High-speed sesitimela kusuka eMoscow kuya Beijing: ukwakhiwa, scheme, umklamo kanye indawo kumephu

Ngokushesha ngesivinini ujantshi eMoscow-Beijing ukuxhumanisa kwala mazwe womabili, eChina naseRussia. Izindleko owandulelayo iphrojekthi okulingana 1.5 isigidintathu yuan, noma 242 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ubude Imininingwane komgwaqo ilingana 7 bude izinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Isikhathi sokuhamba kusuka kwelinye iphuzu eya kwelinye kuyoba izinsuku 2, futhi umgwaqo uqobo ngeke wenziwe ngokusebenzisa ensimini ka Kazakhstan.

Linanincane lesikhatsi endleleni

Namuhla, China ngenkuthalo ukunikela ubuchwepheshe yayo ezintsha ekwakhiweni nojantshi ezingeni international. Enye yalezi amaphrojekthi kufanele kube ujantshi ngesivinini kusuka eMoscow kuya Beijing. Izindaba basakaza emhlabeni wonke ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ubudlelwane selehlile phakathi Melika, eYurophu nase-Russia ngokuhlanganyela ukungqubuzana empumalanga ye-Ukraine nemizamo Russian zokumenza avuke ekuweni ekhexisayo emakethe uwoyela ngamazwe. Ngo-October, 2014 phakathi Corporation "Chinese Railways» (China sesitimela Construction Corporation) kanye Ministry of Transport, Railways futhi iKomiti Yombuso of China Development and Reform Commission ngemvume Memorandum of Understanding emkhakheni ngesivinini wesitimela. Injongo eyinhloko idokhumenti kwaba ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi ephezulu ijubane uhlobo Eurasia ezokuthutha ephasishi lapho isakhiwo izobandakanya onguthelawayeka eMoscow-Kazan.

Umlando umbono

High-speed ujantshi umugqa eMoscow-Beijing ezingeni imibono wayekhona impela isikhathi eside. Le phrojekthi kufanele kube okunye okukhulu kulabo ungafisi ukuhamba ngendiza. Ukudluliswa imibono ezingeni kuphrojekthi yamanje senzeka ngokumelene isizinda ukusebenza ukuthenga Melika, ukulethwa okuyinto kuqinisekiswa Ochwepheshe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. High-speed ujantshi project Kumele unikeze emazweni anjenge eChina naseRussia Uyakufanelekela ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe omhlaba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokuvumelana abameleli Railways, ngesivinini ujantshi kusukela eMoscow kuze kube Beijing izobiza lizwe ruble 7 trillion. Abalingani Chinese uzimisele ukudela ekwakhiweni komgwaqo isamba okulingana 4 isigidintathu ruble, zonke ezinye izindleko uzobe iletha yi isabelomali Russian. izingxoxo Iyasebenza ngomhla ukwabiwa kwezimali ukuze kwakhiwe umgwaqo namuhla ziqhutshwa emzileni eMoscow-Kazan kohlaka iphrojekthi ngamazwe.

Yini ukudansela isiginci sakhe ukwakhiwa komgwaqo?

Isikhathi lapho ngesivinini umgwaqo eMoscow-Beijing oyokwakha, kodwa kancane eyaziwa. Lokhu kungenxa isinqumo eside yokwabiwa kwezimali. Banikezwe isimo eliye lakhula namuhla eRussia, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi China bakulungele ukuthwala iningi izindleko, izwe awulona ukulungele ukusekela ezinkulu izindleko zezimali ezifana. 3 trillion ruble namuhla unsupportable ngoba inhloko-dolobha yezwe. Amathuba kuphezulu ukuthi zimali abazimele uzobe ukhangwa kuphrojekthi.

