Dimmer: wesifunda lwenethiwekhi, ukubuyekezwa. Dimmer - kuyini?

Abantu zisebenzisa emagcekeni ngetinhloso letehlukene, futhi le misebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafani ukukhanyisa. Kuyinto elula ukuba ulungise dimmer - idivayisi electronic evumela ukushintsha ezingeni ukukhanya okuvela "cishe amnyama" kuze ukubonakala ephelele ngokumane turning ikhanda noma ngokuhambisa ingalo.

Kungani dimmers?

ukukhanyisa Indoor endlini kubaluleke kakhulu. Izinga igumbi ngalinye abizele lokho akwazi ukukwenza, futhi kunomthelela omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngeke ukwazi ukufunda ikhandlela elilodwa, kodwa dinner yothando amabili kungase kubonakale kumnandi kangaka 1.5-kilowatt angu-Halogen isibani.

dimmers Modern, dimming isb Legrand, ukuvumela ukuba kahle ulungise izibani okukhanyisa ngezibani ezinhlobo ezehlukene.

Resistor dimmers

Ekuqaleni, ukuze ulungise izinga ukukhanya isetshenziswa ngempela ikhambi elilula - a Resistor variable exhunywe njengendlela dimmer. Wabanikeza? Jwayelekile wirewound Resistor kuyinto wire elincanyana, okuyinto kwakha ezithile (zenani eliyimali ngokuhambisana) ukumelana ukunyakaza amacala kagesi. Umklamo we Resistor variable, ngaphezu impahla resistive noxhumana nabo ezimbili fixed, sanezela olunye kanye contact ezihambayo nalesi siphetho. Ngu-circuit kagesi i-elementi uxhuma zeselula omunye oxhumana isilungisiwe.

Kulesi ukwakhiwa, ukumelana isamba Resistor is nhlobonhlobo ngokulungisa ibanga ukuthi icala has ukuba adabule impahla resistive, kodwa ukukhuluma nje - ubude bentambo kusukela eqondiswa contact ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Uma oxhumana naye ezithathekayo iseduze egxilile (exhunywe kwi-wesifunda), i-Resistor incane. Uma elivulela yesibili contact fixed, icala has ukuba adabule impahla resistive.

Lapho icala eshukunyiswa amabutho kagesi ngokusebenzisa Resistor, amandla alo elahlekile njengoba ukushisa. Uma beka Resistor yesifunda chungechunge, ukulahlekelwa amandla kuwo kubangele okuhambisanayo voltage iconsi yonkana Resistor, ukunciphisa amandla etholakalayo nezinye umthwalo (isibani, isibonelo). Ukunciphisa voltage isibani kunciphisa ukukhanya kwayo okukhiphayo.

Inkinga kuleli isixazululo ukuthi you phetho zokuchitha amandla amaningi Ukushisa Resistor, okungasekelwe ukukhanyisa ekamelweni lakho, kodwa kuzobiza penny kuhle. Godu amandla nokungasebenzi, Resistor ukushintsha dimmer ngokuvamile nzima futhi engase ibe ingozi yomlilo, njengoba okuguquguqukayo Resistor ukukhishwa ukushisa okukhulu. amadivaysi yamanje usebenzise iyashelela indlela.

Umgomo we operation

Ngakho, empeleni dimmer. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ngokuya umehluko kusuka Resistor? Kunokuba uthathe amandla isibani e ukumelana variable, dimmers zanamuhla ushintsho kwesikhathi lwamanje ngayinye, ukumboza kafushane indlela ndima yayo, ukwehlisa inani lonke lama-amandla kwashabalala lonke uchungechunge. It kuvela ukuthi samanje isibani off izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzwana.

ukushintsha isikhathi umjikelezo yakhelwe yasendlini AC oscillations. Banezinhliziyo polarity ezahlukene voltage - e inamagquma sinusoidal wave zamanje ke kuyehluka kusuka esiphezulu positive ezimbi. Ngamanye amazwi, njengoba ibhekene namacala ezihambayo, esiwumfanekiso zamanje kushintshana, njalo siguqula isiqondiso salo motion. ERussia, liqhubeke umjikelezo yokushintsha (icala ezinyakazayo kwelinye direction ke omunye) izikhathi ezingu-50 ngomzuzwana.

