Emsebenzini - Iyini? umsebenzi Emsebenzini: izinhlobo, ukubhaliswa kanye nesitifiketi

Emsebenzini - isixhumanisi eyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe kanye ukukhiqizwa kwanoma yiphi isakhiwo ibhizinisi letifanele ekwetfuleni inqubo control, ukugcinwa kanye womshini. Kuyinto kule ndawo axhunyiwe kuzo zonke lezi zinto futhi umshikashika kuzuza oyinhloko umgomo - ekhiqizwa izimpahla siphelile, ukuhlinzeka amasevisi, njll iyiphi inkampani, inhlangano efanele yokusebenza kumele kwenziwe ... Lokhu kuzokwenza ukukhulisa ekusetshenzisweni yokusikwa izindlela zokukhiqiza. Konke lokhu ekugcineni zithinte izindleko umkhiqizo osuphelile, izinga layo, kanye nezinye izinkomba eziningi kwezomnotho.

definition

Emsebenzini - indawo ukuthi sabelwe ibhizinisi unit ngayinye abasebenzi ngabanye. Lokhu kungaba indawo echaziwe izakhiwo ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto lihlelwe handling, ukucubungula noma izinsimbi. Ngokuvamile, ezifana endaweni yimali yesinqumo esingashintshi kuze iqembu lezisebenzi.

Kube Kwenziwa iyiphi ingxenye inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Ngamunye onezici ezithile emsebenzini. Lokhu kungenxa inqubo ukukhiqizwa ethize, kanye ezihlukahlukene amafomu, okuyinto ifa womsebenzi othize. Kodwa-ke, isimo imisebenzi ngesikhathi isitshalo, wathi ezingeni inhlangano zomsebenzi.

izidingo eziyisisekelo

Emsebenzini - lena indawo ibhizinisi lapho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu executors ukwenza umsebenzi zabasebenzi ngosizo ke efakwe njengoba hardware. Ngezinye kulawo masayithi, umgomo oyinhloko ibangelwa lonke ukukhiqizwa. Siqukethe ekufezeni izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukukhiqiza ukonga kanye nekhwalithi umkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukufeza lezinhloso nezimfuneko ezithile okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ngesikhathi ihlelwe umsebenzi emsebenzini. Lokhu kuzovumela isebenze kahle kwezinsiza ezingabasebenzi kanye impahla. Phakathi nezidingo ezikhona yilezi:

• inhlangano;
• yobunjiniyela;
• Ergonomics;
• kwezomnotho.

Njengoba izidingo zenhlangano, ukuqaliswa yabo, workstation ngamunye kumele enomqondo wahlela indawo yenqubo. Lokhu isici kuthinta ukusebenza kahle zokusebenza umculi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqashi kufanele uthole samuntu ezifanele kakhulu lapho inkonzo kuyoba yokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuzovumela ungaphazanyiswa ukunikezela umculi kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa, izingxenye kanye izikhala, kanye ithuluzi. Buciko izidingo zenhlangano kuzovumela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ulungise izinsika kanye nemishini, yokuhlanza imfucuza, kanye nokuhlinzeka yindawo nephephile umuntu.

Ngokombono lobuchwepheshe umbono, emsebenzini kumele afakwe imishini eziphambili. Kumele kube khona zonke ukulawula futhi imishini yokukala, amathuluzi nezimpahla yokusingatha izinto, ukuthi inqubo idinga.

izidingo Ergonomic kumelwe kufezeke at the stage of ukuklama imishini, kanye ukuqaliswa ukuhlela emsebenzini. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa bakhathale oyiculayo eside futhi ukuphindaphinda okuyisidina uhlobo oluthile ukunyakaza.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu okungenhla, isidingo sikhona i umsebenzi kahle umculi. Futhi le njongo enhlanganweni zasemsebenzini kufanele ikhumbule zonke izimfuno kwezomnotho. Lokhu kuzothinta ezingeni zomsebenzi ukukhiqiza, kanye umkhiqizo wokugcina.

ngezigaba

umuntu Emsebenzini - indawo ye ezihlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ethize futhi eyingqayizivele. Yingakho izidingo ezivamile ngoba isakhiwo yayo, imishini, kanye namasevisi abekho. Konke kuncike ukukhiqizwa ethize kanye kusukela umkhakha elifanelana nalo. Imisebenzi kungenziwa kuphela cishe ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka izici eziyinhloko ehlukile. Izosebenza nezidingo jikelele kanye nemithetho ezikhona ngaphakathi ngamunye amaqembu.

