ESiberia Lemming: incazelo, imifanekiso, umsoco

Lemmings - kukhona sidla amagundane amancane ezihlala ehlathini kanye nezimfunda eNyakatho Melika eYurophu nase-Asia. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalokhu izilwane. Ngakho, lemming laseSiberia ezivamile eKamchatka futhi iziqhingi eziningi Arctic we emathafeni Arctic.

Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda okwengeziwe ngalezi zilwane: yini abayidlayo, ukubheka kanjani, bukhoma futhi zohlobo.

ukusabalala

Lokhu lemming uhlala emathafeni ase-ezintaba zase-Eurasia, phakathi kwemifula Northern Dvina noMfula Onega sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Kolyma. Futhi uhlala esiqhingini ezifana White, Vaigach, Novosibirsk, Wrangel. Ngokuyinhloko, ongaseningizimu senhlobo kuvumelana engxenyeni esenyakatho ehlathini-nezimfunda. imiphakathi gqwa ahlukene ebonwe izimbuku ehlathini Kolyma elisezansi.

ukushintshashintsha kwendawo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amafomu ezwekazini imakwe ukwehla ngobukhulu kuncike isiqondiso. Ngakho, lemming phezu emathafeni entshonalanga uphila liyancipha ngobukhulu ohlangothini olungasempumalanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo nsundu-ocher ngombala indawo amathoni abamnyama, asinikeze izihlathi, ezinqulwini esifubeni ephansi, ngaleyo ndlela anyamalale ebumnyameni amaphiko umugqa. Winter Umbala uphendulela grey nokukhanya. Ezilwaneni zasendle zaseSiberia Islands sekuyahwalala qwa. Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isiqhingi yakha ezwekazini olukhudlwana.

ukubukeka

Lemming - isilwane lowo igundane esifushane ezincane: ubude bomzimba wayo - 18 cm, futhi umsila - kufike ku-17 mm. It ifinyelela isisindo 130 g, kuyilapho olunesisindo esikhudlwana lwaluba abesilisa nabesifazane ngo-10%. Ithoni jikelele isilwane - a ngokubomvu-yellow nge admixture elincane amathoni sinombala futhi grey. On ugema kwekhala ngemisila ngokuyisisekelo kuyinto mncane black strip. Boca izihlathi kanye tinge elikhanyayo ibuthuntu; ukuphaphatheka esiswini olumhlophe, ngezikhathi nge touch of yellow. Emkhakheni ezindlebeni namehlo ezimnyama ngokukhukhumala kwentamo bands.

On the iqolo black indawo sici kwezilwane ne obakhathalelayo. Wrangel kanye Islands Funa laseSiberia. Winter noboya dimmer nehlobo ukuxegiselwa ngezikhathi cishe white, strip mncane ngemuva umthunzi brown ukukhanya. zenyathi Mainland kancane ezincane yezwekazi; ukunyamalala kancane kancane strip kanye nokwehla ngobukhulu is waphawula isiqondiso mpumalanga. inombolo Diploid wama-chromosomes - izicucu 50.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

lemming laseSiberia kwande kakhulu. Ngakho, Insikazi ibekela kusuka 3 kuya 5 namazinyane azo izikhathi 6 ngonyaka. Ngezikhathi, bona ukuzalela kuphela ngamanani amakhulu. Kulokhu kukhona yokuntuleka kokudla, ngemva kwalokho izilwane bophezela Izindawo mass, kuyilapho ezihambayo emgceni locondzile, zifane nesikhonyane, idla lonke nokuthi ukuhlafuna on.

Ukuphakelwa oku lemmings?

Bahlanganyela udle sedge, ngezinye izikhathi amagatsha nezihlahla. Ukudla futhi ngezinye izikhathi amajikijolo, izinambuzane ukuziluma izimpondo zenyamazane, izilwane ngaphambilini kulahliwe. Uma wazi ukuthi yini ukudla lemmings ebusika, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi badla ulele futhi moss ku isiqinti mayelana imitha nengxenye. Lapho iqhwa ohlangene, ngokuvamile kuze kwamanzi.

indlela yokuphila

Ngesikhathi ewumngcingo-skulled vole futhi ungulates lemmings yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi uhlobo igundane nezimfunda. Inombolo enkulu ifinyelela zikanhlangothiningi, futhi tussock emathafeni ecaciswayo evuthiwe sedge-moss. Lemming kutholakala, isithombe okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, ezigodini we emachibini nasemifuleni e ongaphakeme entabeni futhi foothill sedge-izihlahlana emathafeni ezindaweni izimbuku. Lingena ngokusebenzisa emaxhaphozini ezonini ihlathi.

I izimfanelo ngoba indawo yemvelo isilwane ukutholakala ifolishi nezindawo esilungele ukwakhiwa Burrows (Peat udoti ezindundumeni, sphagnum moss futhi imicamelo). Umbala zikanhlangothiningi (a microrelief ngesimo ngemapholigoni ezinkulu, okuyinto zihlukaniswe frost imifantu) Lemming (isithombe isilwane ingatholakala kulesi sihloko) siphila izimfa ungqimba Peat, ngenkathi usebenzisa kubo nokuhamba okusheshayo.

Isici nobuntu izilwane eziphilayo ohlala ngaphansi eqhweni ingxenye enkulu yonyaka. Ebusika basuke enamathiselwe ezindaweni ezahlukene ikhava iqhwa 0.5-1 m: ezindimeni ukusakaza, emifuleni, emathafeni amachibi ezomile futhi ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Pave uhamba ngaphansi eqhweni, eyindilinga ukwakha izidleke isitshalo zidwedwe ezahlukene eyamba iqhwa ekamelweni. Ebusika, the lemming laseSiberia uhlala isidina.

Phakathi iqhwa ukuncibilika amanzi wathela imiphakathi izilwane, futhi bathuthela incibilikiswa, ngemva kwalokho iphuzu kule ndawo ehlobo. Kube ezindaweni eziphakeme encane umbe Burrows elula. Futhi ubambe zokukhosela zemvelo ezihlukahlukene. Surface kuvuleke liya ngezizathu yokudla. Ngo amaxhukazi esikhathini iqhwa-free kahle waveza territoriality; juvenile futhi omdala abesilisa enyuka ensimini ngempela nemiyalezo, ephumula ezindaweni zokukhosela ehlukahlukene yesikhashana.

amandla

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani izilwane siyahluka kakhulu: ngezinye izikhathi cishe kunzima ukukufinyelela njalo (njalo eminyakeni 5) izilwane sihamba kuyo yonke indawo, asesabi indoda, nge nolaka kunalokho. Phakathi nale minyaka, ukwenyuka ezindaweni ezifanayo futhi isibalo lemming arctic, inani izimvukuzane yasebhange - ehlathini.

lemming laseSiberia ngalesi sikhathi ugcwalise izigodi entabeni nemizana, ngezinye izikhathi ukuzama ukubhukuda yonkana amatheku nemifula kanye die okukhulu. Lapho inqwaba amakoloni yayo namagundane akazange axazulule nomunye anonya. Lapho kulokhu kuthuthwa angabukeka ukunyakaza ehlelekile, nakuba lemming ngamunye empeleni ezihambayo ngokwakho, kanye izithiyo yangaphandle kuphela ngezinye izikhathi abanye bazithola bephoqelekile ukuba beze ndawonye.