Buddhism eRussia. Abantu Russia, abathi Buddhism

isikhala sezenkolo we Russian Federation wehlukile ngempela. Bangazihluphi indawo enkulu kakhulu futhi ekuhlanganiseni komthetho wawo wezombangazwe we enkulu izizwe eziningi namaqembu ezinhlanga, izwe kuyinto endaweni lapho kukhona amasiko ehlukene nezinkolo empumalanga nasentshonalanga, nasenyakatho, naseningizimu. UbuKristu nobuSulumane - amabili izinkolo zomhlaba, ezivamile isimo sethu. Ndawonye nabo, futhi eyesithathu umelwe, okuyinto ababethi esivela ezizweni eziningi zaseRussia - nobuBuddha. Mayelana lapho le nkolo luvame ezweni lethu, futhi sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

Buddhism eRussia

Buddhism - inkolo ehlukile, hhayi namanye. Ngaphakathi ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene Buddhist nemisinga nayo yehluka kakhulu. umsuka wayo ubophekile ukuba ungungqondongqondo yenkolo yaseNdiya, e lwakubo Buddhism unciphile yayo. Namuhla, emazweni bendabuko abathi ubuBuddha, kukhona Korea, eJapan, China, Nepal, nabanye, phakathi okuyinto ivelele Tibet. Kuze kube manje, ubuBuddha eRussia amelwe cishe zonke izinkolo ezinkulu nabantu abaningi abangamaBuddha. Phakathi kwabo, kukhona izikole ezahlukene Mahayana, Vajrayana, Theravada, Zen, Chan nezinye bendabuko hhayi kakhulu ubudlelwane eziningi. Nokho, iningi labantu abaqhuba Buddhism eRussia, ababambelele amasiko enkolo Tibetan.

Buddhist Ethnography Russian

Sinikeza ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: lokho Buddhist izizwe Russian namuhla?

Ngenxa izenzakalo zezombusazwe noxhumana nabo ngemasiko, ubuBuddha owokuqala wathatha impande phakathi Kalmyks futhi Tuvan. It okwenzeka ekhulwini XVI, lapho insimu ka kula ma-republic kanye abantu abahlala kuzo zaziyiziwula amalungu isimo-Mongolian Altan Khan. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva, ubuBuddha wethulwa Buryatia, lapho ligcwaliswe ngokuphumelelayo inkolo yendabuko imihambuma eSiberia - nemimoya, noma uma kungenjalo tengrizmom.

Buddhism Buryatia

Buryatia - republic of Russia kabani imingcele kusukela ezingwini empumalanga zonke eChibini iBaikal. Kokuba exhunywe Empire isiRashiya, kwaba ukumelana Russification futhi uphawu lobuKristu kugwenywe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma sekuvalwa kwamasiko, zezentengiselwano nezombusazwe ubuhlobo Mongolia, futhi ngalo kanye Tibet, abawenze aziwa phakathi izimfundiso Buryat Buddhist. I datsans itshe lokuqala lapha ezakhiwa ekhulwini XVIII.

Nakuba phakathi Buddhist abantu Buryats - yokugcina, ubani owayephambili inkolo, namuhla abakubonisayo iningi Buddhist nokujamela Buddhism eRussia. Buryatia iyona sokuqondisa Russian Buddhism - Buddhist Traditional Sangha yeRussia, kanye izindawo eziyinhloko nasezindaweni zokukhulekela. Into enkulu kunazo zonke Ivilginski ithempeli - yokuhlala Bandido Hambo Lama - Umholi kwezikamoya ingxenye enkulu Russian amaBuddha.

Kanye ubuBuddha, phakathi Buryat ovamile sasivumela iyona nemilingo yendabuko noma okuthiwa Chernaya Vera.

Buddhism zaseTuva

Tuva, i-republic, eyamukelwa e- Russian ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, okungukuthi ngo-1911. Tuva namuhla abathi ifomu efanayo imfundiso ethi Buryats - the Mahayana isiko Tibetan nobuBuddha. Nokho, kwakungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi: phakathi kwabokuqala yokufundisa Buddhist, ikakhulukazi ngesimo Hinayana, ensimini ka zaseTuva, bavele BC II leminyaka, phakathi Khanate Turkic. Kamuva izizwe Tuvan babe Uighurs kuhanjiswa umhlaba wabophula ezikude zaseTuva Turki. Nokho Uighurs ababethi inkolo Manichaean, walizwa ithonya nobuBuddha. Bathuthukise ebhaliwe, izazi isi-Uyghur waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhumusha imibhalo Buddhist kusukela izilimi Chinese Sogdian. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, otolika igxile azibhala Tibetan, okuyinto kunqunywa ukubusa obengeziwe Tibetan isiko. Lokhu kuthambekela kwaba kwagcizelela ekhulwini XIII, ithonya othisha-Mongolian abakhetha isiko Buddhist ka-Tibetan Lamas.

I zezindela wokuqala ezakhiwa baseTuva ngo-1772 futhi 1773, ngokulandelana. Nakuba umphakathi Buddhist ezikude zaseTuva kakhulu ithobela umugqa we Gelug, sicabangela abefundisi lezindela, ngamasiko endawo ukugunyaza Lamas oshadile Institute, okuyinto sici layo eliyingqayizivele. Njengoba e Buryatia, zaseTuva ngezizathu zenkolo zihlukaniswe amakamu amabili - shamanists namaBuddha.

