Formula abangasebenzi. Izinga lokungasebenzi kanjani ukubala?

Ngokuvamile sizwa ngezindaba TV mayelana nokwenyuka noma ukwehla izinga lokungasebenzi ezweni elithile, idolobha. Kodwa kahle, ngamunye wethu uyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi? Phela, ngokoqobo kungenziwa kuphela eseziqonda kahle uyazi ukubaluleka into ezifana abangasebenzi. ifomula ukubala ngezansi uyothuthukisa ukuqonda kangcono inkinga.

Izimbangela abangasebenzi

Zithanda noma zingathandi, kodwa kunoma yiliphi izwe kukhona kumaphesenti athile abantu abangasebenzi okwamanje. Ngisho e emazweni acebile babe abangasebenzi. Lena i-ngenxa yezizathu eziningana.

Nanoma iliphi izwe amaningi asethuthukile futhi umnotho womhlaba okwamanje indawo abangasebenzi. Mhlawumbe kuphela umqondo capitalism, abantu baseSoviet bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esiseduze esizayo bonke abantu bayoba umsebenzi futhi lugcine izimpahla kuphele ukuthi athengiselwe imali.

Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kungase kube ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Abakwazi ahlukaniswe abe amaqembu amaningana:

- kwezomnotho;

- zezombusazwe;

- sakhe ngekwemiva netenhlalo;

- ubuntu.

Ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho iqembu zihlanganisa labo abangabangane imininingwane ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wesifunda (ezweni). Uma ikhono lomhlabathi lokukhiqiza ukudla isimo kuqanda, emnothweni ephela izinkampani wayeka, kungokwemvelo ukuthi umsebenzi wasikhathi ayikwazi kubhekwe. Kulokhu, abantu nje akukho la emsebenzini.

izizathu Political esekelwe yimuphi izinyathelo zokuphatha wesi isimo wemboni ethile yezomnotho. Ngezinye izikhathi izinqubomgomo nemidanti wenziwa emhlabeni wonke, ukhohlwe ezithinta izimpilo zezakhamuzi kuleli zwe. Othile kanjalo uthola umsebenzi, futhi othile ulahlekelwa.

iqembu yezenhlalakahle kuhlanganisa izimbangela abangasebenzi, ezimele ukuthuthukiswa komnotho noma zezombangazwe le-vector. Basuke ngaphezulu athonywe udumo imfashini. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube 1000 izikhala mahhala sokuba wezindlu, kodwa ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo mayelana amathuba okuthola imisebenzi ehlonishwayo kakhulu futhi kangcono abantu abangasebenzi okwamanje.

Ngenxa yezizathu siqu iqembu zihlanganisa alabo ababehlanganyela izimfanelo ngamunye abantu. Phela, kukhona labo ungafuni ukusebenza, phila inhlalakahle, baphuze utshwala nezidakamizwa, futhi uzithole ukwenza okuthile ukuze umphakathi akunakwenzeka kohlaka lomthetho okhona.

Ukubala ulungise idatha yezibalo maqondana nabantu abakhubazekile, ifomula ekhethekile bengasebenzi. Izinga lokungasebenzi, okuyinto ungakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ukubala futhi kutholakale umsuka wendaba yesihluku abangasebenzi sabantu kwezomnotho. It ezocatshangelwa ngezansi.

Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka okulandelayo. Ingabalwa e ezahlukene ngezindlela Izinga labangasebenzi. Ifomula sibalo kwimodi ngamunye uzoba yayo. Kodwa ikakhulukazi ezibalweni esetshenziswa izinga lokusweleka kwemisebenzi ye-International Labour Organization.

Okunqumayo isilinganiso lonke inani abangasebenzi inani labantu kwezomnotho.

