Castle Palanok, Mukachevo: umlando, legend. Ukraine ezikhangayo

izinqaba Medieval - lokhu kuyingxenye indaba, okuyinto njalo edonsela nhla ukwazi lezihambi. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kungenxa halo romance nodumo amakhodi ababe ezicukuthwaneni esingokwemvelo Ephakathi. Shono kuze kube manje ngokuhamba inkulumo ethi "knight kweqiniso," lisetshenziswa lapho ukhuluma ngani indoda abamthanda ngempela.

Namuhla, kuthiwani ngalezo zikhathi nezenzo zabantu ukwenza umlando, nje ukhumbuza wakha izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibabazekayo emazweni ahlukahlukene. Castle Palanok (Mukachevo) - omunye wabo.

eTranscarpathia

Ukuze ezintabeni ZaseCarpathos amakhulu eminyaka kwakhiwa abantu ahlukile ngakho futhi original ukuthi isibindi sakhe, ukushisekela ubuzwe nokuzinikela ukholo lwabo baba edume.

Umlando aseTranscarpathia phakade elihlobene ne lwamaSlav, abafika lapha futhi waqala sokuthuthukiswa komhlaba njengoba ekuseni njengoba izinkulungwane 1. N. e. Njengoba abavubukuli, base abomdabu of naseVolyn futhi Prykarpattya. uxhumano ezingokomoya Ufuzo, ayihlwanyela phakathi nesikhathi kumiswa Kievan Rus futhi lasungulwa njengoba isimo elikhulu, wakwazi ukubamba isizwe nokwenziwa eTranscarpathia abanamasiko wakhe alien, ngaphansi kwethonya okuyinto sekunesikhathi eside.

3 kuphela eminyaka - kusukela 9 kuya ku-11. - ke libuswa izikhulu Slavic wabusa-Orthodox, kodwa 11 no-13 leminyaka, la mazwe baba ingxenye yombuso Omkhulu Hungarian. Esikhathini esizayo, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-20, i-Uzhgorod kwaba noshintsho oluncane nje ohlelweni feuds eziningi futhi kwathatha komunye lwamakhosi kwenye. Kusukela Hungarian kuya Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, ke-Turks and abakwaHabsburg, kulandela Sebawoti babe-Austria-Hungary neCzechoslovakia, kuphela emva kwempi yezwe yesibili, lezi zindawo zabuye basonta Ukraine, kusuka lapho yahlukana 10 eminyaka.

Namuhla le nqaba lasendulo Palanok (Mukachevo) izivakashi zivela emhlabeni wonke ukuthola umlando ukwethembeka esizweni esisodwa ezimpandeni zayo, isiko kanye nekukholwa.

Mukachevo

Usuku olunembile edolobheni ayaziwa, kodwa ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama ebhaliwe yokuqala butholakala encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla ngonyaka 896. Indawo Mukachevo kwaphumelela kangangokuthi lwamaSlav ngubani wasungula idolobha, zazingezona ezokuqala oye kuqondwe futhi kusetshenziswe.

Settlement esizeni edolobheni samanje kwamiswa iminyaka 40,000 edlule ngenkathi Paleolithic. Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, nezizwe ezithile zama-wanyamalala, yokupaka yabo eningi embozwe umhlaba, kodwa endaweni efanayo, lokhu okulandelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapha ungathola ubufakazi zokuphila kwabantu ngasekupheleni Paleolithic (iminyaka 3,000 edlule), Bronze Age (2000 BC. E.).

Njengoba ezihlukahlukene namasiko lapha. Entabeni Tupchiev wathola inqaba kwakunenqaba yabaseThrace (wekhulu 10 BC ..), Futhi eseduze - Celtic Oppidum, futhi abavubukuli ziye zakwazi ngisho umkhondo, lapho izizwe Celtic evicted carp obubusa udumo futhi yaqanjwa entabeni.

