Bored nge grillage isisekelo: ubuchwepheshe, ukubala

Foundation unesizungu nge grillage ubhekwa enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi izindleko akuyona ebiza kakhulu. isakhiwo ababhekene nesimo esinje kungabaduduza esakhiwe ngokuzimela. Yiqiniso, uzodinga unombono mayelana nokusebenza ubuchwepheshe umsebenzi onjalo. Kufanele kube pre-ukukhiqiza zonke izibalo ezidingekayo. Yilokho le nkulumo kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuhlela isisekelo nesithukuthezi

Imisebenzi indlu yalolu hlobo eyayiye isetshenziswe inkinga ezindaweni - exhaphozini noma emithambekeni. On nenhlabathi abavamile ishibhile futhi kulula ukubeka isiqeshana izisekelo evamile. Kakhulu grillage alithembekile eyenziwe ipuleti. Kwezinye izimo, njengoba tape zokugcina ifakiwe. Yiqiniso, inketho lokuqala kuyoba ezibizayo.

ukubala amakholomu

Yiqiniso, ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa isakhiwo ezifana nesithukuthezi inqwaba isisekelo, kubalulekile ukwenza zonke izibalo ezidingekayo. Okokuqala, ngenani kunqunywa izingongolo. Lokhu kulinganisela incike isisindo yendlu futhi ezilinganiselwe kuso. Umbandela wesibili sokunquma inani amakholomu obudingekayo, eqinisweni, ubukhulu babo. Ayanda njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi ngaphansi isidingo yinqwaba. Ngakho, ikholomu ububanzi 300 mm uyakwazi withstanding nomthwalo 1700 kg. yinqwaba ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe oqoshiwe, bruschatyh noma ngohlaka ezakhiwe. Ngaphansi izakhiwo esindayo ngezitini noma isikhukhula ukufaka yinqwaba namandla kakhulu - 500 mm. Bayakwazi ukumelana isisindo 5000 kg kakade. Isisindo ikhaya esizayo yesamba ubungako wonke lamakhono abalulekile ukuze izinto zayo ukwakhiwa. Ngakho, ukubala inani yinqwaba akunzima. Yiqiniso, kuyodingeka ukwengeza okuholela sibalo nesisindo grillage.

Lapho kwenziwe kahle aphume izibalo ukuthola isisekelo okuthembekile. yinqwaba obunesithukuthezi nge isihlenga - isisekelo okuhlala isikhathi eside ngempela. Nokho, ukuze senze izinto zenzeke ngakho udinga konke okunye kahle ukubala Isikhala phakathi kwezinsika. Uma ukhetha ibanga phakathi yinqwaba kudingeka sikhumbule ukuthi akufanele idlule ezintathu diameters yabo. Okungukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, ibanga esiphezulu phakathi yinqwaba 500 mm - kanye amamitha nengxenye.

ekubalweni grillage

Bala kwemigomo tape isakhiwo ezifana nesithukuthezi inqwaba isisekelo, futhi kulula. ububanzi ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane esiphambanweni kwesigaba kwezinsika. Futhi, uma ukhetha le ndlela, sinake ukushuba we izindonga. Grillage ububanzi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-zabo ezingaphezu kuka 1/3. I-axis tape sibekwa ngendlela yokuthi kube kuvumelana eksisi odongeni. Uma ukwakhiwa yokukhanya, grillage ukuphakama ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane ububanzi noma kancane ngaphezulu. Leteyipu kufanelekile isisekelo Uhlaka kanye log izindlu. ukuphakama Grillage ngaphansi izakhiwo esindayo - isitini noma ukhonkolo - akumele ibe ngaphansi kuka 1.5 lingakanani ububanzi.

ukubala ukuqinisa

Yiqiniso, ukungicika grillage isisekelo kufanele kwagcizelela efulemini yensimbi. Olunesisindo esikhudlwana lwaluba wokwakha aba maningi Isikhala phakathi yinqwaba, enokwethenjelwa esiningi afanelekayo. Samuntu eliphezulu luhlaka kubhekwa induku evulekile 12 mm. Material of ububanzi ezincane azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa isisekelo. Ngokwe SNP, metal ekusakazeni kufanele kuqukathe okungenani 0.1% endaweni yayo ngokuphelele. rebar Ebophela emvinini wenziwe wire ekhethekile. Uhlaka eziphothene isisekelo akunakwenzeka.

Isisekelo umsebenzi wokwakha

Ngakho, ukubala wenziwe esisekelweni nesithukuthezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele udwebe imidwebo. Le phrojekthi uzodinga ukufaka uhlelo lwakhe lokufundisa abantu (buka phezulu), kanye idayagramu cross-Sectional. Ngala Izibalo kunzima ukwenza iphutha ekwakhiweni endlini. Le phrojekthi uzodinga futhi zihlanganisa ipuleti nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukusakaza umkhiqizo wabo, Ukucaciswa kanye nobungako.

wokugubha ukukhishwa

Ngakho, zonke izibalo zenziwa. Sekuyisikhathi uqala ukugcwalisa. Ngaphansi pre-yamba isisekelo isihlenga is wokugubha. Kulokhu, indlela elula ukusebenzisa indlela "yaseGibhithe" unxantathu. Oku-kumakwe phansi ezimbili amakhona isakhiwo oseza udonga olude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma intambo esinamafindo iboshelwe kuwo (3, 4, no-5 m) ezinye engela ezimbili. Squareness uhlolwa diagonals. Khona-ke ukushayela amakhona ezigxotsheni futhi ukudonsa intambo eduze nentaba isisekelo ikusasa ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Phawula isidingo nendawo izimbobo esizayo.

wokumba

Foundation ababevinjezelwe nesithukuthezi kumele ahlelwe kuhambisana nemithetho ethile kuphela. Pit ngaphansi izinsika yamba tonkhe ezaziphase isakhiwo, kanye ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo izindonga ngaphakathi. Ukujula we yinqwaba incike ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa. Lapho ukwakha isisekelo ngaphansi kwendlu ngezandla zakhe bangcwabe ochwepheshe babo ukuncoma engengaphansi kwengu-1.5-2 m. Kulokhu, amazinga umnkantsha futhi indawo komhlaba ngokuqinisekile ingadlulela. Umsebenzi kungenziwa engadini borer. Kuleso simo, uma emhlabathini izimbuku esakhiweni, ku ihlaba ekujuleni kwemithombo kudingeka uthele esihlabathini ungqimba ukushuba okungenani 5 cm.