Akaqashiwe - kungcono ingxenye kwetisebenti, okungase abaqashwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla noma amasevisi, kodwa ngasizathu simbe akazibandakanyi kilelihlelo.

labantu kwezomnotho - Isamba sabantu abangakwazi enamandla futhi kungenziwa obandakanyekile ekukhiqizeni izimpahla noma amasevisi.

izinhlobo abangasebenzi

Kubalwa izinga lokungasebenzi, kufanele anikezwe kokuhlaziywa efanele ngemiphumela. Kufanele abheke izigaba sabantu, kanye nezinhlobo abangasebenzi ukuze bakwazi ukuhlaziya imiphumela, ebonisa abangasebenzi ifomula. Izinga lokungasebenzi ngokuvumelana nemingcele ngenhla kuzohluka futhi ukugqoka uhlamvu ezahlukene.

Ungakhetha okulandelayo izinhlobo abangasebenzi :

1. Ukwakheka.

2. Friction.

3. Kwesizini.

4. Eyindilinga.

Ngokulandelayo, sicabanga kohlobo ngalunye ngokuningiliziwe futhi sithole ifomula azosiza ukuthola ezingeni ngamunye wabo.

kwemisebenzi

kwemisebenzi ingenye kwezinhlobo ngobuningi. khona wakhe emnothweni ngenxa izinguquko njalo kule ezimakethe zeminye imikhiqizo. Uma funa uwela umkhiqizo othile, khona-ke isidingo ochwepheshe abazikhiqizayo, nayo iyancishiswa.

Ukuze balwe lolu hlobo abangasebenzi idinga ngempela isikhathi esiningi on ukuqeqeshwa ochwepheshe kahle balahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo ngaphansi izitayela ezintsha funa.

Sokubalwa lolu hlobo le ndlela elandelayo ukungasebenzi. Izinga lokungasebenzi yohlobo kwesakhiwo ibalwa kanje:

Bstr = ACC / Chrs * 100%, lapho:

CCA - lemali yokwesweleka kwemisebenzi;

Chrs - abasebenzayo Imininingwane.

kokukhuhlana abangasebenzi

abangasebenzi kokukhuhlana ephawula ezingeni nezanyatnyh abantu nezimfuneko ezithile. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukukhula abangasebenzi, uma kukhona inkinga elandelayo emnothweni: isitshalo ukuvalwa kanye nekwehla umthamo ukukhiqizwa ngokushesha kunokuba inhlangano ka ukukhiqizwa entsha. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu empeleni balahlekelwe imisebenzi yabo futhi okwamanje asikwazi ukuthola umsebenzi ngenxa yokuntula imisebenzi elihambisana iziqu zabo.

Okungukuthi yokuthi ukuswelakala kwamathuba emisebenzi kokukhuhlana esivusa elula kwetisebenti, okuyinto kungagwenywa cha, kodwa kungenzeka ukunciphisa izinga. Izindlela eziyinhloko wokunciphisa ukutholakala kolwazi kungcono ingxenye emakethe yezabasebenzi, okumele ngesikhathi esifanele ukwazisa umphakathi mayelana ukubonakala ahlukahlukene izikhala khulula.

Bala izinga lokusweleka kwemisebenzi kuzosiza le ndlela elandelayo. Izinga lokungasebenzi yohlobo ngomshikisho ibalwa kanje:

BDF = CDF / Chrs * 100%, lapho:

FCC - nenani abangasebenzi kokukhuhlana.

abangasebenzi ezithile zonyaka

Ngokwengxenye enkulu okuphathelene nomsebenzi okungukuthi kwesizini. Ngokwesibonelo, uma waya endaweni yokungcebeleka, bese waphawula ukuthi kuphela isizini ezithile, nokukhula kwezimfuno kanye isiphakamiso sokuthola izinto noma izinkonzo. Ezintabeni, izivakashi uthanda ukuza ebusika, nolwandle - ehlobo. Ezinye izindaba zika-amathilomu, izitolo kanye nezinye amabhizinisi musa ngisho ukusebenza. Ngalesi sikhathi izisebenzi zabo noma bengasebenzi noma wahileleka okunye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izimboni eziningi ngokukhethekile imikhiqizo zonyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, Abenzi utamatisi unama noma yimuphi juice uboshelwe inkathi nokuvuthwa imikhiqizo ethile wezolimo. Zonke ezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza ziphelelwe umsebenzi, kanye abasebenzi yalezi izimboni.

