Chastotnik motor ngezandla zakho: isikimu, imfundo kanye uxhumano

Lesi sihloko sizosisiza zicatshangelwe motor chastotnik, ukusebenza yayo isimiso futhi izingxenye eziyinhloko. I kuzogxilwa imfundiso yokuthi uqonda isimiso imvamisa Converter , futhi ayikwazanga esikhathini esizayo ukuze afeze umsebenzi wokuklama yokukhiqiza yezandla zabo. Kodwa-ke kudingeka uqale inkambo encane ezethula lapho uzofunda mayelana yini chastotnik futhi ngayiphi injongo idingeka.

Imisebenzi imvamisa Converter

share sengonyama esithathwayo zezimboni indlela izinjini. Futhi baye njalo kunzima ukuphatha, njengoba abe njalo isivinini Rotor, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukushintsha voltage okokufaka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho engenakwenzeka. Kodwa chastotnik eshintsha ngokuphelele isithombe. Futhi uma ngaphambili ukushintsha ijubane ukunyakaza elihambayo, isibonelo, basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene amagiya, manje zisebenzisa idivayisi olulodwa electronic kwanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, chastotniki kungenzeka ukuthola nje ikhono ukushintsha idrayivu imingcele, kodwa futhi degrees ambalwa esingeziwe sokuvikeleka. Isidingo temusho kagesi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi musa ngisho kudingeka ube kunethiwekhi ezintathu okhombisa ukuqinisekisa operation evamile motor lokungeniswa. Konke lokhu imisebenzi ehambisana ukushintsha futhi ukushintsha actuator, ukuya inverter. It ivumela ekushintsheni isigaba eMhlanganweni ekhishwa, imvamisa wamanje (futhi ngalesosizathu izinguquko isivinini Rotor), ukuze afeze ukulungiswa isiqalo nokuhlale unyathela amabhuleki, futhi kungaba asebenzise nezinye imisebenzi. Zonke incike microcontroller abaqashwe wesifunda control.

Umgomo we operation

Yenza chastotnik motor ngezandla zakho, ogama sikimu kuboniswe esihlokweni, ilula ngokwanele. Uvumela zokuguqula isigaba esisodwa ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke lokungeniswa motor. Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kahle alula nangomfutho. Phela, uyazi ukuthi kukhona nokwehlisa lezi nemingcele sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili lapho injini esitshalweni e inethiwekhi olulodwa-isigaba. Futhi into kugucuka eziningana bezofika okokufaka voltage zedivayisi.

Isikimu sokuqala iyunithi rectifier. Okuningi kuzoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi. Ngemva voltage kuyalungiswa elicwengekileyo. Futhi ingena ihlanzekile amandla DC okokufaka inverter. Ishintsha DC ukuze AC nge inombolo oyifunayo izigaba. Lokhu omunye okufanele abekeke kubangela izinguquko. Siqukethe Semiconductor, okuyinto ixhunywe wesifunda ukulawula phezu microcontroller. Kodwa manje zonke lezi zindawo ngokuningiliziwe.

rectifier iyunithi

Kungaba ezimbili zama - olulodwa futhi isigaba ezintathu. Uhlobo lokuqala Converter ingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi. Uma une ezintathu okhombisa, kwanele ukukhiqiza uxhumano komunye. chastotnika wesifunda motor akuyona ngaphandle ekulungiseni iyunithi. Njengoba kukhona umehluko isibalo izigaba, khona-ke kufanele asebenzise inombolo ethile Semiconductor diodes. Uma kuziwa imvamisa converters, okuyinto ezidla kusuka esigabeni esisodwa, kudinga diodes rectifier emine. Ahlanganisiwe wesifunda ibhuloho.

