaba ugcwalise imizuzu 5 nje.

Njengoba injini iyasebenza ku-hydrogen?

Kumelwe ukuba ngamunye wethu ecabanga ngesiphetho Umgomo we operation unit. Hhayi-ke, ake sibheke indlela injini hydrogen empeleni.

The main ukushayela yiwona owabangela yale mishini kuthiwa i-generator electrochemical (a fuel cell). Ngo-Japanese ibizwa ngokuthi FC isitaki. Ngaphakathi generator electrochemical ukuphendula kwenzeka olungaholela namachibi hydrogen. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi ekhiqizwa amandla oyifunayo, okuyinto seyedluliselwa ibhethri ezihlangene. Lesi sakamuva lucwaningo umsebenzi amandla kagesi, okuholela imoto isetshenziswa. Luhlobo luni udoti elakhiwe hydrogen injini? "Toyota izwe" ngamabomu ngokuthi umshini ehlanzekile ngenxa yayo qeda ipayipi uqhubeke hhayi amagesi anobuthi namanzi abavamile.

Konke kahle kakhulu, kodwa kukhona amandla evimbela ukuthuthukiswa kule modi kwezithuthi. Inkinga eyinhloko iwukuthi yokukhiqiza fuel icubungula ngoba hydrogen izimoto njengamanje ampofu futhi zidinga imali eshisiwe imali. Ikakhulukazi uma udala izingxenye hydrogen zisetshenziswa ezifana amalahle ne-methane. Basuke kakhulu kakhulu engcolisa umkhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho wenze umqondo ukusebenzisa lezi izinjini ngenxa "ukulondolozwa kwemvelo" akuyona. Yiqiniso, kusukela amandla omlilo imfucuza zokubasa babe (amanzi ahlanzekile), kodwa ukuze alungiselele, kubalulekile kakhulu konakalisa emkhathini kwekhabhoni ezingcolile. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi babheka esikhundleni yangaphakathi omlilo injini ekhona nama-solar.

Phela, lo-hydrogen ingeyona yiluphi uhlobo eliyingqayizivele amafutha ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kuphela eyodwa uhlobo injini. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lo mkhiqizo kungenzeka ngempela ukusebenzisa futhi izinjini classic kanye yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Nokho, ngemva ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela, kukhona nemiphumela. Iqiniso ukuthi i-hydrogen ngu omlilo i yangaphakathi omlilo injini inike 1/3 ye-amandla ukhiqize e iyunithi ezikhethekile kuphela. Nokho, onjiniyela baye bakwazi ukulungisa ukuntula. Ngenxa Ushintshe ukuthungela uhlelo nekusebenta izinjini esinjalo encishisiwe, kodwa kunalokho lenyuka cishe izikhathi 1.5 evamile, okwenza lo msebenzi ngophethiloli evumayo nangenkathi ezinengqondo iphuzu temvelo netetimali umbono.

Nokho enkingeni ngesikhathi kwaphawulwa hhayi kuphela endaweni esebenza ngobuchule. Uma nekusebenta onjiniyela bakwazi ukwandisa ngokwenza ngcono uhlelo ukuthungela, izinkinga ezifana lokushisa eliphezulu egumbini amandla omlilo, ama-valve futhi pistons nokutubeka, zingabantu akakwazi ukubhekana nesimo. By endleleni, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, i-hydrogen uyakwazi ukusabela nezinye izingxenye injini, kuhlanganise nivame. Futhi ngaphandle kwalo injini ngokushesha okukhulu zingagugi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi hydrogen yayo simo esishubile ungakwazi ukungena ezininginingi qeda kanye luvutha khona. Ngokuphathelene rotary yangaphakathi omlilo engine, zingabantu umphumela isakhiwo esilula futhi ibanga phakathi abaqoqi maningi esihle ezifana fuel main. Lo mbuzo, indlela injini hydrogen angabhekwa ivaliwe.

izindleko

Ngokusho umenzi, "Toyota Mirai" imoto yokuthengisa uqale entwasahlobo ka 2015. Ekuqaleni, lo eseyintsha izotholakala kuphela emakethe yasekhaya, futhi ehlobo lizovela ku ezimakethe European futhi American. Intengo kokuqala hydrogen "Toyota" kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 57,5 zamaRandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani inikeza ukuthenga lokhu loan imoto nge inkokhelo yenyanga 500 aseMelika. Ibhonasi yikhono ukukhulula refueling imoto ngoba unyaka at the garaji, California.

Nakuba kungekho umncintiswano phakathi Japanese hydrogen izimoto "Toyota". Ngezinye meree, ngakho-ke kuyoba kuze 2016. Iqiniso lokuthi e-March 2016 emakethe kuza entsha hydrogen imoto Honda FCV. Kodwa ukuthi ithandwa kangakanani, singazi ukubikezela, bese ulinda kuze kuqale yokuthengisa entsha "izwe yakwa Toyota."

isiphetho

Ngakho, lapho sathola khona ukuthi kungani ekhethekile kangaka nendlela injini hydrogen. "Toyota" - omunye automakers kuqala, okuyinto ucabanga ngokungathí sina ngokushada ukuqala ekukhiqizweni "umkhiqizo imvelo" zalo. Nokho, kuze kube manje hhayi axazulula inkinga nge amagalaji futhi ngendlela eshibhile ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen, inkampani akunakwenzeka ukuba ulinde impumelelo enkulu ngokushumayeza ukuthengisa le mishini.