Chingiz Aitmatov: Biography, lokusungula, umndeni

Chingiz Torekulovich Aytmatov - umbhali, dala ibhuku lakho izilimi ezimbili: Russian futhi Kyrgyz. Kodwa imisebenzi abafundi bayo emhlabeni wonke, njengoba zibizwa zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kwekhulu.

Lokhu umbhali wehlela emlandweni kwezincwadi Russian engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu edlule, lapho omunye wemisebenzi anokuqonda kakhulu izincwadi Soviet yanyatheliswa - indaba "Jamila". It kamuva yahunyushelwa nezinye izilimi. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngenkathi abanamakhono abalobi Soviet yaphela Juni 10, 2008, lapho okuphila engasekho Chingiz Aitmatov. Biography umbhali brilliant - isihloko lesi sihloko.

Indodana iKhomanisi becindezela

Wazalwa ngo-1928 e Kyrgyzstan, endaweni tasemakhaya letikhashane. abazali Aitmatov sika kwakungekaNkulunkulu isizukulwane sokuqala amaKhomanisi, okuyinto uye phansi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu ku namathathu banesifo esibi ngasekupheleni. Yokubopha iye kokululama noyise umbhali. Kamuva, ngo-inoveli yakhe yokuqala, lizobonisa yalezi zigigaba Chingiz Aitmatov.

Biography of lo muntu emangalisayo. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ngisho Aitmatov awukholelwa ukuthi ukuba musha ka nane, wayengase enze imisebenzi kaNobhala ailsoveta nokuxazulula imibuzo mayelana ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila yasemakhaya. Ekuqaleni kwempi, umbhali esizayo ephethwe ukuqedela amakilasi eziyisikhombisa kuphela. Kodwa bonke amadoda aya phambili. Emaphandleni babe abesifazane nezingane kwakudingeka akhule maduzane.

isigaxa Kyrgyz

Inqubomgomo yamasiko nenkathi yamaSoviet apharathasi elawula wanikezwa isiqondiso nokusekela nokuthuthukiswa Ukufundwa kwezincwadi kazwelonke. Kuyamangaza ukuthi leli hlelo uyakwazi ukubona abalobi abanamakhono abamagama abo lwaziwe ababengaphandle kwalelo zwe elikhulu. Enye yalezi amagama - Chingiz Aitmatov. Biography ngendoda wazalelwa emzaneni Kyrgyz futhi wayeyindodana siboshwa 1938 iKhomanisi ayikwazanga mawujabule. Nge uthola isiphetho esinjena akunzima kuphela ukuba umbhali omkhulu, kodwa futhi bathole imfundo eyisisekelo. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sikhuluma okwamanje amagugu kazwelonke. Abantu abanjalo zizalwa kanye eyikhulu.

izingqikithi jikelele

Kuthiwa akuyona kuphela umbhali kazwelonke Chingiz Aitmatov. Umlando wakhe - ke wenanela yezehlakalo eziwusizi zomlando Soviet. Futhi ngenxa incwadi kuye, enikelwe izindikimba jikelele. Ziyakwazi eduze hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi Kyrgyzstan, hhayi labo abahlala endaweni elaliyiSoviet Union kuphela. Imisebenzi lo mbhali bayakwazi ukungena umphefumulo wabo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe babo.

umbhali Kyrgyz futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Russian

Ukudala ka Chingiz Aitmatov Akumangalisi emaceleni ngemisebenzi enjalo abalobi Russian njengoba Valentin Rasputin futhi Viktor Astafjevs. Incwadi lezi abalobi baphawula izici ezilandelayo ezivame: ukugcwaliswa, tifanisongco, ukungabi okuphelele nethemba sezenhlalo. Futhi kubonakala kuyisimanga ukuthi indaba kunalokho engenathemba "White Umkhumbi" kwahlanganiswa lwezifundo zesikole isivele ngeminyaka yoma.

Uyise umbhali, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, kwaba abavelele Kyrgyz party isisebenzi, becindezela ngo-1938. A isimanga ikakhulukazi ngoba kubonakala impilo wahlala Chingiz Aitmatov. Biography kanye umsebenzi lo muntu kwamiswa ezikhathini ezinzima, kodwa naphezu kwalokho, kakade 1952 waqala ukusakaza imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala kuleli zwe.

"Jamila"

Ngemva Institute Agricultural, wasebenza iminyaka emithathu njengoba main imfuyo Uchwepheshe ngesikhathi Research Institute Animal ukunakekela. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakunabazalwane abangu ayanda izifundo izincwadi e-Institute. Gorky. Futhi ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu zabo wakwazi ukushicilela umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala odumile Chingiz Aitmatov. Izithombe protagonist movie, wathwebula phezu inoveli by Kyrgyz umbhali, kungabonwa kulesi sihloko. Kuyinto mayelana nomkhiqizo "Jamila". Le indaba yadalwa ezindongeni ehostela Abakwazi Abakwenzayo Boulevard. It osungugqamezweni emphilweni Chingiz Aitmatov, njengoba kubonisiwe udumo nje kuphela ekhaya kodwa futhi phesheya. Le ncwadi zihunyushelwe kuzo zonke izilimi aseYurophu, futhi emashalofini ezitolo ezidayisa Paris, wafika sibonga umsebenzi Lui Aragona.