Akunzima ukubala ukuthi izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Ifomula:

Bs = Kc / Chrs * 100%, lapho:

Ks - nenani abangasebenzi kwesizini.

cyclical abangasebenzi

Lolu hlobo lihlotshaniswa imijikelezo waqonda kabanzi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Kukhona amalungelo kwezomnotho, okuyinto kuqinisekiswa njalo futhi kuwo wonke amazwe, uma kukhona sokukhula komnotho, kuyoba khona inkathi komnotho.

Okungukuthi, ngezikhathi ezithile kwanoma iyiphi umnotho okhulayo, kusuke liyancipha. Phakathi ukunciphisa GDP futhi livela abangasebenzi eyindilinga, okuyinto ephawula ezingeni zomsebenzi lutho ngokuqondene ukuncipha yesikhashana ngokwesikhundla ukukhiqizwa futhi ukukhululwa kwe komsebenzi.

Ukuze abale izinga lokungasebenzi usebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo. Izinga labangasebenzi Zijika:

BC = Cp / Chrs * 100%, lapho:

Cp - nenani abangasebenzi cyclical.

Okunye emazinga ekungasebenti

Ukuze afeze ngo-ejulile analysis akwanele ukwazi ukuthi ukubala izibalo ezinikezwe ngenhla. Ngokuvamile ukusebenzisa into efana izinga engokwemvelo abangasebenzi.

ukubala wayo ifomula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

Yiba Bstr = + BDF.

Ukungasebenzi zemvelo. Yini sibalo?

Lisho ukuthini leli sibalo? Kulinganiselwa uma befuna ukwazi ukuthi kuyoba izinga jikelele abangasebenzi kuleli cala, uma nemibandela yokuqashwa ngokugcwele.

Okusho ukuthi, uma wonke umuntu wayefuna, wayengase sokuyofuna umsebenzi. Ngakho, kungabonwa ukuthi zemvelo Izinga labangasebenzi, formula okuyinto eboniswe ngenhla, isikisela ukuthi umnotho kuphela kwesakhiwo kokukhuhlana izinhlobo abangasebenzi.

Singasho ukuthi lesi sibalo sikhombisa isimo eliye lakhula emakethe yezabasebenzi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, lapho bonke abantu kwezomnotho eqashwe ekukhiqizeni izimpahla noma amasevisi.

abangasebenzi langempela

Enye inkomba kuyinto langempela ukungasebenzi main. Kulinganiselwa njengoba isamba sazo zonke izinhlobo abangasebenzi okukhulunywa ngaso lapha ngenhla, ngaphandle zemvelo. Okungukuthi isamba kwesakhiwo, kokukhuhlana, cyclical futhi zonyaka - ke ukungasebenzi langempela. Ifomula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

BF = Bstr + BDF + Bs + Bc.

abangasebenzi yangempela empeleni kubonisa indlela isimo sangempela emakethe yezabasebenzi. Kungaba ezingaphezu kuka esilingana noma esingaphansi izinga engokwemvelo abangasebenzi. ukubala ifomula kubonisa ukuthi lesi sibalo kuthinta ngokuphelele zonke izinhlobo abangasebenzi, okusho:

1. Izinga langempela lingaphezulu kune-zemvelo Izinga labangasebenzi kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukwehla ijubane nokuthuthuka emnothweni.

2. Isimo uyoqeda wakhona lokuqala, uma umnotho buthola umfutho kanye nemisebenzi avele ngokushesha kunokuba kwenzekani ukuxoshwa abantu abavela okuthunyelwe kwabo ubudala.

Eqinisweni, nangengqondo egcwele izimbangela, izinhlobo kanye nezici, ifomula kuhlaziywa abangasebenzi kusiza ukunikeza ukuhlolwa ongokoqobo umsebenzi futhi umsebenzi uhulumeni ukuhlinzeka imisebenzi esezingeni elifanele.

Izinga lokungasebenzi njalo Waphawuleka yesimo sezomnotho, futhi ngenxa yalokhu inkomba kungaba Sikhombisa mayelana lapho ukufuna eminye futhi udinga ukulungisa Vector kwezomnotho yentuthuko.