Gaudí: ukuphila nomsebenzi

Gaudi wazalwa ngo 1852, ku-25 Juni. Washona ngo-1926, ku-10 Juni. Antoni Gaudí wazalwa ngo Reus, e emkhayeni ompofu. Leli dolobha lisendaweni km 150 kusukela Barcelona. Ingane wabhapathizwa ngo Reus, e Cathedral of St Peter, ngosuku olulandelayo. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Ka-Antonia, nonina, umakhi esizayo Gaudi owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi. Umsebenzi wakhe kanye nokwaziswa emfushane umlandvomufi izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

Antonio unamandla kunokufa

Abazali babesaba ukuthi ingane ngeke basinde. It kwaba kakhulu ukhulelwe nonina, nokubeletha - nzima. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuzalwa abazali sika-Antonio walilela kuye izingane ezimbili. Ngandlela-thile, kulo mndeni, zonke izingane ushone ekuseni kakhulu. Umfana kanye sayizwa engxoxweni nengane, udokotela yabazali bazo. Wabikezela ukufa okuseduze Antonio ambulensi. Nokho, u-Antonio Gaudi wanquma ukusinda. Futhi waphumelela, nakuba ukuphila kwayo konke ihlushwe isifo. Wabuka amadala eminyakeni engu-30 kunakabili ontanga yabo, bagongobaliswe ixhegu - amahlanu. Antonio wayazi ukuthi hhayi nje ngasinda.

Ebuntwaneni Antonio Gaudi

Ubaba walo mfana nomkhulu babe ngensimbi. Omunye umkhulu likanina kwakungu a cooper, kanti eyesibili - itilosi. Lokhu Antonio wachaza ikhono lakhe ukuba uzizwe ukahle futhi ukucabanga Ubukhulu ezintathu. Wayechitha amahora njengoba ingane ukubukela njengoba amanzi egeleza njengoba amafu iflothi. Antonio wafuna ukwazi ukuthi ukwakha umqhele amaqabunga, indlela imbali efana igedle amanzi itshe, kungani hhayi isihlahla esawa kulowo moya. Khona-ke waqoqela workshop kayise. It nezimangaliso benziwa nsuku zonke: iziqukathi shiny eyatholakala kusukela flat zethusi amashidi. Antonio kusuka 1863 kuya ku-1868, wafunda esikoleni, okuyinto aguqulwa ngayo ekolishi lamaKatolika. Umfundi ezinhle, wayengekho. Jiyomethri - into kuphela imakwe wayelandelwa. Antonio yokuchitha isizungu intandokazi wayedonsa. Wayethanda ndawonye nabangani ukuhlola zezindela agugile ezizungezile.

Gaudi esemusha

Ngo-1878 wathola iziqu Gaudi izakhiwo esikoleni Barcelona wesiFundazwe.

Esemusha, Antonio wayengumuntu Dandy kanye Dandy, umthandi black kasilika amasilinda lembuzi amagilavu. Wayefanele ngezinwele ezibomvu futhi unamehlo aluhlaza. Abesifazane abaningi ukuthandana nalo Gaudi, kodwa yena wayeyedwa. Yena courted isikhathi eside Pepetoy kolwandle, uthisha, kodwa waphendula ekwenzeni umshado isiphakamiso wenqaba, ngoba ngangikade umshado. Khona-ke Gaudi kafushane wahlangana American, kodwa umama ebuyela ekhaya, futhi indlela ababehamba ngayo. Antonio wabona lokhu njengophawu lokuthi ikusasa: kumele kube umuntu. Kuyinto umhlatshelo ngenjongo ephakeme.

Iminonjana Gaudi e Reus

Akusizi ngalutho ukubheka namuhla Reus komkhondo ka Gaudi. Uzothola kuphela uhlobo olufanayo amapuleti abethelwe phezu izakhiwo ihhovisi, ethi le ndawo yake ekhaya ... Ingabe isimo lo muzi wasendulo ufanelwe ukuqashelwa: the izindlu aluhlaza baraque, gothic Sant Pere, nge zayo imitha-40 isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi . Master wakwazi cishe ncamashi nokuzala Kuvunguza ezitebhisini isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ngesikhathi Cathedral of the Sagrada Familia. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa endlini lapho umndeni owahlala khona Gaudi e Reus.