Omunye ngeengaba kakhulu eziyisisekelo - lizinga ezishintshayo nokukhanda lomsebenzi. Ngokusho ke, zone lapho abadlali bafeza izabelo zabo, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amahlanu. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Imisebenzi usebenzisa umsebenzi wezandla

Kulezi zindawo ukukhiqizwa umkhiqizo wokugcina kuwumphumela izindleko energy umsebenzi. Umculi wenza zabasebenzi imisebenzi usebenzisa amathuluzi isandla. Isibonelo inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-izindlela futhi izingxenye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi, ukuthuthukiswa inhlabathi lokwela noma uKyle t. D. Konke kwenziwa emsebenzini onjalo eyinkimbinkimbi okusezingeni eliphezulu zokukhiqiza ongaphakeme. Yiqiniso, inkampani akunakunisiza. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba aluqede ngokuphelele enchubeni umsebenzi wezandla, ngokufanele, imisebenzi enjalo. Bona, isibonelo, kukhona isidingo ukukhanda imishini efakwe endaweni.

Imisebenzi imisebenzi yezandla-computer

Lezi zindawo zezimboni umkhiqizo wokugcina atholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. Nokho, lapha, ngaphezu izimoto, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle iqhaza umuntu ngokunikela ingxenye amandla abo ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo ukukhiqizwa sinjalo planing ipulangwe planers kagesi noma ukhuni sawing usebenzisa isaha circulating.

Imisebenzi umsebenzi ngomshini

Kudaliwe lapho zonke izinyathelo inqubo abazenzi ngosizo imishini futhi izindlela. Indima umuntu kulokhu ukuphatha lezi zinsimbi zomsebenzi, ukulawula izinga imikhiqizo.

Leli qembu imisebenzi ihlukile abadala ababili sangaphambilini ukuthi umculi ekwenzeni imisebenzi umsebenzi uchitha amandla kuphela siqu osizayo ezinyakazayo yayo. Isibonelo kuyinto ukulawula imoto, umshini wokuthunga, nokunye. D.

yokukhiqiza abasizwa-computer

Uma yonke imisebenzi zobuchwepheshe kukhona imishini ekwazi ukuzilawula noma izindlela, indima abantu kuyehla kuphela zabo ekuqaleni-up, kanye ukumisa nokulawula ukudedelwa komkhiqizo. Kulokhu, a workstation. Kungaba ngempela endaweni ebanzi sesondlo obhekele omunye izindlela eziningana okuzenzakalelayo.

Iinsetjenziswa yokusebenza

Le ndawo kuhlukile ezikhona ekukhiqizeni ngomshini futhi okuzenzakalelayo. Kukhona imishini ekhethekile (apharathasi), okuyinto ukuthola umkhiqizo wokugcina iguqula energy ezishisayo, kagesi noma amandla amakhemikhali. Umuntu ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba ekukhiqizeni ezenzakalelayo, kusazobonakala umsebenzi yobuciko, ukulawula ukufundwa.

nezinye ngezigaba

Ukwabiwa izindawo ukusebenzela amaqembu kungaba kwenziwe ngokuvumelana:

1. Uhlobo ukukhiqizwa futhi inqubo repeatability imisebenzi. Lezi imisebenzi badalwe olulodwa futhi serial, mass ukukhiqizwa serial.
2. Degree of lunye.
3. Khona unomphela indawo. isehlane Ngakho mobile oqine (umile) workstation. Luphinde sinomthelela umsebenzi wabo enhlanganweni. Le ndawo ezinzile okudingekayo, isibonelo, isiqoqi sama-softwe at inkonzo umshini amathuluzi. Uma usebenzisa yiphi impahla esitebeleni zokusebenza endaweni? Kuyinto yesifunda esindayo, besiyoba sikhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho edala zokusebenza mobile ubonelela ukusetshenziswa ephathekayo ukukhanya ithuluzi, kanye nezimali ukuze ukuhamba kwayo. Kungenzeka ukwaba emsebenzini unomphela. Le yindawo lapho umenzi kuyinto ngokuqhubekayo amahora angaphezu kwamabili ngosuku kwabo besebenza, noma ezingaphezu kuka-50% of the time. Emsebenzini kungaba edlulayo. Lapha lomculi, ngokulandelana, amahora engaphansi kwemibili ikhona, noma ngaphansi kuka-50% isikhathi sabo zabasebenzi.
4. Isibalo abadlali. Zikukhombisa ngokuhlanganyela (lamabutho) kanye nemisebenzi ngabanye.
5. Isibalo amayunithi akhonzwa imishini ukucubungula. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho mnogostanochnye futhi odnostanochnye imisebenzi.
6. imisebenzi Executive. Ngakho, kukhona imisebenzi ochwepheshe nabasebenzi, abaphathi, ukuphepha kanye nokunye. D.
7. Lomsebenzi somculi. Ngokwesibonelo, udokotela emsebenzini noma accountant, umbazi noma ngemishini.
8. Indawo (kwendlu noma ngaphandle).
9. Shift (1-, 2-, 3- futhi 4-replaceable).
10. Isikhathi yokusetshenziswa (okwesikhashana noma unomphela).

Inhlangano kungenwe ezindaweni zokusebenzela

Ngaphambi kokuqala iyiphi inqubo ukukhiqizwa udinga ukwenza imisebenzi uhlelo okuhloswe ngazo ukuhlobisa endaweni lapho umculi wenza imisebenzi yabo, izinto futhi izindlela zomsebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukulungiswa yokusebenza kumele kwenziwe. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle uhlelo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi, okubandakanya indoda, umshini futhi imvelo. Ukuze siphephe, uma nemibandela bomsebenzi lezi nemingcele, inqubo ukusebenza zizokwenziwa abe onokwethenjelwa ephumelelayo kakhulu.

Ukudala zokusebenza ukuma ukhululekile, kanye imithwalo kahle zonke izicubu womuntu, udinga ukusebenzisa ulwazi izici anthropological. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ergonomic kungenwe ezindaweni zokusebenzela, okuyinto uyakucabangela izici bokuphila nabadlali nokuhamba kwazo kulinganiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinto zitholakala kule ndawo, kufanele abe ifomu, umbala, ubukhulu, okuyinto zivumelana sokuzwa, ethintekayo, ezibukwayo, kanye nezinye izici ngokwengqondo bokuphila komuntu. Khanyisa kanye nomswakama, umsindo kanye lokushisa uthuli vibration - konke lokhu kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi lapho kuphela yakhelwe umsebenzi mobile noma unomphela. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo inhlanzeko, okuyinto zenzelwe umtsetfo lokhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimo zokusebenza ephephile nenempilo.

imisebenzi Inhlangano quota

Umsebenzi namathuba omsebenzi - lawa letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalo kanye ukuzimela kwezomnotho wabantu, amathuba elinganiselwe. Kulabo ikakhulukazi abadinga ukuvikelwa komphakathi kanye nobunzima ngesikhathi umsebenzi izikhala etholakala amabhizinisi, imithetho kusungulwa quota ezithile. Ikhombisa inombolo ubuncane imisebenzi, okuyinto umqashi kufanele sibekwe eceleni ukuze leli qembu izakhamuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqashwa kwabantu abanjalo kungumsebenzi iyiphi inkampani, kungakhathaliseki injalo yenhlangano-zomthetho.

imisebenzi Isabelo-based - lena isiqinisekiso esongeziwe ka umsebenzi izakhamuzi '. Ukudalwa kwawo zivikela abangasebenzi kwalabo abakufisela sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe ongaphakeme emakethe yezabasebenzi.