Kungakhathaliseki saphumelela nezinye ngamunye izizwe BC, kodwa ukuthi eTranscarpathia athuthukile futhi lakhula kanye izizwe Slavic, okwathi eminyakeni 700 nenkulungwane yokuqala yeminyaka elakha isizwe esikhulu Rusich, esibuswa Prince Kiev ezaziwayo. Lokhu okuthunyelwe, ngasendleleni, kwaba ukhetho, futhi abantu njengoba Prince ukubeka embusweni, ngakho ayengakwazi khona ukususa kuye.

I izinqaba lokuqala lokhuni uvele lapha egqumeni Inqaba e 1086. Leli tshe Mukachevo castle uvele kuphela ekhulwini le-14. ukwakhiwa aso eqala ngomyalo wabaholi Charles Robert - wohlanga olukhulu Hungarian obubusa ifa oko inqaba.

Namuhla, Mukachevo (Ukraine, esifundeni yaseTranscarpathia) - isikhungo wesifunda, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-amahlanu eHungary, futhi neSlovakia km 100 kusukela emngceleni nge Romania nePoland.

Umlando ka enqabeni

Njengenjwayelo, usuku oluqondile ukwakhiwa enqabeni lapho, kodwa amarekhodi wathi ukuthi 1086, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukushaya off the kuhlasela, kodwa akushintshanga kuphela amabutho elinganqobeki Polovtsian Khan Kuteska lenqaba. Esikhathini sisekelo 1321 ukhuluma ukuthi Usigaxamabhande le nqaba khona egameni Tomas.

Idatha elandelayo for 1352 ingasaphathwa eyezinye Usigaxamabhande - Dej, owabahlula ibutho Khan Atlamosha. Kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka 13 futhi 14, le nqaba ingeyamakhosi ke ngohlu lozalo lwasebukhosini Arpadovichey Ugric futhi Anjou, kodwa usadlondlobele wangempela inqaba nokuqalwa kabusha e inqaba enhle ngokuphawulekayo futhi ungenakunqotshwa iqala kusuka ngesikhathi uma buvela umninikhaya wokuqala.

Mukachevo castle waya amasevisi Fedor Koryatovicha - ongowokudabuka umndeni lasendulo kwesikhulu ka-Lithuanian Gediminas. Lapho elahlekelwa yizinto zakhe phakathi nempi, futhi 1 Sigismund e 1396 wamnika inqaba esikhathini ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba ukuphila.

Nakuba isakhiwo udonga isikwele nge tower ne umsele phambi kwabo. Fedor Koryatovych eyakhelwe phezu inqaba entabeni, elaba yokuhlala yomkhaya wayo. On zombili izindonga ubudala, bona bangeniswa wakha nemibhoshongo ezinamandla ukuze 9 m ububanzi nge odongeni ukushuba 2.5 amamitha.

Ngo 1401 enqabeni ziboshwe emhosheni ezijulile ezomile, phezu okuyinto zazilengela imitha eziyishumi-odongeni ukuzivikela. Ngaphakathi kahle castle u amba izakhamuzi zakhona iphuze yikuphi ukuvinjezelwa, futhi uhlushwa ukoma. Castle Palanok (Mukachevo), kahle walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu. Ngeke kuthinte ushintsho kusuka omunye umkhaya wasebukhosini kwenye, futhi ngowokuqala noma nempi yezwe yesibili. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet kwakubikwa ekolishi yezolimo, ukuze amahholo zayo futhi izindonga zazaziwa sesimweni esihle, futhi ngo-1960 wavula emnyuziyamu.

fedor Koryatovych

Lesi sibalo nezingxenye ezivelele kwezombangazwe isikhathi sakhe futhi bevela emkhayeni ngamunye wama ubudala yizicukuthwane possessed intelligence emangalisayo futhi uhlamvu oqinile, kodwa ezinye izazi-mlando eziye ukubeka khona zobuntu bakhe is ngemibuzo njengoba okwangempela kokuqinisekisa ngokungena kwakhe baye kuze kube yimanje.

amakhophi eziningana imibhalo walondoloza abonisa ukuthi le nqaba Palanok (Mukachevo) empeleni wayiswa ukuphila ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba Fedor Koryatovicha kanye lo muzi nasemazweni angomakhelwane kuze kube Justa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa kwaba ngesandla sakhe ukukhanya phezu Castle Hill uvele ukwakhiwa ezinkulu, okuyiwona izinkulungwane zabantu manje ukuza eTranscarpathia.

