EScandinavia: ifa zomlando namasiko ezivamile

Igama elithi "emazweni Nordic" ubhekisele isifunda eNyakatho Yurophu, ngokuhlanganisa eDenmark, eNorway, eSweden, kanye izindawo zabo ezihambisana ezizimele, etholakala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Lokhu Greenland, Faroe Islands, Svalbard, Aland. Ochwepheshe abaningi bathi kumele kusetshenziswe lapho bekhuluma konke emazweni aseScandinavia (Nordic), kuhlanganise Finland kanye Iceland. Uma sicabangela ngokuqinile ngokwendawo, ngesikhathi Peninsula zaseScandinavia kukhona Norway kuphela, Sweden, futhi engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga Finland. Isekhona definition ezifana Fennoscandia. Kuyinto isici amazwe ngokomzimba-womhlaba, okuhlanganisa eDenmark, eFinland yonke iNhlonhlo Kola futhi Karelia.

Emazweni aseScandinavia banomlando ezivamile ekuseni (ezifana eRussia, Ukraine kanye Belarus), related practices kwamasiko, kanye zomphakathi. zezigodi Danish, yesiNorway isiSwidi akha continuum, futhi ezibhekwa Okusizayo aqondakale nomunye. Uma sikhuluma isi-Faroese futhi isi-Icelandic (esiqhingini zaseScandinavia) izilimi, bayehluka kakhulu kuzo - mhlawumbe kuphela ngaphandle ezinye waboleka kuwo wonke umlando nomunye amazwi. Greenland ngokuvamile kungokwalabo iqembu Eskimo-Aleut.

Igama elithi "emazweni aseScandinavia", ngokusho kwezazi-mlando eziningi, kuba empeleni esasisesisha. It wafakwa ukusetshenziswa ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili njengoba eside ukuze imibuso emithathu (eDenmark, eSweden, Norway), njengoba ayephethe ifa zomlando, amasiko nokuphathelene nezilimi ezivamile. Kodwa wawumatasa ezithathwe yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye ukuthuthukiswa ukuhamba eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pan-scandinavism, ikhankasela ohlanganisiwe umqondo kazwelonke. Kwakuthinta yawenza yomsebenzi sibonga ezincane kuya engomeni edumile elabhalwa Hans Christian Andersen, okubhekisele abantu lephelele. Umbhali odumile ngemuva nokuhambela kwakhe Sweden waba umsekeli asebenzayo ukunyakaza. Wathumela umngane wakhe isosha esihlatshelelwayo futhi wabhala ukuthi waqaphela indlela kuhlobene "abantu bethu."

Kucatshangwa etymologically igama "emazweni Nordic" ihlobene esifundeni komlando Scania, esemgwaqweni engxenyeni eseningizimu Sweden. Womabili la magama, «Skåne» futhi «Skandinavien», zivela zamaJalimane impande «Skaðin-awjō». Ngo iningi Danes, abaseSweden futhi baseNorway - inzalo ka izizwe eziningana zaseJalimane abahlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yale nhlonhlo kanye enyakatho eyayiyingxenye yeJalimane. Bakhuluma ulimi isiJalimane, eyagcina lushintshwe Old Norse (Ephakathi eyaziwa ngokuthi ulimi enyakatho).

Nokho, ngisho noma ulimi Finnish ayinakho lwemisuka ngolimi lasendulo (kungokwalabo iqembu Finno-Ugric) kufanele bacabangele yokuthi Suomi ngokomlando nakwezombusazwe exhunywe ne wonke amazwe amathathu. Iceland, okuyinto ngenkuthalo ugcwale baseNorway kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nanye, futhi 1814 baba ingxenye Denmark, njengoba kungaba ngokuphepha zifakwe esigabeni 'emazweni aseScandinavia ".

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo emlandweni jikelele iminyaka engaphezu kuka-500, kwaba khona ubuhlobo obuseduze kunqubomgomo zakwamanye amazwe, njengoba le ukuhlaselwa Higelaka, umbusi gotov ezishiwo "Beofulfe", eGaul, futhi umkhankaso akuphumelelanga weNkosi of Norway uHarald III inzima England ngo-1066. Enye commonality kuyinto ukulahlwa YobuKatolika (esivuna yamaLuthela) ngesikhathi lapho kwaba inkolo eyodwa lonke of Western Europe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona Ezimweni ezinjalo, lapho yonke imibuso isifunda sasimunye ngaphansi ukuphathwa owodwa - ngokwesibonelo, UKnut Elikhulu, Magnus Ezinhle. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu osebenza khona - Kalmar Union. Yellow-red flag Union isasetshenziswa kwezinye izimo, ngokuhlanganisa ngaleyo ndlela eScandinavia.

Namuhla, wonke amazwe esifundeni kutsi bahlanganyele ukukhushulwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokusebenzisa izivakashi Union, ubambisene ejensi amaningi (kubandakanya 'eScandinavia uhambo ") ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.