Daniel Kahneman futhi incwadi yakhe "Cabanga kancane ... ixazululwe ngokushesha"

manje Daniel Kahneman liyaziwa izincwadi zayo ezidumile. Imisebenzi yakhe zigcinwa sibonga ngokushesha isitayela eqondile zokubukwa kanye nokunemba kwemininingwane. ukuqonda Omkhulu ezahlukene indlela okudala umbhali, njengoba Daniel Kahneman. Incwadi "Cabanga kancane ... Yenza ingqondo yakho ngokushesha," namuhla adume. Kumele ufunde kuwo wonke umuntu!

umlandvomufi

Daniel Kahneman - abadumile sokusebenza kwengqondo nomlobi waseMelika wokuthengisa kahle eminingi. Yena behamba ngokuphindaphindiwe lisuswe kusuka kwelinye izwe. Kuyini Daniel emangalisayo Kahneman? Biography of lo muntu ebonisa kwasekuqaleni zobuntu bakhe obuvelele. Phakathi izithakazelo zakhe professional ivelele Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona kwengqondo. Isayensi zakamuva, wabona amathuba omkhulu ekukhuleni siqu kanye self-ngcono.

Daniel Kahneman wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe ucwaningo. Wathola iziqu ze-doctorate nefilosofi kanye psychology. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu usosayensi oluvelele Daniel Kahneman kuyinto. UMklomelo KaNobel kuqinisekisa kuphela izimo zawo.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ukucabanga

Ebhekisela incwadi ephawulwe ngenhla, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umqondo walo eyinhloko ezilandelayo: Kunezindlela ezimbili bezibona imicimbi. Ukuphila Komuntu yanjalo uhlala izindlela ezahlukene okuyinto ezilawula ukuziphatha yayo futhi abe elikhulu ezingeni ngokomzwelo. Uhlobo lokuqala ukucabanga libhekene sensitivity high futhi ngemilingo ngokuthi okusheshayo. Iveza isimo ngesikhathi esithile, ke icushiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokomzwelo wemvelo.

Lapho umuntu akanayo isikhathi sokuzindla, wayevame izenzo engacabanganga, sithembele kuphela begxila emizweni yabo. Uhlobo ukucabanga yesibili libhekene ukwazi okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ngokuthi kancane. Iveza isimo umuntu unqume ukwenza njalo ngamabomu ngaphandle ishesha. ukucabanga kancane umsebenzi ukusiza umuntu enze isinqumo esifanele. Ngalolu futhi ithi kuDaniyeli Kahneman. izincwadi zakhe zigcwele ngokuhlakanipha Amazing. La magama kumele wazi zonke bokusungula: "Ukwamukelwa izinqumo ukungaqiniseki", "Ukunakwa futhi umzamo", "Cabanga kancane ... Yenza ingqondo yakho ngokushesha."

Mechanism iziphetho ngokuphamazela

Ngamunye wethu nesimo lapho senza iziphetho ngaphambi kwesikhathi esekelwe ezinye umcimbi. Abanye abantu abaqondi ngempela ukuthi isimo, isiqala ukubonakala emhlabeni amacala. Mshini icushiwe Eqa eziphethweni ngokuxhamazela uma siqhathanisa nomunye nezimo ezifanayo ukudweba imizekeliso.

Akubona bonke aphumelele ukwenza kahle, ngoba ubuchopho iqala ukudlala nathi - ukubeka phambili ekhona imicabango, nekucabangela abuye ukwesaba nokukhathazeka. Noma ubani ngokuyinhloko ukhathalela yena kanye nenhlalakahle yakhe siqu. Nakuba kulesi sifundazwe, yena angenza izinto silly, futhi yini uthi encwadini kaDaniyeli Kahneman. "Ukunakwa futhi umzamo" - omunye umsebenzi wakhe emangalisayo. Le ncwadi eyaziwa okungenani. Ubeka izimiso eziyisisekelo ukunakwa njengoba inqubo yokufunda, kanye iziphetho ethathelwe ucwaningo kombhali.