Ngaphezu le nqaba futhi Fyodor Koryatovych wakha umtapo wakha Isigodlo, lapho wangcwatshwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Siyabonga kuye emzini Mukachevo muzi waba isikhungo kwamasiko nenkolo ka esifundeni. Namuhla wohlanga olukhulu ethuneni ukuthola, kodwa ukuthi ngekhulu le-19, nalapho futhi, esikhundleni wesonto ngokhuni netshe, itshe lethuna lakhe kwaba njengoba yayinjalo ezaziwayo. Lapho uya kamuva yokulibiza ayaziwa.

Manje ngakho okusikhumbuza lesikhumbuzo egcekeni enqabeni, okuyinto vele ine legend lalo.

Incazelo ka enqabeni

Ngesikhathi Fedor Koryatovych labetibambile eTranscarpathia, Mukachevo Castle (ikheli :. Per Kurucz, 5) wathola ifomu ukuthi manje ukubona.

Izicukuthwane zazakhiwa:

• Ilokhi engenhla;
• Amalokhi maphakathi kanye phansi;
• udonga ukuzivikela kanye umsele.

Eyokwakha French wafika uchwepheshe wakhe ungqongqoshe ex-ukuzivikela kanye itoho ku izinqaba Sebastien de Vauban, wasungula uhlelo ukuzivikela enqabeni, kwenze ungenakunqotshwa. Kwezinye izingxenye izindonga inqaba safinyelela 18 amamitha ukujiya, okwenza kube lula ukuba amelane ishaya ekhona ngesikhathi izinsimbi.

Ngokuvamile, ayenakho 4 kula masimu, anikezelwa Predvorotnyuyu, Lower, Ephakathi futhi Upper Castle. Izinga ngalinye kwaba kunolunye futhi iyunithi ukuzivikela, ngakho uma eziyizitezi aphansi yawa, abavikeli khona ukufihla phezulu futhi ukusinda iJerusalema livinjezelwe.

Ekhulwini le-14, njengoba manje, ukuze uthole ekamu Palanok (Mukachevo, operation - kusuka 9.00 kuya 18,00, off -. Bp) kwaba kuphela kungenzeka ku ibhuloho lezingodo phezu nomsele, ngesikhathi wawugcwele amanzi udonga, amaqembu kuphela - Palanka, eyenziwe ngawo okuthiwa.

Egcekeni omkhulu wokuqala kwaku emabhalekisini. Nabo babe eziyizitezi - kuka ukuthi ziphakeme, aba maningi umvuzo wathola lempi, bethwele inkonzo lapho. Omunye izakhiwo ezimangalisayo kakhulu Upper Castle kungumthombo imitha-75, okuyinto wamshaya ngqo entabeni Latorica River. Kuye ezingeni okuqukethwe amanzi ukuchichima kahle, khona-ke uya kude phansi kufanele donsa umswakama kude ukujula kuvuselele. Kodwa wasindisa abahlali ngenxa yokuvinjezelwa le nqaba, omunye eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3.

Ilona Zrinyi

Ngesinye isikhathi enqabeni kwakungezesizwana Rakoczy ubudala Transylvanian ubudala, livela uVlad Dracula 3. lwamakhosi yabo wabusa lapha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-100. Ngesinye isikhathi banikezwa isiphephelo lwamaSlav yaseTranscarpathia, ongazange afune ukwamukela isiko nenkolo abahlaseli Turkish. Abantu abanjalo ngokuthi karutsu, kanye nabamele i uhlanga lasendulo yaholela yibo.