Buddhism Kalmykia

Kalmykia kuyinto esifundeni kuphela eYurophu okwakusetshenziswa kuwo predominance sabantu Buddhist. Ukuba lezinceku Western izizwe-Mongolian Kalmyk lozalo iphindela Oirats, ukuze ujoyine izimfihlakalo inkolo yobuBuddha sibonga ekhulwini XIII ukuze ukungena umbuso uGenghis Khan. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi, ayikho enye inkolo ngaphandle kuphela yezombangazwe Oirats elite. I popularization imfundiso phakathi kwabantu abavamile kwenzeka kuphela XVI-XVII eminyaka. Futhi, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-Buryatia futhi zaseTuva, Kalmyk Buddhism liveza nokuthi amasiko enkolo Tibetan. Ikakhulukazi le ubudlelwano phakathi Tibet futhi Kalmykia kwaqinisa emva ukuqashelwa ngasekuqaleni XVII ekhulwini Oirat umfana angakwazi Third uDalai Lama.

Ukusabalala Buddhism phakathi Oirats lula ukusungulwa ehlukile Kalmyk yobuhlanga. Isakhiwo odlule lihlanganisa izizwe Oirat, bamukela Buddhism yalungisa kuya entshonalanga ngaphakathi isimo Russian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuncike umbusi waseRussia, Kalmyks kwakhiwa ukuphathwa ayo - Kalmyk Khanate. Lesi sakamuva wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu 1771, lapho esinqumweni Umbusikazi uCatherine II, saqedwa. Esikhathini esizayo, i-Kalmyk Buddhism athuthukile, aluthola izici kazwelonke, efana Buryat futhi zaseTuva Sangha wahola umzabalazo ezingokwenkolo nemimoya.

Buddhism eU.SSR

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution Buddhism eRussia lezwakala kuncike Amathrendi okungokomoya ngaleso sikhathi-imfashini - renovationism. Synthesis dharma futhi Marxism yayihloselwe kabusha umphakathi nabantu abaningi abangamaBuddha. Njengengxenye yalolu ukunyakaza eMoscow ngo-20-yalolucwaningo. Ngisho ebanjwa Zonke-Russian Buddhist Council. Kodwa-ke Inqubomgomo seqembu washintsha futhi maqondana nezinhlangano zenkolo waqala ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu mass. Izigodlo babe avaliwe, wabhubhisa amathempeli abefundisi bashushisa. Kuze post-yimpi "ncibilika" izizwe Russia, abathi Buddhism, silahlekelwe zezindela ezingaphezu kuka-150. Ngo Buryatia kusukela 15,000 Lamas kuya ku-1948 abantu okungenani 600 wahlala. Ngokuphathelene zaseTuva futhi Kalmykia ke kokubili izifunda, kwakukhona nedlanzana ezimbalwa okuwukuphela kwabantu abasinda lapho kwabefundisi 8000.

Abantu Russia abenza Buddhism namuhla

Ngaphambi yokwakha kabusha Buddhist umzimba iqondisa umsebenzi izinhlangano Buddhist, CBB sasiseSoviet Union (Central Administration Ezingokomoya amaBuddha wase-USSR). Esikhathini 90 zokuqala ke saqanjwa CBB Russia. Manje lokhu umzimba libizwa Buddhist Traditional Sangha Russia futhi kuhlanganisa e ubulungu bayo emphakathini Buddhist of Buryatia. izinhlangano sezenkolo zaseTuva futhi Kalmykia ukuzimela ngangokunokwenzeka. Nokho, BTSR igunya Buryatia futhi phesheya ukuqaphela akubona bonke. Ngenxa yalokho izingxabano zezombangazwe yokungakholelwa Buddhist Umphakathi usebhekene uchungechunge ezidabula futhi ngaphandle izinhlangano main has izinhlangano ezimele eziningana nemiphakathi ezimele.

Kunoma ikuphi, ubuBuddha eRussia umelwe, njengasekuqaleni, ezifundeni ezintathu ezinkulu - Buryatia, zaseTuva futhi Kalmykia.

Eminye imiphakathi Buddhist eRussia

Abantu Traditional yeRussia, amaBuddha namuhla akuzona kuphela abaphathi isiko Buddhist kanye namasiko. Muva nje, kucelwe inkolo kakhulu yawenza e intsha kanye nezazi. Emadolobheni amakhulu azoqhubeka evuleka izikhungo ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwabo, ngaphezu izikole yendabuko Tibetan ubuBuddha, kunamahhovisi we-Korean, isi-Chinese futhi Japanese Zen Buddhism, Theravada futhi Dzogchen. Russia eminyakeni embalwa edlule, wavakashela othisha eziningi ezingokomoya. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, abantu bakithi nabo abameleli izindela ezingamaBuddha zenza nabefundisi.

isiphetho

Fashion Buddhism eRussia asigcini, futhi ngalo mqondo, izwe lethu abelana ikhubalo ezivamile European aseMpumalanga. Ngokuvamile, ukuthenga eliningi, buddofiliya yasekhaya ilahlekelwa ngekhwalithi, okuyinto igcwele ebusweni ukusabalala, okufana abekelwe emaceleni Buddhism eRussia.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuBuddha - inkolo eRussia njengoba bendabuko njengoba ubuKristu nobuSulumane. Ngakho-ke, isimo salo nemibomo esizayo Kumqoka kakhulu ekukhuleni kahle isiko Russian.