Gaudí

Umbhali izakhiwo nesishiyagalombili kuyinto umakhi Gaudi. Bonke bangabangasokile e Spain: 14 - Catalonia lwakhe lwendabuko, 12 babo - Barcelona. ezinganekwaneni Zephyr nezinganekwane ukufinyelela ngayinye yalezi okudaliwe. amakhaya akhe angamalangabi puzzle. Kubonakala sengathi kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuba sicacise incazelo yayo ecashile.

Amasayithi amaningi yezakhiwo wedolobha Barcelona eyenziwe Gaudi. Ezweni azikho eziningi abaklami ukuthi baye baba nethonya enjalo ephawulekayo ku ukubukeka idolobha noma esidalelwe isiko laso into njengoba mlando. Gaudi kuyinto umakhi edume kunazo Spanish. Umsebenzi wakhe imakwe sokuthuthwa kwempahla yesimanjemanje kuleli lizwe. Sici sici Gaudi isitayela ukuthi zemvelo, ifomu organic (izilwane, amatshe, izihlahla, amafu) steel Uyavela fantasies yezakhiwo lo mbhali. Antonio akakuthandanga izikhala geometrically njalo bese zizovalelwa. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umugqa oqondile iwumkhiqizo yomuntu. Kodwa umbuthano - inzalo kaNkulunkulu. Antonio Gaudi impi emgceni locondzile ukwakha unendlela yakhe, okuyinto kalula ngisho abantu zisekude izakhiwo.

Gaudi futhi iziphathimandla zikamasipala

Nge nehlazo waqala umsebenzi wakhe Antonio. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-eneminyaka engu-26 ubudala Gaudi yafuna nemali, owayekhona ngokuvumelana iziphathimandla Barcelona sikhulu kakhulu. Namuhla, i-Royal Square lihlotshiswe isigqoko ezinamaphiko Mercury nezibani omkhulukazi, elaklanywa umakhi Wabasaqalayo. Okokuqala wenza oda Gaudi kamasipala kwaba sekugcineni. Manje kunanini ngaphambili ngamandla Barcelona akazange anikele noma yimuphi umsebenzi ukuze lokhu okuyinhloko.

Casa Calvet

iminyaka engu-20 kuphela kamuva umakhi Gaudi wayewukuphela umklomelo olusemthethweni encwadini yomlando wakhe - umklomelo for olungaphambili lwesonto idolobha inxuluma, okuyinto ayezenza ngokuba Calvet umndeni, zendwangu izikhulu. Hhayi ngaphandle avelele wawenziwa, kodwa Casa Calvet, kahle ongaphakeme-key, is klamo enesizotha Antonio Gaudi.

Casa Vicens

Master ithemba amaklayenti ezizimele. Gaudí (wezakhiwo) nendlu yakhe ngiyithole ukuqashelwa ababephila ngesikhathi. Don Montaner, umkhiqizi, ngo-1883, yamyala ukuba ikhaya ehlobo. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Antonio Gaudi, ngihlola indawo yokuqala ukwakhiwa esizayo, kanti namanje Emaphethelweni wathola izimbali ophuzi sizungezwe emithi yesundu omkhulu. Wasindisa kanye izimila, esihlahleni. amahlamvu Palm zibalwe iphethini ngehele, futhi izimbali zibonakala ku tile nazo. Bathi ukukhokha umcabango Antonio Gaudi, ikhasimende wacishe waya alinamali. Namuhla, Casa Vicens kuyinto isigodlo encane, sengathi kusukela Oriental inganekwane. It is eduze yayicindezele ezindlini ezingomakhelwane. Bheka linamathela emgwaqweni eliseduze kuphela turret. Ivinjelwe amakhethini awugqinsi, awukwazi ukuya ngaphakathi, ngoba yangasese.

A umbono elinamandla barselontsev seziqalile ukusetshenziswa obizayo. Ngezinye Gaudi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kwakukhona abavikela, ogama lakhe lalingu-Don Eusebio Guell. Le ndoda kwadingeka ukunambitha lihle. Wayethanda ucwaningo okuyingozi. Ingqondo yakhe akazange abeke Guell, ngemvume enganakile izilinganiso. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Antonio Gaudi kancane kancane yaba umngane umkhaya and umklami Güell.