"Jamila" - indaba intombazane Uma unganakile, ihlangana ngokuvumelanayo ne imibono yamaSoviet. Aitmatov Heroine iphula nge esidlule ngokhokho ukuqala impilo entsha elikhanyayo. Nokho, le ncwadi iyindaba Uphatheke kabi kakhulu futhi uthando. Kungashiwo okufanayo nangomsebenzi "Poplar Ami isikhafu ebomvu."

Yaba indaba ngembaba "UMfundisi Okokuqala", lapho ezethusayo ubudlova wezinzalamizi ukuboniswa Chingiz Aitmatov. Izithombe ezisuka isethi movie efanayo Andrei Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky lapha ngenzansi. Qamba Kyrgyz umbhali waduma ezweni lonke, lapho wayengakabi amane.

"Field Lomama"

Ngo-1963 wanyathelisa enye indaba okusuka enhliziyweni isiphetho unina owayeshonelwe namadodana abo. Umlobi Chingiz Aitmatov wayezazi ukuphila kanzima abesifazane phakathi nempi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wayazi ubunzima bokuphila yasemakhaya mathupha. Kodwa lapho ufunda indaba "Field Lomama" namanje kubonakala akumangalisi ukuthi uye wadala umuntu. Nge nokwethenjelwa ezehlukile nentukuthelo yena lidlulisela imicabango owesifazane ondodana amadodana engabuyi ngaphambili. Kulesi umsebenzi, akukho bokubanga yokushisekela izwe. Akukona insindiso enkulu, kodwa usizi ndoda omncane - owesifazane othola amandla kuphela othandweni lwakhe. Ngisho nalapho befa umyeni namadodana amathathu, kusenhliziyweni yakhe ukufudumala nesisa ukuba ingane yomunye umuntu.

temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Iningi

Yini aziwayo kakade ngendoda okuthiwa Chingiz Aitmatov? Biography, umndeni, ukuphila komuntu oyedwa atehlukaniseki emsebenzini wakhe etemibhalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbhali ingcebo odumo emhlabeni ayizange itholakale. Ngemva kokufa indlu wasala, lapho into eyigugu kakhulu - umsebenzi etemibhalo umklomelo Aitmatov. Zonke umbhali Amaholo atshalwe nemfundo yezingane zabo. Umlobi Chingiz Aitmatov, ogama biography ngokuqinisekile kubonakala ezincwadini zakhe, kukhona sengqondo ukukhathazeka kakhulu izindinganiso zemikhaya. Futhi lo mbuzo kunzima ngemva kokufunda imisebenzi lokho kwamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke.

Waya temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba omkhulu lide kakhulu. Le noveli ezinkulu ngempela kuqala kwakungumprofethi umkhiqizo "Usuku Lihlala Kungaphezu Eminyakeni Eyikhulu". Le ncwadi ngokusuka enhliziyweni yanyatheliswa ngo-1980. Kumayelana uthando nokuhlupheka, injabulo nobuhlungu. Esikhathini inoveli, umlobi usezuze buciko kweqiniso. Ngemva kokubhalela le ncwadi Aitmatov baba ngokufanele ngokuthi nefilosofi yesimanje. Okwenzeka izinhlamvu zakhe umbhali kule noveli "Usuku Lihlala Kungaphezu Eminyakeni Eyikhulu" ephumelele nge ubuqiniso okunjalo futhi ubuhlungu ngobuqotho, kubonakala, wayelazi uzizwa umuntu uhlushwa kombuso wobushiqela futhi lukhetha ukufa ukuze breaking up nomkakhe nezingane.

temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba olusankondlo

Ngesikhathi band ukhiphe noveli yokuqala, ngemuva Aitmatov isivele ishicilelwe imisebenzi efana "White Umkhumbi", "Inja ikhombe Running ngesikhathi Edge Yasolwandle" nokunye. D. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule umbhali sebenzisa be njengelinye lamazwe abameleli okwangempela sezenhlalo, encwadini yakhe ethi, kukhona izinkondlo okungavamile. Baye bakha ngokucophelela umbhalo futhi olungenayo imisebenzi imfundiso yokuthi wadala Chingiz Aitmatov.