Ilona Zrinyi waba legend esikhathini sakhe. Umfelokazi Ferenc Rakoczy ephethwe ukuvikela castle ngesikhathi evimbezela amabutho akhe we abakwaHabsburg futhi yathatha iminyaka engu-3. Yena wayedume ubuhle ongavamile. Kukhona ngisho legend kangangokuthi ngobusuku lokushaya isitha ku lady wangena izindonga ukubheka Amandla ebutho at abhidliza izindonga zayo. Kuleli qophelo, kuye kwabonakala ovamile Austria, yayilungiselela amasosha ukuhlasela. Owayethukile ubukeka nabesifazane abahle, lapho amasosha futhi wathi wasebenzisa ukulwa namasosha, nobuhle ngeke alwe.

Uma kungenjalo kube ukungathembeki imvelo sangaphakathi Ilona, ubuthi namanzi kahle, lokhu inqaba njalo kuzodlula ungalokothi uphonse ithawula. Namuhla, lona wesifazane omkhulu ungathi wakha isikhumbuzo enqabeni. Yena imi nendodana yakhe ngesikhathi okuvimbezela, nenhloko ezisencane lwamakhosi ophethe inkemba esandleni sakhe.

Liluphawu ukuthi akalokothi ekhotheme ukuza abakwaHabsburg futhi baqhubeka umsebenzi uyise nonina. Lapha futhi kukhona Palanok castle nomnikazi wayo. Ngo Mukachevo futhi ngenxa yalokho, yayiyindlela ekhulwini le-19 kuyinto lesikhumbuzo kowesifazane owadala indaba futhi kwaholela inguquko. Washona ngo-1703 futhi ukuphumula umlotha e Kosice (Slovakia).

castle Legends

Izikhangibavakashi e-Ukraine kungaba ozibongayo ubuhle futhi endulo, kodwa zinganekwane mhlawumbe ndawo ngakho abaningi le nqaba Palanok.

Lapha izinhlobonhlobo zokuthembela ezeni yesimanje enibaziyo labo amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukumba umthombo naphakathi idwala uye eyaqanjwa ukuncokola mukachevtsev le ndaba.

Abesilisa Omba kahle, usuku yokumba, ezimbili, eziyishumi, futhi namanje akukho amanzi. Prince nsuku ngolaka uyabuza: "Uphi amanzi?!" Futhi njalo bayaphendula kuye: "Cha" wezwa ngakho futhi nganquma ukuba uthole izici. Weza isikhulu futhi wathi isikhwama zegolide uzokwenza ngakho kule kahle kwaba njalo amanzi. Yini okumelwe uyenze? Prince bavumelana, conjured uSathane, amadoda ezaziwumbile, namanzi uvele.

Ngingcolile ukuza umvuzo, futhi ubapha isikhulu nephakeshana igolide, futhi wathi ku-ubukhulu, bengavumi. Kuyacaca ukuthi yokumba eside kanye nenamancoko nowasekhaya abahlali udale indaba iminyaka.

Nokho, namuhla enqabeni Palanok e Mukachevo - nganekwane, ngoba lapho abantu beza lapha phestri. Ubani bokuqala banquma ukuthi lesikhumbuzo Fedoru Koryatovichu ukhomba ngqo umunwe emhlabathini, kunjengokungathi bethi lokho kwakuhloselwe ukuba lapha - ukuthi singazi uyazi, kodwa namuhla izinkulungwane zabantu ninamathele kuye like straw.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abaningi babo abathi ukuthi isifiso sabo ngempela waqaphela phakathi nonyaka. Mhlawumbe okusebenza ukukholelwa isimangaliso, noma ngemva nje umuntu Isetshenziselwa velmozhny umunwe, novala amehlo akhe, wabeka esithebeni oyifunayo, wagcina waqala ukuthatha ezinye izinyathelo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa lesi simangaliso usebenza. Kusolakala ukuthi le nganekwane waqala emphilweni abafundi lazy kwaphila kubekwe phakathi kwalezi zindonga selhoztehnikum. Isetshenziselwa umunwe ngadonsa ithikithi kuphela ababewazi futhi manje izigidi zezivakashi ngaye ohlwitha okuthile Whispers obuseduze.