Ngo inhlangano ka engaphezu kwekhulu abasebenzi, kumelwe nakanjani babe imisebenzi omunye quota ezisekelwe. Kungumsebenzi yomqashi. It livikeleke umthetho "Ngo zokuvikeleka komphakathi invalids ku Russian Federation". Yini okufanele ibe quota kwemisebenzi? Lokhu isethwe emva ukubala olwenziwa (kusuka 2 kuya amaphesenti 4 sokuqanjwa isilinganiso abasebenzi).

Sengqondo emsebenzini

Le ndawo eyodwa lapho umenzi kufanele zibhekelele isibalo isibalo isikhala esitholakalayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi usebenza ezihlobene ne imishini, izindlela zokukhiqiza, izinto zomsebenzi futhi konke ababekudinga ukuze inqubo zabasebenzi. Lapho ihlela ukuba kube emsebenzini kubalulekile ukuba abe izinto futhi amathuluzi zomsebenzi ukuze umculi akuzange kudingeke ukuba enze noma yimuphi ukunyakaza ezingadingekile. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa opharetha ukukhathala ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle.

Sengqondo emsebenzini kufanele sigcwaliswe kucatshangelwa izidingo ergonomic. Zinikeza ukwakheka okunengqondo ezindaweni zokusebenza, kanye ukukhethwa okuhlukile ukubekwa amathuluzi nezimpahla, oluzohlinzekela adingekayo isikhala zokusebenza nokusebenza ngesikhathi kulondolozwa isikhala ukukhiqizwa.

imisebenzi ukuhlaziywa

Ngo ukuphathwa izigaba ezithile kungaba abasebenzi zihlukaniswa kunoma iyiphi ibhizinisi. Eyokuqala yalezi lihlanganisa ukuhlaziya imisebenzi. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe kanjani umklamo lemikhakha kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo ukusebenza.

Ukuhlaziywa kuyinto bheke emisebenzini. Ngo izifundo zayo zezinkinga tivame kusonjululwa oPhethe, kanye nezidingo eziyisisekelo ukuze imfundo, umthwalo nesipiliyoni idingekile ukuze kule ndawo yomsebenzi.

eyodwa yezindlela ezine zingasetshenziswa ukuqoqa ulwazi oludingekayo:

• inkhulumoluhlolo (interview);
• ukubhekwa;
• imibuzo;
• ekubhaleni uhlu imisebenzi umsebenzi.

Ngokusebenzisa eyodwa yalezi zindlela, okokuqala kunakho konke, kufanele ukuqoqa idatha ku esifundeni lapho umculi wenza imisebenzi yakhe, bese ukufunda inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngokwaso.

Certification kungenwe ezindaweni zokusebenzela

Labor umthetho we Russian Federation sihlinzekela isibopho esiphathelene umqashi ukuqhuba ukubuyekeza ngezikhathi ezithile izimo abasebenza kulezo zindawo lapho abadlali bafeza izabelo zabo. Certification kungenwe ezindaweni zokusebenzela - lena umcimbi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho Lembula nezici futhi uyingozi ngoba ziyingozi empilweni yomuntu.

Inqubo sokufeza ezifana ukuhlolwa kanye nokubhaliswa Imiphumela yayo iqinile ngokulandelana iHhovisi lezeMpilo yeRussia, eshicilelwe 26.04.2011, le Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, izitifiketi kungaphansi emsebenzini lapho:

• eziqhutshwa imishini, imishini, ukufaka, imishini, izinto ezisetshenziswayo izimoto, kanye wenza nokuthuma zabo, ukulungisa kanye nokuhlolwa;
• zikhona izingozi zibe nethonya eliyingozi abantu;
• agcinwe, idluliselwe futhi wasebenzisa izinto futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa;
• ezisetshenziswa manual, ezinezinjini noma amathuluzi kagesi.