Kuvumela ukunciphisa umehluko phakathi ukubaluleka voltage ngesikhathi input bese okukhiphayo. Yiqiniso, kungenzeka ukuba usebenzise wesifunda isigamu-wave, kodwa ayizwakali, kukhona inani elikhulu oscillations. Kodwa uma sikhuluma uxhumano ezintathu okhombisa, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iqhinga lokuphamba Semiconductors eziyisithupha. Uqinisile esibonelweni esifanayo yezimoto alternator rectifier, azikho umehluko. Into kuphela ongayenza ukungezwa lapha, ngakho lokho ezintathu diode owengeziwe ukuze azivikele voltage reverse.

izakhi isihlungi

Ngemva rectifier kuyinto lemifanekiso. Inhloso Its main - konke okuyingxenye asikiwe we kuyalungiswa variable zamanje. Ukuze isithombe esicacile ngesidingo ukwenza iphethini esikhundleni. Ngakho, plus sidlula kwekhoyili. Khona-ke phakathi plus futhi lokususa kuhlanganisiwe capacitor electrolytic. Lapha kungcono isithakazelo kule scheme esikhundleni. Nxa ikhoyili esikhundleni reactance, le capacitor ebukhoneni zamanje ezahlukene kungaba umqhubi noma ukudabuka.

Njengoba ngishilo, ku rectifier phezu DC okukhiphayo. Futhi lapho elisebenzisa capacitor electrolytic, akwenzeki lutho, kusukela wesibili uqhekeko chain. Kodwa lapha kukhona ingukungena elincane wamanje. Uma zamanje kushintshana ageleza, yesifunda okulingana capacitor iba umqhubi. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona wesifunda yokuhlanganisa lokususa. Le miphumela wenza yimithetho Kirchhoff ukuthi kukhona eyisisekelo kwezobunjiniyela kagesi.

I transistors amandla inverter

Futhi manje safinyelela ebaluleke kakhulu-node - esiteji transistors. inverter dc ukuze ac - benza inverter. Uma injini senziwa chastotnik izandla zami siqu, kutuswa ukusebenzisa inhlangano IGBT-transistors, ungathola them ngaphakathi phi izingxenye esitolo umsakazo. Futhi izindleko zonke izingxenye womshini chastotnika angenqaba ngokuphindwe kayishumi intengo umkhiqizo osuphelile, ngisho e-China.

Ukuze isigaba ngasinye isebenzisa transistors ezimbili. Basuke exhunywe phakathi plus futhi lokususa, njengoba kuboniswe kulo mdwebo esihlokweni. Kodwa kukhona sici ngayinye Transistor - esibulalayo control. Kuye iyiphi isiginali lisetshenziswa ke, izakhiwo ushintsho Semiconductor isici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza njengoba usebenzisa shift inhlukano (isib microswitches ezimbalwa ezidingekayo ukuze sisebenzise imishini elawulwa voltage) kanye othomathikhi. Yilokho mayelana zokugcina futhi Kuzoxoxwa.

Isifunda ukulawula

Futhi uma ukuxhuma inverter enjinini ilula, badinga kuphela ukuxhuma iziphetho ezifanele, konke kunzima kakhulu kangakanani naleli cebo control. Into wukuthi kukhona isidingo idivayisi izinhlelo, ukufeza okungcono ukulungiswa okungenzeka kuye. Emongweni kuyinto microcontroller kuso uxhuma abafundi kanye actuators. Ngakho, kumele ube -transformer zamanje, okuzokwenza njalo ukuqapha amandla sokudliwa idrayivu kagesi. Futhi uma ngokweqile kumele kwenzeke chastotnika off.

Ixhuma circuit ukulawula

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukuze bazivikele okweqile. On ekhishwa microcontroller usebenzisa idivaysi ofanayo (inhlangano Darlington) uxhuma ukulawula esibulalayo IGBT-transistors. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe zibukeke uhlole izilungiselelo, ngakho udinga ukufaka kule scheme of LED-isibonisi. Ngokufunda amadivayisi ukuze ungeze izinkinobho ukuthi uvumele ushintshe phakathi imodi izinhlelo kanye ukumelana variable kuyahlukahluka Ukujikeleza yayo ingamaphesenti Rotor we motor.

isiphetho

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ungenza wena chastotnik ngokuba motor kagesi, intengo umkhiqizo osuphelile iqala kusukela ruble 5000. Futhi ngenxa motors kagesi, okuyinto amandla ingeqi 0.75 kW. Uma ufuna ukulisebenzisa ukulawula drive enamandla, idinga chastotnik ezibizayo. Endlini zisebenzisa izikimu ngokwanele sichaziwe ngezansi. Isizathu - asikho isidingo inani elikhulu imisebenzi kanye nezilungiselelo, into ebaluleke kakhulu - ke ukuthi kungenzeka ekushintsheni isivinini Rotor.