"Break" sine wave samanje isigamu-umjikelezo ngamunye - yilokho okwenza dimmer. Kusho ukuthini? It ngokuzenzakalelayo sicisha ukukhanya isibani wesifunda isikhathi ngasinye ekushintsheni isiqondiso zamanje, okungukuthi, lapho iqanda voltage kulesi sifunda. Lokhu kwenzeka kabili umjikelezo ngamunye, noma izikhathi 100 ngomzuzwana. ukuthengisela yamanje wesifunda isibani esitshalweni futhi uma voltage antante ezingeni elithile.

Lomgomo - "ukufaka ezingeni" - Icacisa isikhundla ipeni lakho nge switch dimmer. Uma efakwe isimo ukukhanya, kuvela ngokushesha okukhulu emva ukuvala shaqa. Isikimu likhona iningi umjikelezo, ukuze azikhulule amandla ngomzuzwana ingilazi yesibani. Uma dimmer isethelwe okukhanyisa ongaphakeme, kuyoba alinde emva ukuvala shaqa isikhathi eside kuze ngeke uvule futhi ekupheleni umjikelezo.

Lona umqondo oluyisisekelo, kodwa empeleni isebenza dimmer? Ukushayela uxhumano ayeyinikwe esigabeni esilandelayo, sizophendula lo mbuzo.

Kudivayisi Ukufiphala electronic

Sesiyazi ukuthi ngeke ngokushesha asuse ukukhanya phezu kwengungu ukunciphisa awanikezwa ukuze isibani. Kodwa nokho, ikakhulukazi dimmer ngokwayo - kuyini? I element central ka ukujikeleza kwalo kuyinto Semiconductor ac inkinobho noma triac.

Triac - encane kudivayisi Semiconductor, efana a diode noma Transistor. Njengabo, triac siqukethe izingqimba ezahlukene Semiconductor impahla. Phakathi kwabo, n-uhlobo lwento, okuyinto has a lot of electron mahhala kanye izinto p-uhlobo kokuba "izimbobo" abaningi lapho ama-electron khulula izophela.

I triac uyakwazi kudlule zamanje polarity ezahlukene voltage isicelo nalokho, okusho kokubili isigamu-imijikelezo AC amapayipi voltage, kodwa kuphela uma electrode yesithathu - .. Isango - zinamandla ukulawula isicelo. Kanjalo-ke, eqinisweni, egijima dimmer. Isikimu elingezansi libonisa kanjani waphenduka.

Voltage phezu kwesango triac, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze uvule, efike capacitor isitoreji, nesikhathi ngaphandle kwenkokhiso yayo kusukela ekuqaleni isigamu-isikhathi supply voltage elawula a Resistor onhlobonhlobo. Ngakho kwenzekani kule scheme? Ngamafuphi:

• Triac uba isikhethi voltage.
• Voltage esangweni ilawula isikhathi ukufakwa yayo.
• A Resistor variable usetha voltage ku esangweni.
• I mpintsha ukhonza lungisani umumo gagasi samanje wesifunda amandla isibani kagesi (bheka. Seq. Isigaba).
• Lokucindezela capacitor kuvimbela isizukulwane wesifunda ukuphazamiseka dimmer.

Ixhuma kwinethiwekhi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke umsakazo ikhipha kagesi kuboniswe kulo mdwebo ezingenhla, dimmer shelwe izindlu, okuyinto has terminals ezimbili kuphela ukunika amandla idivayisi olulodwa okhombisa inethiwekhi kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ubuchwepheshe ukuqaliswa uxhumano ezifana dimmer fanekiso ngokuphelele ezivamile ezimbili isigxobo inkinobho. By endleleni, abanye imiklamo yabo babe inkinobho esakhelwe ixhunywe uvo lonke icebo, ukhiye yayo itholakala eduze knob control. Ngakho-ke, ohlanganisa dimmer, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-xhuma inkinobho ezivamile, enze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Thola isibani noma izibani kusukela iqembu control ukuze dimmer.
2. Bala wamanje sokudliwa amadivayisi ukukhanyisa lapho ifakwa amandla ngaphandle dimmer.
3. Khetha dimmer nge esiphezulu isekelé ezisebenza zamanje hhayi ezincane kuno ukuthi etholwe Sec. 2.
4. Beka dimmer ku endaweni efanele bese uxhuma kunethiwekhi njengendlela ezivamile ezimbili isigxobo inkinobho. Phawula lapha ukuthi noma iyiphi inkinobho ukuze ukufakwa umqhubi igebe isigaba, hhayi "zero", vol. E. Kufanele uchungechunge ukugeleza lamanje ukuze isibani (s), kodwa hhayi emva kwalo.