Güell Palace

Eusebio kwase kuyisikhathi eside ngiphupha indlu esisebenzayo enhle. Lo msebenzi Gaudi babhekana lolungenamaphutsa. Ukuhlela ukwakheka isibambo endaweni ewumngcingo (amamitha 18 kuya ku-22 kuphela) endlini enhle, ngesikhathi esifanayo okusikhumbuza esigodlweni Venetian lamaSulumane. Interiors zikanokusho kufihlwe ngemuva grey zemabula olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo. Imali waze wayophela kokululama: rosewood, ukhuni olumnyama, amazinyo endlovu, ufudu shell. Omunye amakamelo uphahlwe beech, elinye - zikagamthilini. Isiliva negolide ezibaziweyo Uphahla lwangaphakathi enziwe amahlamvu. Gaudi kwaba lapha okokuqala waphendukela amapayipi ophahleni ukuzwakalisa kanye noshimula emi amatshe engadini.

Ipaki Güell

Gaudi futhi Guell iphupho yaphenduka engadini Bald Intaba. Babefuna a villa yangasese, etholakala lapha egxilile zasemazweni. Duzane izigodi wahlela kanye azungezwe imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo emigedeni, imithombo, gazebos, eceleni yezitolo. Le phrojekthi kuhlulekile emakhemisi. 2 kuphela wesabelo 60 liye ithengiswe. Ubengafuni abantu njengoba siqhele kangaka imikhawulo edolobheni. Barselontsy Namuhla, yebo, ngabe kuvunywe kukhethwa indawo.

entwasahlobo onomfutho ungathi layout kwepaki. Omazombezombe phezulu unyawo kokwenyuka izitebhisi futhi izindlela emazombezombe emaweni. Ipaki Guell manje - hhayi kuphela injabulo amehlo umphefumulo, kodwa futhi kumnandi ngoba ukukhanya kuhle: gade amazinga ngentuthu ephakeme. umoya ohlanzekile futhi elinamanzi Grove entendeni kuyadingeka ukuze abahlala! Swimming pool nge nodrako inyoka - intandokazi ukuzijabulisa guys. Lowo enquma ukuya phezulu, umvuzo uzothola umbono omangalisayo zolwandle Barcelona.

isiko Izintandokazi wayehlezi ebhentshini-inyoka. Ngokwe-Umlando we usonkontileka, Gaudi ngaphambilini abasebenzi ukususa zonke izingubo futhi indlela elula kakhudlwana, ungakwazi ahlale phezu ungqimba fresh sikakhonkolo ukuze uthole ephelele ifomu esihlalweni. kuphela iphethini yokuqala ezisebenzayo zobumba emibalabala shiny kubonakala okungahleliwe. A uchungechunge lwezinombolo, isithombe esiyinhlanganisela, imidwebo ongaqondakali, imilayezo ebethelwe, izimpawu ongaqondakali, kuwo ngemithandazo ezisakazeke ogwini ubude yonke kwebhentshi. Kukhona izindaba eziningi mayelana nendlela abantu ababehleli ku-ke kungazelelwe waqala ukuhlukanisa wama phandle izinsuku, amagama, amagama, imithandazo, ukubhala ...

ukuphila Eminye Gaudi

Ukuhlela ukwakheka eminyakeni 50 akashintshi isizungu sakhe, ngokuba zenkolo ngaphezulu. Antonio kuhanjiswe ku Park Guell Barcelona, kude okumatasa komuzi. Abantu bayizingcweti wesaba futhi iyahlonishwa. It ivaliwe, ome njengeqanda, abukhali. Lutho Okuseleyo Panache wangaphambili Gaudi. The main into - lula: suit shapeless, izicathulo siko ezenziwe kusukela izimpande zucchini. Gaudi ihambisana zonke izikhala. Ukudla ke - imifino engaphekiwe, amantongomane, amafutha omnqumo, isinkwa uju kanye spring amanzi.

Wathi phakathi career izosebenza kusukela manje kuphela oda zenkolo. Futhi uma iphrojekthi wokuziphilisa kuphakanyiswa, kuqala ucela imvume lo msebenzi ngesikhathi Madonna saseMontserrat.