Biography, sifinyeto okuyinto ebekwe sihloko ihlanganisa umcimbi main kuphela. Kungase kubonakale sengathi umsebenzi komlobi kwakulula kakhulu. Nokho, kuyinto edukisayo, ngoba ngamunye imisebenzi yabo Aitmatov kwaba umgwaqo buhlungu isikhathi eside.

ethengwa kakhulu Soviet

Umsebenzi esiphawuleka kunazo zonke Aitmatov phathelana eshicilelwe ngo-1986 "izikafula." Kulesi inoveli, umlobi akhuluma ngokokuqala ukuthi kuqala kwakungumprofethi kuncike ivaliwe: ngokholo, mkhuba futhi ubudlova, okuyinto isidlulile kakade ukubamangaza abantu. Ngemva kwale ncwadi cishe phakathi kwababusi wonkulunkulu etemibhalo isananyathiselwe Chingiz Torekulovich Aytmatov.

Umlando Omfushane umbhali lihlanganisa nokuphumelela ngokushesha yencwadi, okuyiwona izitolo babe kokungenzi lutho emigqeni isikhathi eside. "Vimbela ukugawulwa" Sekudlule isuka kwesinye isandla iye. Ukukhuluma ngakho abayenzayo. incwadi Aitmatov waba ethengwa kakhulu.

Akekho umsebenzi okwalandela lokhu umlobi wayengacabangi impumelelo efanayo. Futhi akusiwona ukuthi bangabafokazi sibi, futhi ushintsho oluphawulekayo eziye zenzeka emphakathini. abafundi Okokuqala 'Plachý "babe abamele okuqinisekile aphumayo okuyiwona Izincwadi kwakufanele anencazelo ekhethekile. imisebenzi Okwalandela ungazange bajabulela impumelelo eziningi ezinjalo. Futhi esikhundleni izingxoxo mayelana indlala engokomoya we umphakathi wanamuhla, okuyinto wazithatha kokuchezukisa sici ukuzijabulisa.

Ngu kwezikhathi zokulotshwa zaseSoviet umsebenzi Aitmatova zihlanganisa imisebenzi efana "Brand Cassandra", "White Cloud Chingiz Hana", "e Childhood Kirghizia" "Lapho entabeni falling."

Ngo-2006, kanye umbhali abanazo yaba isisekelo yesihle, ogama imisebenzi bagxile ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusabalalisa isiRashiya e yangaphambili amazwe eSoviet Union.

ukuphila Siqu

Umkakhe wokuqala, umbhali ngiseyintombazanyana, kamuva owaba esasiwafanele udokotela Kyrgyzstan. Igama lakhe kwakungu Kerez Shamshibaeva. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, owesifazane washiyela namadodana akhe, ukuhlonipha uyise futhi imhloniphe. Izingane wagcina isithembiso esanikezwa unina. Aitmatov Nokho, ngokuvumelana nabangane kanye nabathandekayo kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe lokusola yena ukuthi washiya Kerez. Umlobi wamyeka ekwenzela omunye wesifazane lapho uJesu ayekhona, zenith odumo. Unkosikazi wesibili yomlobi - Maria Urmatova, nabo Aitmatov waba indodakazi nendodana.

inoveli elingaziwa

Ngemva kokufa umndeni komlobi wathola imiBhalo yakhe ngisebenza ehhovisi, ngaphambili angazanga. Le noveli lunikezelwe izenzakalo kokwakhiwa Chu Canal. The main umlingiswa - omunye abakhi. indodakazi Aitmatov sika wasikisela ukuba ashicilele lo msebenzi umbhali akazange alinge, ngoba kwaba abakhululiwe kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo. Kodwa izihlobo bethemba ukuthi ngokushesha sizokwazi ukushicilela futhi ukuhumushela kwezinye izilimi.

Aitmatov kanye cinema

Bethonywe umsebenzi omlobi izincwadi yasekhaya uyazi kahle. Yaba isihloko cwaningo futhi isihloko izihloko eziningi. Kodwa eqinile ngokulinganayo usithonye kwi cinema. On imisebenzi Aitmatov sengathi yathathwa eziningi amabhayisikobho. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo:

• "Pass".
• "OwokuQala Mfundisi".
• "Jamila".
• "Field Lomama".
• "White Umkhumbi".
• "Buran ayeke".
• "Farewell, Gulsary!".

Ngo-2008, kusukela isethi, lapho umsebenzi wenziwa ifilimu ku esekelwe inoveli "Usuku Lihlala Kungaphezu Eminyakeni Eyikhulu", umbhali waze walaliswa esibhedlela. Ngo Aitmatov pneumonia oyingozi etholakele. Kamuva wathunyelwa omunye umtholampilo eNuremberg. Chingiz Aitmatov wafa eJalimane, wembelwa eduze enhlokodolobha Kyrgyz, in the eziyinkimbinkimbi zomlando-ayisikhumbuzo "Ata-Beyit".

umsebenzi Aitmatov laphawulwa imiklomelo eminingi, kodwa impumelelo wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela uthando abafundi. Emngcwabeni a izincwadi ezilotshwe ababhali baseRussia kanye Kyrgyz wabutha abantu abaningi ukuze isixuku yacishe yaphenduka usizi. Ngo-May 2008, umlobi babehlele ukubeka phambili uMklomelo KaNobel. It ngeshwa akazange abe nesikhathi ukuze uthole Aitmatov.