Certification kungenwe ezindaweni zokusebenzela - lena umcimbi, okungaba:

• oyinhloko;
• okuphindaphindiwe;
• bengahlosile.

Ngeti-5 kuya-system

Kukhona amasu athile, ukuvumela ukuhlela isikhala umsebenzi endaweni efanele futhi ephumelelayo. Ibizwa ngokuthi 5S-system imisebenzi «." Etoa amasu ihlose ukwakha kwezimo ezifanele ukuze sikwazi ukulondoloza oda nokuhlanzeka, ukuthobela ukunemba, kanye ukulondoloza amandla nesikhathi. Ngeti-5 kuya - iyithuluzi zokukhiqiza mafutha, akhiwa Toyota e eminyakeni yangemva kwempi. Ukwethulwa kule nqubo ku ibhizinisi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni okwandisa ukuncintisana imikhiqizo yabo. Phela, kuphela endaweni ngokuhleleka futhi ehlanzekile kungenzeka okwenza eliphezulu izinto ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zamakhasimende. Ngeti-5 kuya amasu kudala izimfanelo sangempela salokhu. Siqukethe izinyathelo ezinhlanu ezilandelanayo.

Emfanekisweni wokuqala kubo ihlelwa futhi kamuva nokususa wonke engadingekile etholakala emsebenzini. Lokhu nakanjani sinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kanye namasiko. Ngu ukuhlunga nekubona ezingadingekile izinhloso inqubo, bonke abasebenzi kumele abathintekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto extra iyasetshenziswa noma idluliselwe indawo yokugcina.

Isinyathelo sesibili indlela yokugcina oda and self-inhlangano. Kulokhu, yonke into itholakala endaweni yayo. Zonke izinto isici endaweni kufinyeleleke somsebenzisi ngamunye. Ukuze uthole ngokushesha ithuluzi elifanele noma into kufanele wenze uphawu lwabo.

Esesithathu isinyathelo indlela kuhilela yokuhlanza esihleliwe emsebenzini nokuhlanzeka. Lwenza uhlelo oluthile, lapho kungekho lutho olunye olwenzayo ingcolile. Esimweni ngasinye kulezi zindawo umsebenzi kwenziwe yokuhlanza njalo njalo. Kulokhu, wonke amathuluzi zisesimweni esifanele futhi ezindaweni lapho ingatholakala kalula. yokuhlanza Periodic imishini enikeziwe kule nqubo, ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okungenzeka kube khona izindlela.

Isinyathelo sesine elifanele inqubo. It is a ebhalwe yokuphepha izixazululo ephumelela kunazo zitholakala wokwenziwa kweengaba ezintathu zokuqala. Kulokhu, indlela kuzobonakala futhi kulula ukukhumbula. Futhi esigabeni sesine izindinganiso zenzelwe yokwamukela umsebenzi ngokuphepha kanye nokugcinwa imishini. Bonke ezilotshwe imibhalo eshicilelwe ku-inkampani.

Isinyathelo sesihlanu iwukuba ngcono isiyalo. Kuphela isisebenzi owenza yonke imithetho, uyakwazi ukusebenza futhi ufeze okuthile.

5S indlela isetshenziswa elifanele ezindaweni abasebenza kanye nokwakhiwa inhlangano. Ukwenziwa izinyathelo kuyimfuneko yokuqala ebalulekile ukuze ngcono ukuphepha, ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi ukusebenza kahle. Umqondo oyinhloko nqubo ukuthi imithetho zinikelwa ke yenziwa bonke abasebenzi. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, futhi izinto zokuhlanza, futhi umqondisi. Inzuzo enkulu lo mqondo itholakala lokuthi konke izinyathelo ezingenhla akudingeki buqhubekele ukuphathwa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ekhethekile namasu.