umphumela ngibopha

Ngo Psychology, kukhona into enjalo ukuthi elinesimo nenkanuko edlulele ezenzakalweni zamanje. Sesibuyisene enamathiselwe imvelo yangaphandle futhi abantu abasondelene by. Uma siye eside ezungezwe kwezimo ezithile, ngisho lapho beshintsha kubo kube ngcono uyozizwa ubuhlungu uzwakalise, injabulo. Izizathu lezi nemizwa ebiyelwe imvelo yomuntu wangaphakathi - noma ubani ofuna ukuba bazizwe bavikelekile zonke izinhlobo zokuhlupheka. Abantu-emthethweni ungathandi akukho lezimanga bese uyazama kusengaphambili konke. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. They hlumba bazivikele esinye isenzo, abalahlekile ukuzethemba, ukukhathazeka igcwalisa umphefumulo. Ikakhulukazi abantu kalula futhi suggestible uhlushwa yokuthi kunzima ngempela ukuba sijwayele indawo entsha futhi unethezeke ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ukuba khona kwalesi umphumela noDaniyeli Kahneman uthi. "Cabanga kancane ... Nquma ngokushesha" - lena incwadi ngoba labo ababhekene nobunzima eside ekunqumeni abakuthola kunzima ukuzivumelanisa izenzakalo ezibuhlungu futhi ezingalindelekile. Umbhali uthi kumelwe ufunde ukunqoba umphumela ngibopha ngayo ukuthembela esiphezulu. Kungcono ukuthatha izinqumo ezivuthiwe nge ikhanda cool, cabanga ngemiphumela wenza isinyathelo kuka begijima njalo futhi akhononde ukwehluleka. Kuyadingeka ukuba ahlaziye ngokucophelela imicimbi kanye balahle nezinamathiselo ezingadingekile.

"Ingqondo engemuva" kanye zokupheka for impumelelo

Ngisho naphezu kobunzima ukuthi ukuphila presents, umuntu kumelwe bakwazi nezimo ezintsha. Kungenjalo-ke uyohlale bahlala lokho okwehlela bese ebhubhisa esimweni saso sangaphakathi ukuhlupheka. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingqondo yethu ihlala uzama ukubala isimo ngaphambili, ukulindela izingozi ezingaba khona kanye nezinzuzo. Uma lutho ezikhangayo is ayitholiwe ke umuntu uthi ushintsho bona ezingenanzuzo. Daniel Kahneman Encwadini yakhe ethi "Cabanga kancane ... Yenza ingqondo yakho ngokushesha," ligcizelela Umqondo wokuba nenkululeko kwangaphakathi. On la makhasi okumangalisayo, umlobi uchaza indlela ukuze sigweme ethunjiwe ngu esimweni esingajabulisi, yini okufanele siyenze ukuze kancane kancane ukushintsha indlela yokucabanga. Uma ungenalo ukusebenza ingqondo yakho, ungakwazi ogibeni wengqondo sidukisa kakhulu, okuthi kuzo kuyoba nzima kakhulu.

I iresiphi for impumelelo, ngokuvumelana Daniel Kahneman, ulula: kufanele baphile ngokuvumelana nomunye, enze izinqumo ngokucophelela. Uphiko ngokomzwelo ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube buhlungu kakhulu, ngakho imizwa akufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba kubhekelwe. Kumelwe wenze kuphela ikhanda cool, singavumi ukunqotshwa ukwesaba yabo futhi nezimo ezicindezelayo.

Indlela yokubhekana amaphutha

Akekho kithi ogonyiwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo amacala. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi ngaso kokuhluleka kokuqala sokusola abanye isimo. Lena sebekubeke ukuziphatha okubi. Ukucinga icala awusho wakho wemfanelo, kangifanele usizo ukuphuma esibucayi. Ngokusho umbhali, amaphutha kufanele aphathwe kuphela njengoba sifunde izifundo ezibalulekile. Ungagxili emaphuzwini ayinkimbinkimbi kubo isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke abe khona amandla ukuze siqhubekele phambili.

