Impilo, Imithi
Emathunjini amancane: incazelo, lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti
Indlela bahlanganyela mncane futhi emathunjini ezinkulu? Yiziphi izici izingxenye emelelwa ka ipheshana wokugaya ukudla? Iyini indima yomqhubi weSifundo encane amathumbu play in the inqubo ukumuncwa kwezakhi? Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo kanye neminye e isiphakamiso.
Ingxenye emathunjini amancane lomuntu
Hlukanisa enjalo wamathumbu ezincane:
- Duodenum uxhuma indawo esiswini ezonakele. Lokhu emathunjini amancane kokuqala yakha iluphu emhlabeni amanyikwe ukhamba. I duodenum cishe ngokuphelele elise ngaphakathi komgodi retroperitoneal. Beyond kumkhawulo isikhala kuphela neseleko yayo encane - ampoule.
- Jejunum yakha elingenhla emathunjini amancane. Kwethulwa ngesimo izihibe eziyisikhombisa abalale ohlangothini lwesobunxele peritoneum.
- Ileum ise aphansi endaweni kwesokudla esiswini. Its ekupheleni iluphu sihamba endaweni okhalo. I ileum ixhunywe umugqa futhi iseduze isinye, isibeletho (e abesifazane).
nemingcele ngokomzimba
Iingaba ezingehla emathunjini amancane ngesikhathi izingxenye ezahlukene unayo i ubukhulu engalingani. Esikhathini distal zone Inkomba 2-3 cm proximal ukuze - 4-6. I ukushuba odongeni emathunjini ilingana 2-3 mm futhi ifinyelela 4.5 esimweni ekunciphiseni izicubu. Ubude emathunjini amancane iyonke ingaba 5-6 amamitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isisindo yayo abadala kucishe 650
emathunjini amancane: neminyango, imisebenzi,
I ezinkulu ukugaya izinqubo ezenzeka emathunjini amancane. Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila ijwabu wendawo ukhiqiza omkhulu kakhulu enzyme esebenzayo. Bona kusetshenzwe hummus - incumbe ukudla adalwe ayo esiswini. Lapha izakhi ewusizo angena lymph kanye igazi liphuma kuma-capillary ezinikeza yokugibela ezicutshini nogwali izinhlelo. Cabanga ngalokho imisebenzi yenziwe izingxenye emathunjini amancane:
- Duodenum - the hydrolysis amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha. Sinikeza ukukhiqizwa asebenzayo we ama-enzyme. IZINHLELO undigested izinhlayiyana zokudla Bile ezokuthutha lokuqukethwe esiswini.
- Jejunum - motor, ukuncela, umsebenzi hormone, le hydrolysis ka polymers.
- endaweni Iliac - ezokuthutha kanye motor umsebenzi. Linikeza ukumuncwa izinto akhiwa hydrolysis. Ahlunge Bile acid.
Ikhono lamaseli emathunjini amancane kuya ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone
Ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone uba umsebenzi othize kwezicubu wendawo. Ingxenye emathunjini amancane akuzona kuphela ingxenye ipheshana wokugaya ukudla, kodwa futhi ingxenye yohlelo endocrine. Uveza uhlu olubanzi hormone esilawula ezokuthutha kanye motor umsebenzi emathunjini bese wokugaya ukudla.
Emathunjini amancane ukugxila isinyathelo esilandelayo endocrine amaseli:
- I-amaseli - ukukhiqiza cholecystokinin;
- D-amaseli - somatostatin;
- M-amaseli - motilin;
- G-amaseli - gastrin;
- K-amaseli - glucose ancike insulinotropic polypeptide;
- amaseli S- - secretin.
Kwenqwaba kwamaseli ama-hormone esikhiqiza ise jejunum futhi duodenum. Small yingxenye yazo - ku iliac.
Kanjani ukugaya emathunjini amancane?
Ukugaya emathunjini amancane kanje. Oku-iphathwa ngamathe futhi esiswini juice uginindela ivela isisu asidi. Emathunjini amancane mass imelelwa kuhlasela ane-alikhali. Ngakho kwezimo ezifanele kucutshungulwa izakhi enzyme. Cleavage yezingxenye amaprotheni ukudla slurry kuthonywa izakhi olandelayo ayo emathunjini:
- Enzyme enterokinase, kinazogen, trypsin kusetshenzwe amaprotheni elula.
- Erepsin uhlaba peptides ku-amino acid.
- ukwabelana Nuclease umkhondo yezinhlayiya eziyinkimbinkimbi wamaprotheni imvelaphi, eyaziwa ngokuthi nucleoproteins.
- Enzyme maltase, phosphatase, Amylase futhi lactase sokudiliza carbohydrate.
- Lipase kuguqula amafutha.
Ngemva synthesis izinto eziwusizo ekudleni uginindela by ukwelashwa ngama-enzyme, nabavoti proteinaceous kanye carbohydrate kuthiwa amuncwa villi emathunjini amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho izakhi mkhondo isinyathelo capillary emithambo yegazi in the izicubu isibindi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, amafutha athunyelwa uhlelo lymph.