wesifunda Real dimmer iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho. Ngakho, kungase kube kude dimmer nge elawulwa kude, switchable (ngokuzenzakalela) timer uxhumeke uhla "endlini smart", kanye uhlobo acoustic noma izwi isilawuli. Nokho, konke lokhu "ukugxusha smart Ngazo" ithukuswe phakathi idivayisi, futhi inqubo yokuxhuma kwinethiwekhi ayiyona inkimbinkimbi.

izibani Buzz khona dimmers

Ngokombono eziningi abasebenzisi, ngokuxhuma esikhundleni ushintshele ku eshibhile dimmer amandla wesifunda esikhipha ngizwa engakunaki nokubhuza ongaziwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yawo eguquguqukayo intambo isibani zibangelwa ngokushintsha umumo gagasi zamanje enikeziwe kusukela triac.

Njengoba wazi, lamanje egeleza ngokusebenzisa izintambo yakha amandla enkulu kazibuthe kanye ukuhluka zamanje babangela ziyaguquguquka kazibuthe. Intambo e isibani nje Kuvunguza wire okuyinto, uma Solenoid is uzibuthe ngu ngidlula zamanje adabula kulo, nozibuthe oscillates nge imvamisa wamanje kushintshana.

I evamile sinusoidal uhlelo lokwabelana ngamafayela liyashintshashintsha kancane kancane njengoba nozibuthe. Lamanje kusukela dimmer washintsha isigubhukane lapho triac ekubeni conductive. Lolu shintsho okungazelelwe zamanje sishintsha kazibuthe ngokushesha, okungase kubangele vibration intambo. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ethambile avungazelayo umsindo evele ekushintsheni kazibuthe ezokwenzela amasignali omsakazo ababuthakathaka ukuthi kungaphazamisa TV eduze noma umsakazo!

dimmers Iningi aqukethe izingxenye ezengeziwe ukuqeda kuyachwaza umphumela. Ngokuvamile, ukuxhumeka kwe-circuit dimmer ihlanganisa binda exhasa (bheka. Isikimu ngenhla), okuyinto wire eside laqina i core yensimbi, futhi eyengeziwe ukucindezelwa capacitor. Bobabili amadivayisi ingagcina okwesikhashana amandla kagesi (ngesimo magnetic field amandla, samanje, futhi kagesi icala amandla) bese besebenzisa kamuva. Lokhu amandla smoothes ebukhali voltage spikes kubangelwa sizibulale triac ukunciphisa hum nokugxambukela.

Dimmers nezibani

Dimmers ukudala isimo wenduduzo ekhaya futhi ukunciphisa izindleko energy. Nokho, akubona bonke ama niyafanelana nabo, futhi lokhu kungase kubangele izinkinga for abanikazi bezindlu. Abathengi abaningi ukushicilela izinkulumo ezimbi eziphathelene ukulawulwa dimmer ukukhanya, kodwa ukuhlaziywa izimpendulo kuholela esiphethweni sokuthi abalobi umane ungayazi imigomo kwezibani kwedivayisi futhi dimmers ndawonye.

Ama zinezikhathi amandla voltage. Uma ukhetha Ukufiphala okungalungile ezinye izinhlobo azizifanelekeli kubo ukungezwani futhi kumbangele izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha isibane Ukufiphala, abantu kumele bazi izinhlobo ezahlukene futhi ufunde ukukhetha lihambisana kuphela dimmers babo abakhona.

Abathengi Ungakhetha esikhipha, Halogen, Fluorescent nezibani LED. Izinhlobo ezimbili lokuqala izibani ukuphatha kalula dimmers, kuyilapho izibani Fluorescent kanye LED kokuba okukhipha ukukhanya, umsebenzi mkhulu ezibizayo futhi kancane ngedivayisi embuzweni.