Casa Batllo

Gaudi ekwindla ka-1904 wathatha ukuze kabusha inxuluma Kasanovasa, zendwangu magnate. Shono ikota lapho kwakukhona indlu, wethiwa the "apula yokungezwani." Ngesinye isichibi mgwaqo Gracia ume izakhiwo baqoqene kakhulu abaklami abadumile Catalonia - uhlobo umbukiso izifiso kanye nezicelo. Kungcono eze ekuseni, lapho imisebe yelanga bawe phezu olungaphambili lwesonto futhi embozwe "amazenga enhlanzi", wathela zonke izinhlobo imibala. Zazingekho emakhoneni, akukho emaphethelweni noma imigqa eqondile. izindonga Lwalugobile, sengathi engaziwa isilo sasolwandle odlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba, imisipha abami. Indlu amathambo ngokuthi izakhamuzi Casa Batllo. Kulesi kukhona okuthile: balcony, amakholomu ugebhezi-amathambo - izinsalela wezisulu dragon omkhulu. Nokho, baye kakade siphindiselelwe - umbhoshongo ngesiphambano ngetulu kwetintfo ophahleni. Lokhu St George iyona ongumvikeli Catalonia, ephakamisa inkemba yakhe. The backbone udrako wahlulwa kuyinto lwalugobile yokhalo serrated ophahla.

Casa Mila

Imizuzu eyishumi ukuhamba kusukela isakhiwo - futhi uzothola Casa Mila. Gaudi futhi ephukile isifungo sakhe, yena waqala waba ukuklama efulethini endlini enkulu nazo zonke Izinsiza: egalaji, amanzi ashisayo. Umakhi babehlele ngisho wenze kummango bengqongqoza abalimi efulethini ifika ngqo imoto. Lokhu nokhahlo kuqhathaniswa mass Casa Batllo emhlabathini ikhula ngqo, efana enamandla baobab ubudala noma iphelelwa isikhathi lava intabamlilo, noma amatshe badlula, noma skeleton umkhumbi efile ...

Futhi lokhu barselontsy isakhiwo ukhishwa ezihlukahlukene izidlaliso - "isidleke iminyovu sika" "Nursery izinyoka," "izisulu zokuzamazama komhlaba", "ujantshi ingozi" nabanye "La Pedrera" (translation - inkwali). Sahlala naye. Ophahleni - yayinamakhothamo, izitebhisi, nemithambeka, ngamakheshi. Manje ungakwazi ukuqasha ifulethi e La Pedrera. I amakamelo ethokomele futhi zikhululekile, kodwa ngeke kudingeke sikhuthazelele ukugeleza engapheli zezivakashi eziningi.

Kwaphela isigamu sekhulu leminyaka lomsebenzi eyenziwa oda 75 umakhi Gaudi. Izithombe eminye yemisebenzi yakhe ethulwa kule athikili. Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka bokwakha, ezinye zazo zingabantu charting okuthuthukile, kodwa kwaba uhlaka genius. Omunye wabo - i wokuvelela ehhotela iphrojekthi eNew York City - imitha-300 "Ihhotela Temple", okuyinto bafeza okukhulu Gaudi - uMklami.

Sagrada Familia

Casa Mila - zinyanga oda elikhulu ngokufaka Gaudi. Injongo yakhe yedwa ngo-1910 kwaba Sagrada Familia, noma - the Sagrada Familia. U-Antonio washona ngisho wangcwatshwa lapha, e indlwana encane ngomshoshaphansi.

Njengazo zonke ekuphileni ukuthi wahlala wezakhiwo Antonio Gaudi, le Sagrada Familia Temple is gcwele of komba Sobala fihlekile. 12 kwemibhoshongo labatinikele abaphostoli. Uphawu somhlatshelo uMsindisi liyisikhungo, nge esiphambanweni. The elingaphakathi - Supplies: ikholomu - Platanus ke iziqu, ganging umqhele akha Dome. Ngokusebenzisa kungabonwa izinkanyezi ebusuku. Lesi sakhiwo saklanywa saba ngakho ukuthi kuzwakala isikhencezo, efana isitho grand, umoya wahlabelela, edabula emigodini imibhoshongo, efana ikwaya. Kukhona amabhentshi ngabakhulekeli 30,000.

Umsebenzi ukudalwa sethempeli kwaqala ngo 1882. Njengoba siholwa abaklami yabo yokuqala De Vilar futhi Martorell. Gaudí sika Sagrada Familia waqala ukuklama futhi sakhe ngo-1891. Waligcina ababengaphambi uhlelo, kodwa wenze izinguquko ezithile.

Temple, ngokuvumelana Gaudi, bekumele kube allegory kokuzalwa kukaKristu, okumelelwe etincenyeni letintsatfu. Christmas lunikezelwe empumalanga, eningizimu - ngeSonto, Western - lo Passion of Christ.