Castle ekhulwini lama-20

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 eTranscarpathia ingeyamakhosi Czech Republic, kulandele Hungary (inyama kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili), ke abephule siqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa yomunye. Esikhathini 50s lapha ixazululwe College nabafundi bayo wahlala ekamu wangaphambili.

kusukela ngonyaka ka 1989 kuphela baye bahlela emnyuziyamu ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo. Namhlanje enye jewel in the umgexo ezikhangayo eNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine iTranscarpathia. Akumangazi ukuthi izivakashi eziningi kakhulu kule ndawo, ngokuyinhloko unesithakazelo inqaba, okuyinto waziqhenya ngalokho ayekwenzile Mukachevo (castle Palanok). Intengo nomnyango kancane kuka ruble 35., ukuvakasha izobiza ruble 300. umuntu.

Lapho kunesidingo khona, imisebenzi sokubuyiselwa Kwakuseshwa, ngakho lesikhumbuzo elikhulu emlandweni futhi izakhiwo ubukeka iyafana ezinsukwini zika-Fedor Koryatovicha. Ifakiwe ezinhlwini uhlu "ezikhangayo avakashelwa Ukraine", futhi kahle sifaneleka. Lapha, konke okuphefumulayo umlando, ngakho enqabeni akukho off-inkathi.

Noma kunjalo kuyinto endaweni oyintandokazi kakhulu for honeymooners, suiting lomshado photo shoot. Kwenzeka ngokukhethekile phakathi nenkathi esukela entwasahlobo kuya Okthoba.

Eminyuziyamu & Izikhangibavakashi

Namuhla, zikhona amakamelo okukhululekile embukisweni imidwebo kanye eziqoshiwe, ngezimpelasonto abaculi ukudlala, iqoqo kabanzi abakhileyo ukuphila namasiko aseTranscarpathia izinto ngesikhathi kusuka 12 kuya kwekhulu lama-20. Ngo kwelinye lamakamelo inikeza izithonjana 16-19 eminyaka. Ngokuvamile elibamba amakhonsathi neminye imikhosi, okungangabazeki ukuthi ababekhona bangaba ngokwabo izivakashi enqabeni.

Uma othile ukhathele okuvelayo, ungakhululeka bese abe isidlo ku cafe, futhi imibala usuku kudlalwa licace, ungakwazi ozakwehlela zewayini amnyama enqabeni, manje esemgwaqweni yokunambitha amakamelo, ukuthinta nokunambitha iwayini brand "Chizay".

Le nqaba Palanok ingenziwa ngaphandle kokuba ibe umhlahlandlela, kodwa kuyoba nje ukuhamba emahholo kwayo buthule noveranda. Kuyinto abantu uthando ngale kwalezi zindonga usenze izindaba zabo salabo ababephila lapha wabhala kwalezi zinganekwane emangalisayo.

Ukubuka kusukela izindonga inqaba - lena elinye ithuba ukuze bajabulele ubuhle bendawo akumelwe lingabi nawo. Castle ebusuku Kubukeka umxhwele kakhulu.

Tours enqabeni

Tour eTranscarpathia - it is a umzila ethandwa kakhulu, ngoba konke:

• ezintabeni;
• emfuleni;
• ezikhangayo amaningi;
• umoya ohlanzekile;
• bantu abanomusa nabathanda;
• esihlwabusayo futhi unempilo cuisine wendawo;
• ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi lapho ungakwazi iqhaza Ukudlula;
• big futhi emuhle, futhi okubaluleke - inqaba yangempela.

Amanani lezi izinkambo abasakwazi ezinengqondo, cishe, ngakho kukhona unyaka wonke izinkambo kanye nohambo ukunikezela izimfihlakalo legends kwedolobha Mukachevo futhi castle yayo. Ngasinye isivakashi komuzi qinisekisa ukulahla umugqa uhlamvu lwemali wacasula emthonjeni futhi wenze isifiso ubuye lapha. Kulesi senzakalo, kukhona ngisho anecdote zendawo, futhi uyajabula ke ngokokuqala sesigidi uzokutshela, kuyafaneleka ukubuza.