Izifo emathunjini amancane
I izifo ezivame kakhulu ezithinta emathunjini amancane, kukhona isifo sohudo sezinyawo ukubambezeleka izindlela. Sokuzikhulula iziyaluyalu zivame ukuhambisana ukuthuthukiswa ubuhlungu peritoneum. Kaningi, uma kwenzeka ubuthi kanye iziyaluyalu emathunjini amancane kunensada ukubuyisa. Kulokhu, ubuhlungu sifushane, omaphakathi futhi akuyona yisici esiyinhloko esibangela ubuhlungu.
A oluvamile sokwehluleka emsebenzini emathunjini amancane - kwentaba ku peritoneum, umuzwa ukunyakaza atypical esiswini. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukukhiqizwa gas obuningi kakhulu obuvela ukusetshenziswa okusanhlamvu, iklabishi, amazambane, i-rye isinkwa. Kakhulu sithuthukisa lezi zimpawu kungaba ebusuku.
Ukuze kwaba nemiphumela emibi nakakhulu kuholele ukwehluleka emsebenzini wokukhiqiza enzyme wokuqhekeka chyme ku micronutrients. Uma ukugaya ngenxa ukumuncwa izinto ezisegazini kanye lymph izitsha, ingekho kahle, kungase kuholele kwesisindo, buthaka esihlasela amathambo futhi imisipha izicubu. Imiphumela ukuqunjelwa ngokuvamile ukushonelwa izinwele, isikhumba esomile, ukubukeka nokuvuvuka emikhawulweni.
Kunemibandela eziningana eziyisisekelo kuholele ukuthuthukiswa pathologies emathunjini amancane:
- Malabsorption - malabsorption izakhamzimba.
- Maldigestion - Umsebenzi ongaphakeme wokugaya ukudla.
Uma sikhuluma izinga singenele okulungisa ukudla slurry, izenzakalo ezifanayo zenzeke ngokumelene isizinda amazinga aphansi enzyme ayo emathunjini. ukuvutshelwa okuphansi kungaba kokubili abeyizuzile futhi zofuzo. Ngokuvamile leli cebo zokugula aphume ashone umphumela ukuvuvukala okungamahlalakhona, endocrine iziyaluyalu, ukungenelela kuhlinzwa.
ukuhlola
Ukuxilonga ukuthuthukiswa izifo emathunjini, ochwepheshe aye ayisebenzisa kaningi zindlela uphenyo:
- capsule luhlolo;
- SPL;
- colonoscopy;
- Endoscopy;
- fibroscopy;
- X ray.
Ngokuphathelene ukuhlaziywa, lapho kunikezwa nenqubo ejwayelekile. Isiguli nezintela sezinyawo isampula, igazi esithathwayo. I indle bahlolelwa khona izikelemu. Ekuhloleni igazi kucatshangelwe ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza ukuhlola, okuvumela ukuba bahlole isibindi yegilo indlala.
ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngaso uzowubuyisela nemisebenzi emathunjini amancane, okubandakanya, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuqedwa isifo ecashile. Nge ukuntula enzyme ayo emathunjini ukuthatha amalungiselelo equkethe kubo zokwenziwa esikhundleni. Lokhu ukulahlekelwa isisindo inikezwa kusho parenteral umsoco kwezicubu. Njengengxenye khona muva nje emulsion kwamafutha, amino acid, amaprotheni hydrolysates, glucose kanzulu.
Uma izinkinga zibangelwa dysbiosis emathunjini, antibiotic. Lesi sakamuva singabangela avuse ekubhujisweni esinqunyiwe noma ephelele flora nenzuzo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, emva kokwelashwa isiguli zidinga yokuvuma "Bifikol", "Lactobacterin" noma "kolibakterin" - imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ukuthi babe nomthelela omuhle ukubuyiselwa biocenosis emathunjini.
Kaningi, ezigulini baphazamisekile emathunjini amancane, babelwa ukuba bathole imishanguzo engabasiza esibangela indle uphawu. Lezi zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ngokuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu calcium, bismuth. Uma kumiswa indle liquid kubangela enganele adhesion-fatty acid, ukuze kulungiswe inkinga aye ayisebenzisa kaningi ukusetshenziswa carbon isebenze. Zonke ngentuthuko ngenhla ezimbi zidinga pre-ukwelashwa kudokotela. Ukuletha emathunjini amancane ezivamile, kubalulekile ukuba bangayeki yokuzithiba, uphethwe esifike ngesikhathi futhi Sokuzivikela enele athuthukile yokwelapha onguchwepheshe.
Ekuphetheni
Ngakho sabuka ukuthi kukodwa ukwahlukana encane amathumbu, isakhiwo emelelwa ingxenye ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Njengoba ubona, nezicubu wendawo abahileleke ngokuqondile okulungisa ukudla, yehlukanise kube namaminerali ehlukile. emathunjini amancane ukhiqiza ama-enzyme, amavithamini, ama-hormone, ama-ejenti ezithuthukisa umsebenzi mzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo okuvela nokuntuleka nama-bacterium awusizo ezihlala phezu kwezingange zawo, njalo kuholela ukuthuthukiswa izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo.
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