Ekhuluma kwi-inthanethi: izinhlobo nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano ukwakhiwa

Ukuze ukukhomba ikhompyutha ngabanye exhunywe kwi-Inthanethi, uye bethole indlela ekhethekile ekhuluma. Kukhona ekhuluma kwi-inthanethi ezimbili zama: zezinombolo (IP ekhuluma) kanye uhlamvu. Lezi izinhlelo ezimbili nokuhlala ndawonye. Lenombolo ekhuluma imishini esetshenziswa, umlingisi - abantu. Phela, umuntu kuba lula kakhulu ukuba akhumbule ini futhi ahumushe izimpawu (izincwadi) kwenani.

Noma iyiphi ikhompuyutha exhunywe kwi-Inthanethi inekheli lasesizindeni se-intanethi (iDemo Inthanethi), esakhiwa izinombolo ezine ahlukaniswe amachashazi (HHH.HHH.HHH.HHH). Ukwaziswa okwethulwa leli fomu, ulwazi ikhomba ngokugcwele ikheli ikhompyutha. inombolo ngayinye zokhahlamba kusuka 000 kuya 255. okunjalo ekhuluma kwi-inthanethi kwanele encode amakhompyutha kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine.

Nakuba World Wide Web kwakuba inombolo encane ababhalisile, uhlelo digital yayiyilungele, kodwa isandiso yayo ukusebenzisa lolu imodeli baba ungakhululekile. Futhi kwanqunywa ukuba usebenzise parallel DNS igama lesizinda uhlelo (kusukela English Domain Name System). Ukuze wenze lokhu, iqembu elithile labantu sola bokunikeza amagama esiyingqayizivele kubasebenzisi ingxenye ethile. Emhlabeni akukho esilawula internet, kodwa kukhona izinhlangano ukuthi bekwi eliphakeme futhi isabelo izinombolo: igama lesizinda computer kufanele yehluke salokhu bese ubuka kulezi zinhlangano. Ekhuluma ku-intanethi usebenzisa igama lesizinda namuhla obanzi kunayo.

Igama ikhompyutha ingaqukatha iyiphi inombolo kwezizinda, kodwa siqukethe iningi izinto amabili kuya kwamahlanu, okuyinto abahlukene nezinye iphuzu ngalinye (isb, tvka.ivno.ru. noma www.companys.com). Lezi amakheli bakhethe amanye Isifaniso nge imeyili. Ukuze uthumele umlayezo kumuntu ofanele, kuqala akhombise izwe, khona-ke esifundeni, isifunda, idolobha, emgwaqweni, futhi igama ngokwalo. A wokwehlayo efanayo nokuthi ekhuluma kwi-inthanethi: ilungelo igama lesizinda ungowokuqala (eliphakeme) ezingeni, kulandele junior level ezizindeni, lapho bonke ndawonye ukudala igama computer esiyingqayizivele. Kutholwe kwesokudla igama lesizinda abaphezulu ithwala, njengoba umthetho, ulwazi isikhundla ezindawo ka the computer (.ru - Russia, .ngu - Belarus, .ua - Ukraine, njll) noma ngendaba, which busisa isayithi (.gov - ejensi kahulumeni; .com - izinhlangano kwezohwebo; .org - izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo; .edu - izikhungo zemfundo, njll). Kodwa abanikazi indawo musa njalo zithobele ngezigaba wasamukela, futhi endaweni .ru kungenzeka elise Belarusian, Kazakh, noma yimuphi omunye site.

Namuhla, amakheli Inthanethi eziningi kangaka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange database esasizoba wonke amakheli, ngakho umthetho olandelwayo zasungula iseshwa igama elinikeziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwiseva yomhlinzeki yasungula uhlelo olukhethekile, eyabe isifika ukuguqulwa uhlamvu DNS amakheli ikheli le-IP. Khona-ke search iseva, ukuthi igcine ulwazi esayithini oyifunayo noma ibhokisi leposi. Eqinisweni, lena umsebenzi onzima kakhulu: kukhona amaseva amaningi kakhulu kunethiwekhi. Ukuze lula search for jikelele ukusetshenziswa Resource locators URL (kusukela Universal Resource Locator). Kulolu hlu iqukethe ulwazi mayelana olandelwayo ukuthi ufuna ukusebenzisa uma usesha emakhelini, kwadingeka kwezinhlelo osebenza ohlelweni lokucwaninga kanye ifayela equkethe ulwazi olufanele, okwenza ukucinga kwenye iwebhusayithi lula kakhulu.