izici zobuchwepheshe izinqumo kwangaphambilini

Ulwazi olunikezwa ezazivela ka iphephandaba Beijing Times, uthi mayelana ingxoxo asebenzayo ukwakhiwa wesitimela ophakathi kwala mazwe womabili. Isinyathelo sokuqala kufezekiswe iphrojekthi kufanele ube kusuka eMoscow kuya Kazan. Ukuqala Umzila ihlela ukwakhela e Beijing, ke umgwaqo siyodlula emadolobheni ezifana eKhabarovsk futhi Ulan Bator, Irkutsk Astana Ekaterinburg. Sasilibangise kuyoba eMoscow. Ready-isivinini sesitimela kuyoba isikhathi eside kathathu kuka namuhla isebenze ithrekhi ngesivinini phakathi Beijing futhi Guangzhou. Isikhathi sokuhamba ephakathi kwamadolobha emva ukuqaliswa kwe-project ngeke izinsuku eziyisithupha, kodwa ezimbili kuphela. Namuhla, phakathi kwenhloko-dolobha amabili uthi, izitimela ezimbili zazitholakala kuphela ngesonto. Umzila lavulwa ngo-1954. Trans-Siberian sesitimela ubhekwa isikhathi eside emhlabeni. It ayesuka eMoscow kuze kube seVladivostok. It kweqa iziteshi 400 kanye nobude bawo 9288 amakhilomitha.

Ubunzima yokuqala futhi izinyathelo zokuqala olukhulu

High-speed isitimela Beijing-Moscow esikhathini esizayo esiseduze akunakwenzeka ukuza umzila wakho. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esigabeni sokuqala le phrojekthi, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo ukuxhuma endaweni ezimbili uthi kufanele kube umgwaqo kusukela eMoscow kuze kube Kazan, izindleko owandulelayo okwakukhona kuphakeme Russia. Ukuheha abatshalizimali, "Gazprombank" bonisa umgwaqo waba inani ruble 1.06 lamarandi emadolobheni ezifana Beijing futhi Singapore, Hong Kong futhi Shanghai. Ngokolwazi wokulungiselela, iye oluphethwe uchungechunge lwemihlangano nabalingani ezingaba emhlabeni wonke:

• Meyi 14 - eSingapore.
• May 15 - Shanghai.
• May 16 - I-Beijing.

Esikhathini esizayo, sixoxe sinye nokuhambela kwabameleli ka "Gazprom" ebhange ku Taipei, inhloko-dolobha yase-Taiwan. Ngokwe-Russian Railways, imihlangano zimali Asian ehlelelwe izinyanga eziningana. Akuthintayo ukubambisana akhawunti East ngenxa unswinyo ezinzima avela eNtshonalanga. Ngo ukuxhumana sangomhla "Pronedra" kusho ukuthi ngesivinini umgwaqo eMoscow-Beijing ngeke yakhiwe eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Ukuqaliswa ingxenye yokuqala iphrojekthi, ngesivinini wesitimela phakathi eMoscow Kazan, lungaboniswa 2020. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Railways abangazange okwamanje wakwazi ukuthola i zimali.

Isigaba sokuqala le phrojekthi

Isigaba sokuqala emalini kahulumeni iphrojekthi wezwe kanye "Railways Russian" uhlose ukwaba ruble 191,9 bhiliyoni. Ezinye izingxenye umzila, ezifana uVladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhniy Novgorod, Cheboksary, Cheboksary, Kazan, kuhlelwe ukuba ifakwe ngezithukuthuku ezivuna. Kubikwa i-Ministry of Transport ka 29 Januwari 2015. Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana izakhamuzi project esifundeni, lapho umgwaqo ngesivinini siyogcwaliseka, safunda kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-2015. Indlela entsha ngeke wenziwe parallel onguthelawayeka federal M-7, eyaziwa ngokuthi "iVolga". Ukwakheka uzokwenza stop. Ikakhulukazi, uVladimir esiteshini uzobe sise Sukhodol.

What do izakhamuzi izifunda?