Amaphutha kufanele kube kwigayidi yakho ongaphakathi, hhayi yisihlamba njalo, kusukela lapho ayikho indlela yokubalekela. Noma yimuphi amahlumela ubonise ngendlela efanele, nawe nje kudingeka bakwazi ukuqaphela kahle. Uma ungazizwa amandla adingekayo ukwenza umehluko, iqala nge-ngempumelelo yokuzithethelela. Bona ukuthi wenza iphutha, kodwa zinike ilungelo nokuvuselelwa, ithuba lesibili. Khona-ke kuyoba lula ukuthethelela abanye abantu abathintekayo kulesi simo.

halo umphumela

Kangaki ukwenza thina ekuphileni kwansuku zonke endow ezizungezile lezo zimfanelo futhi izimfanelo uhlamvu ukuthi esingenayo. Lokhu kuziphatha eziyizici ngamunye. Ebuhlotsheni enganakile, silwela ngezikaNkulunkulu nezisusa ezahlukene nokuziphatha, eyinqaba kithi. Halo umphumela ebonisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi abantu lula kakhulu ukuba banqobe ukwehlukana nezinzuzo zazo siqu kuka ukuyeka abanye, ikakhulukazi uma ithu Thixo, othisha noma abangane. ubudlelwano Umkhaya zakhelwe okulindele amaningi kakhulu. Uma bazikhohlwe kalungisiswa, sibhekene nezinto ezibangela ukudumala okukhulu futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokwazo.

Umbhali le ncwadi kubonisa ukuthi kuyingozi uthuthumele enjalo kungaba ngoba isimo sengqondo. Ukuthula kwengqondo njalo elahlekile, futhi esikhundleni umphefumulo wakhe zapolonyayut kuphela nokwesaba kanye nokungazethembi. Akukho isidingo idealize abantu noma izimo, ukukholelwa bona, kungenzeka ukushintsha isimo.

Revaluation imicimbi

Idingeka lapho ukuphila kwethu kuhlanganisa kwezimo ezithile ukuthi asikwazi ukushintsha. Lesosikhathi lendoda iqala ukusebenzisa ukuziphatha okuvikela ukuze bazivikele nezinye nakho. Nge kuhlolwe okunengqondo izenzakalo umuntu ngayo ezintweni bezibona sakhe zezwe futhi ukulinganisela kwangaphakathi. Into esemqoka nalokhu - ukuzama ukuthola injongo konke okwenzekayo, bese-ke kuyoba lula ukuphila. Isinyathelo esiwujuqu, izibalo kwesikhashana futhi singanqotshwa kuphakama imizwa besikhashana - yilokho okufundiswa abafundi Daniel Kahneman.

"Cabanga kancane ... Nquma ngokushesha": Izibuyekezo

Le ncwadi isize abantu abaningi ukushintsha isimo sengqondo ekuphileni, ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima. Kubonisa ukuthi sakha izinkinga zethu ezengeziwe siqu, okuyinto besingagwemeka. Izibuyekezo yencwadi omuhle kuphela. Umbhali ugcizelela umbono ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unomthwalo izinqumo, ngisho noma ungenawo ungaqondi. Gwema izinguquko ezingenangqondo, kodwa ungakwazi uzithatha sihlomile, ngokucophelela ulungiselela izimo ezintsha.

Ngakho, uDaniyeli Kahneman encwadini yakhe inikeza abafundi ithuba sihlaziye izenzakalo zamanje, iziphetho ezifanele. Kuyadingeka ukuba sicabange ngezimo lapho sizithola, kodwa ukuze ufunde ukuthi kujule kubo kanzima ngakho singalahlekelwa khona kwakhe kwengqondo.