esikhipha

esikhipha isibani usebenza ngoba kagesi sidlula intambo yayo, okuyinto heats bese iqala ukuba kuvuthe. Lezi ama-globe kagesi njengoba izihlobo zabo abaseduze - izibani Halogen (eqinisweni, izibani intambo efanayo, kodwa kwalokho compounds Halogen-equkethe ku umfuma ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka we indaba intambo), kukhona utilitarian kakhulu umbono ama, ngoba sisebenze yimuphi dimmer. Abakwazi ukubekezelela voltage liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa okuhle ngokwanele ezingeni layo elifanele. Ngokombono labo abathengi abafuna ukulondoloza amandla futhi wandise ukuphila isibani ngokusebenzisa dimmers, isebenza kahle kakhulu. Abasebenzisi abaningi ukubika ukuthi esikhipha amalambu kukhona dimmable ngomsebenzi engabizi kanye nenkambiso eziphambili. Bona fade cishe ngokuphelele lapho inkinobho dimmer kuvaliwe ngenhla nje.

izibani Fluorescent

Lezi izibani kungaphakathi isibani mercury evala. Idalwe nabo emisebeni ukushisa ultraviolet ekujabulisayo le phosphor, olwaluhlanganisa izindonga ingaphakathi isibani ukuze ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya ebonakalayo. Abanye abasebenzisi ukubuyekeza yabo ibonisa ukuthi izibani zabo nje off phansi dimmer ukulawula ububanzi. Into wukuthi basebenzisa okubizwa ngokuthi izibani Fluorescent compact kungukuthi yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ne dimmers uma umninikhaya ukufakwa zinamandla ongaphakeme ngaphesheya idivayisi, mane nje ukuvala isibani, futhi ngeke fade. Ukusebenzisa dimmer ephethe ilambu, kufanele kube isikebhe sizinze dimmable, lokho kufanele akhonjiswe kwi isembozo. Ezinye dimmers ejwayelekile kukhona iyahambisana isibani, kodwa akuwona wonke. Abathengi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhetha dimmer 220 nge inkomba kamakhi mayelana ukuhambisana ke ngezibani Fluorescent.

ama LED

ukusebenza kwabo kusekelwe ikhono ntombazane electron zokukhanya diode likhipha ukuthi basebenzisane "izimbobo" kahle icala futhi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya okuyinto ukukhiqiza luminescence. Mancane elikhanyayo kuka izibani Fluorescent, kodwa ukukhanya ukulungiswa ububanzi kukhawulwe kuphela ukuklanywa ukufakwa yayo. Ngokusho kumpendulo yekhasimende, le LED nazo othambekele shutdowns kule aphansi umfutho ububanzi, futhi kungase futhi kuboniswe nezinhlobo ezahlukene dimmers. Nakuba esikhipha light isibani ngeke ukulotha ne voltage iyehla iyenyuka, LED ungavula ngisho off noma ukulotha ngokweqile.

Ukukhethwa kwesibani ofanele

Lapho uthenga umthengi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi kungenzeka izibani incandescent sifiphalisiwe kusuka zero kuya kwangu-100, futhi Fluorescent kanye LED asikwazi eziqhutshwa ngezansi 10-20% yenani ngokulinganisa of ukukhanya kwazo, ukuze abanikazi ngeke bakwazi ukufeza izinga labo induduzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibani Fluorescent kanye LED kudinga ezibizayo futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi LED dimmer. Nokho, esikhathini eside, zinikeza abalulekile energy imali.

Ukukhethwa kwe-Ukufiphala ofanele

dimmers Modern, isibonelo dimmer Legrand (libhekisela wonke ulayini sha), imisebenzi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene photocells, motion izinzwa kanye izikhathi. Lapho ukutshala imali lezi zinsimbi abantu khumbula ukuthi dimmers wesifunda eziphambili zenzelwe high-ukusebenza kahle amalambu. Nakuba amadivaysi zamanani aphansi kukhona eyanele ngokuba izibani incandescent futhi Halogen.

Efingqa wenza abasebenzisi eziningi Izibuyekezo dimmers, omunye singaphetha ngokuthi imiphumela enkulu mass ekusebenziseni kwazo ingalungiswa emakhaya, esikhanyayo bendabuko incandescent ama. Ngemva dimmer ikuvumela ukunciphisa amandla ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokushintsha ama ezishibhile ku Fluorescent ezibizayo noma LED. Uma indlu sesivele ehlanganiswa izinhlobo ezintsha izibani, umphumela main siqukethe okwandisa izindawo ukukhanyisa isilawuli anganikeza 'eziphambili "imodeli dimmer, isibonelo kude dimmer, okuvumela ukulawula ukukhanya kwezakhiwo ne remote control, ngaphandle evuka.