High-speed sesitimela kusuka eMoscow kuya Beijing kumephu siyodlula ingxenye enkulu ngokwanele yamasimu, kuye kwabangela abantu abanale ukuhlala naye endaweni yakini, ukusabela okuxubile kakhulu. Yavusa umonakalo nezinsolo, okuzokwenza uthinte yokulima, amahlathi kanye isitayela kwakhiwa. Iziphathimandla kwamenyezelwa ukuthi emhlanganweni isayithi ngayinye lapho ukwakhiwa oyokwenziwa, yonke imisebenzi uzobe oyi-wavumelana umphakathi. Omunye imithombo ithi uma silawula ukuthola umxhasi, le yakuphika eyovulwa kakade 2018. I ngesivinini esiphezulu ukunyakaza komgwaqo kuyoba amakhilomitha 400 ngehora, okuyinto kuzonciphisa indlela kusuka eMoscow kuya Kazan kusukela amahora 11 kuya 3.5.

imisebenzi amaqembu

High-speed sesitimela kusuka eMoscow kuya Beijing, lapho Isikimi kwakuthiwa ekhangayo futhi inzuzo, ngokuvumelana izinhlelo wokulungiselela, kufanele kuqale umsebenzi walo esikhathini kusukela ngo-2018 kuya 2020-th. Esikhathini esizayo, ohlangothini Chinese uthembisa ukunikeza nephrojekthi ubuchwepheshe yayo. Leli zwe bakulungele ukuthwala umthwalo egcwele ye ukuhlela nokuqala ukwakha. Yimbuyiselo usizo omkhulu, China ukulungele ukuthatha amandla Russian.

Kuze 15 Disemba 2014 kwakuhlelwe ukuthuthukisa izimo izinkampani Chinese bazokwazi iqhaza project ngaphansi kwazo. Ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukunquma ukuthi ukukhipha isivumelwano njengoba ngicashela emphakathini. Ilungelo ukuklama emgwaqweni omkhulu iphrojekthi eMoscow-Kazan won Consortium Russian-Chinese ngaphansi kokulawula "Mostgiprotrans" iqhaza izishoshovu of "Nizhegorodmetroproekt" futhi CREEC (China sesitimela Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd.). Inani Isivumelwano kulesi sigaba okulingana ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20, kodwa kungafaki VAT.

abahlaziyi Project

High-speed sesitimela kusuka eMoscow kuya Beijing - iphrojekthi liyathembisa kakhulu futhi kuqala, kodwa akuvimbeli abahlaziyi abazange bavume. Bathi usuku kwethulwa SCM esimeningcondvo iminyaka 2018-2020 eziwukweqisa. Ngokusho Alexey Bezborodov, wakhonza njengephayona CEO InfraNews ejensi, iphrojekthi ngeke uze ukwazi ukusebenzisa kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo. Isisekelo lesi simo sengqondo akubanga isitatimende esemthethweni omele Railways Russian ukuthi njengamanje nohlelo ukhonkolo ukuze kwakhiwe ngesivinini wesitimela ayikabi bikho okwamanje. Kukhona nje awokuthi endleleni kusuka eMoscow kuya Kazan esikhathini esizayo uzobe enwetshiwe Ekaterinburg futhi.

Obani okuyobazuzisa ukwakhiwa kwalesi Expressway?

Highway eMoscow-Beijing kuyoletha izinzuzo ezithile hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa Railways Russian, kodwa nezalo States iyonke. Lokhu kungenxa agglomeration imiphumela ukuba uyovuka njengoba Izindawo labantu yephrojekthi. The kulindeleke line high-speed eside kumele kunyuke ngo-30-70% of GRP ezindaweni. izimali engeziwe endleleni uzohlangana akukho ruble esingaphansi 11 isigidintathu kudala njengoba eyishumi yokuqala ukusebenza kwe-project. Lesi sibalo wethulwe yi iqembu izikhungo zezomnotho, eliholwa Ministry of Economic Development. Uma SCM asavela kuphela endaweni uVladimir isifunda GRP inyuka ngo 38%. Kuyinto ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 84 plus. Nga-2030, lesi sibalo kuzokhulisa 58%, noma ngezimali - ruble 131 billion. Esikhathini Nizhny Novgorod esifundeni ulindele ukukhula komnotho ka 39%, noma ruble 252 bhiliyoni, kodwa ngo-2030 kufanele sifinyelele okungenani 76%, noma bhiliyoni 496. Chuvashia kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke inani ngo-13% noma ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20. Ngu 2025, gxuma kuyoba 28%, noma ruble 43 bhiliyoni. YaseTatarstan 2025 kulindeleke ekukhuleni komnotho kuyoba ulingana 27%, noma ruble 274 billion.