Ukuqopha ethempelini

Okuchichimayo ebaziwe sici umbhoshongo nethempeli inthanethi. prototypes Real unawo wonke izinhlamvu kuboniswe olungaphambili lwesonto kukaJesu: umzukulu kuyasebenza - usana olunguJesu, umgcini wotshwala - Judas goatherd obukhulu - kukaPontiyu Pilatu, plasterer handsome - INkosi uDavide. A okungenamsoco nomthengisi wangakini waboleka imbongolo. Gaudí ukuwo ethiyetha yokwakheka, usimende esingu waphonsa nezingane sezifile for abangenacala yesehlakalo. izikhathi eziyishumi wazibuza yona futhi kwehlisa ebaziwe ngayinye, itshe ngalinye ngaphambi ngababeka ezindaweni.

Zonke isikhathi umakhi Gaudi, ogama biography is kafushane kuchaziwe, into ebuhlungu icabange, kushintshwe, okwenza-up, ngesineke. Akumangazi ukuthi inqubo lide ngakho. Master ngo-1886, wathi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi Cathedral ngeke siqede iminyaka engu-10, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi abaningi ngokuvamile ngenzalo yabo uma kuqhathaniswa namasonto Ephakathi, Kwakhiwani eminyaka.

isitayela ethempelini ukhumbuza ngalokwanele Gothic. Nokho, lokhu ngesikhathi esifanayo okuthile okusha ngokuphelele. isakhiwo Yakhelwe ekhwayeni 1500 abahlabeleli, kanye choir yezingane (700). Ithempeli bekumele iyisikhungo yamaKatolika. UPapa Leo XIII zisuka asekelwe ukwakhiwa.

Umsebenzi owenziwa Gaudi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-35, abangu umutu abambisene naye emsebenzini, Gaudí wakwazi ukuqeda olungaphambili lwesonto Christmas 4 imibhoshongo phezu kwakhe. It is ungakaqedi engxenyeni esentshonalanga Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba, okuyinto ebangela ingxenye enkulu ngalesi sakhiwo. Ukwakhiwa uyaqhubeka, futhi manje, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 ngemva kokufa Antonio Gaudi. Kancane kancane eyakhelwe nemibhoshongo (ngesikhathi impilo Antonio eseqedile kwakunebandla elilodwa), esihlelwe ngomumo mbumbulu ngezithombe abavangeli nabaphostoli, izigcawu sokufa nokuphila atehlukanisa koMsindisi. It is kuhlelwe nokuba ngiqede umsebenzi emhlabeni-2030.

Ukufa Antonio Gaudi

Ngo-1926, June 7, wezakhiwo Antonio Gaudi, ogama biography ukuthi kafushane kuchaziwe, kusihlwa, ngesikhathi 17:30, kokushiya Sagrada Familia, waya njengenjwayelo nokuvuma kusihlwa sika. Ngalolu suku, tram lokuqala wethulwa Barcelona. Ngaphansi kwaba Gaudi. Umshayeli obangele phansi tram yayo kamuva wathi ungqongqoza umalalepayipini udakiwe. Gaudí azange abe imibhalo, wathola idlanzana nati, nangenxa yevangeli emaphaketheni akhe. Washona ngo siphephelo esiveni abangenamakhaya ngezinsuku ezintathu, futhi kwaba ukuba angcwatshwe kanye nabanye ithuna elivamile. Kuphela ngengozi isalukazi bamazi. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi - emngcwabeni Gaudi sika, eyaqala ngo-12 Juni.

inkumbulo

Unyaka 2002 kwathiwa Ka Gaudi. Ukuhlela ukwakheka Antonio Gaudi kanye nomsebenzi wakhe, wenza isithakazelo esikhulu namuhla.

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, iyaqhubeka nokukhankasela le chargeability we ndoda njengoba njengomuntu olungile. UPapa, kulindeleke ukuba asayine idokhumenti 2015 mayelana beatification, okuyinto kuyoba wesithathu izigaba ezine nokunxusa. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi Antonio uyoba saint - umxhasi abaklami. Ngokungangabazeki, u-Antonio Gaudi ufanelwe ke. Njengoba kungatsatsa isibonelo, ngisho abaklami enkulu. Gaudi uyisibonelo ngokomoya futhi ungungqondongqondo ezihlanganiswe ubuntu bakhe.