Ukufakwa formwork unomphela nokuqiniswa

Ngakho ukususa impi ngomumo. Yini elandelayo? Ukungicika isihlenga isisekelo ngezandla zakhe ngokuvamile kwenziwa phezu amapayipi. Emhlabathini okuxekethile ngaphansi izingongolo kumele kusetshenziswe imikhiqizo metal. Ukuze Friend okwaziyo futhi amakhadibhodi amashubhu, kodwa ngempela ukuba afuthwe ngesibulali ibitume mastic noma samafutha angcolile. It futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa version kwabo asbestos. Ngenhla phansi formwork kumele ifike indiza efanayo ezingeni. Lapho ethela isisekelo sale hlobo kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isisekelo isihlenga phansi ukuba uqambe amanga noma ngisho uthinte ke akufanele. Ibanga ukusuka phansi yayo olunesihlabathi kwenhlabathi kufanele okungenani 5 cm, distending - 10 cm.

Uma formwork efakwe, it kwehlisa yokugcizelela izinduku zixhunywe metal izibopho e ziyakhula imitha elilodwa. Ngenhla yinqwaba, kufanele avuke by 10-15 cm. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kamuva enze isixha rebar izingongolo nge nokufakwa grillage.

ukugcwalisa okuthunyelwe

mix ukhonkolo ukuze yinqwaba nesithukuthezi wenza kulibanga okusezingeni eliphezulu usimende (mhlawumbe M400) futhi ezinkulu esihlabathini sifted ngaphandle ukungcola organic kule ingxenye 1: 3. Bay ngamabhakede eziningana tube isixazululo bhoboza futhi enyakaza esigxotsheni noma induku ukususa voids. Ngakho ukwenza njengoba nje formwork ligcwele ngokuphelele. A ngokwanele aminyene inhlabathi ukuqinisa izinduku ongaqhoshisa ngqo ingxube.

isigaba sesethulo yinqwaba

Uma wayefisa, esikhathini sethu, okungomunye zabasebenzi kungenziwa balulaza ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ungafuni ukuchitha isikhathi ethela amakholomu ukhonkolo, nje ukuthenga ngomumo eyenziwe isikulufa metal yinqwaba. Isikulufa wabayisa phansi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini ephambili. Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi kumele ihlangabezane abantu abambalwa. Ngokuvamile, ezimbili ngokufaka crowbar endaweni Slots inqwaba, screwed ke walihlanganisa nomhlabathi phansi. Umuntu wesithathu elawula ezingeni verticality. Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa le ndlela kuphela ezindaweni hhayi enamadwala kakhulu.

I grillage kudivayisi

Qhubeka ukwakhiwa isakhiwo ezifana isisekelo isihlenga nesithukuthezi, lakhiwa ngezandla zakhe, enzelana opholile. Ngaphansi kungenzeka ukwenza formwork phansi. Kodwa njengoba grillage e izisekelo enjalo ngokuvamile akuyona liphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu komhlabathi, ungenza kube lula. Ngaphansi phansi kwakhe nje wathela isihlabathi futhi kuqondiswa kusukela phezulu ukuze bathole inkundla obuphelele wonke tape esizayo ububanzi okwanele. On the okuholela "phansi", qiniseka ukubeka isiqeshana of ukufulela impahla. Kungenjalo amanzi isixazululo uzobe ukudonseleka isihlabathi. Ezinhlangothini efakwe formwork ezivamile.

Ngo isinyathelo esilandelayo esimweni is batheleka ukushuba 5 cm. Uma ngeke bamba, kungaba sikulungele ukufaka yezinyoni abalwazi kahle ulimi. It kufanele ihlotshaniswe ne zensimbi esetshenziwe nimkhiphela of yinqwaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, formwork selibekiwe ukhonkolo. Lapho ukusakaza itheyiphu kanye inqwaba ukuba ngezikhathi ezithile esigxotsheni noma bhoboza lokwela.

Isigaba sokugcina

Ngakho ugcwalise isisekelo ukungicika grillage. Ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa yayo, njengoba kungabonwa, oluphakeme elula. Nokho, ukuze sithole okungcono isisekelo kungenzeka indlu, okudingeka ukwenze enye into.

Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ususe formwork kusuka tape. Sand kungcono ukushiya okungenani ngesonto. Zingakapheli izinsuku eziyishumi nane elandelayo isisekelo uzodinga ngezikhathi oswakanyiswe amanzi ukwenza kube lungaveli imifantu phezulu. Ukuze sime phansi ngaphansi kwendlu akufanele kube esingaphansi kwenyanga. Kuyinto leso sikhathi uzuza ukhonkolo amandla anele.

Ngaphambi kokuba bathathe odongeni wokwakha noma inhlangano, qiniseka bonyana batshidze tape ezimbili zamatshe ukufulela impahla, ethe njo asphalt zabo ze-mastic.

Njengoba ubona, ethela isakhiwo ezifana isisekelo isihlenga unesizungu, ngobuchwepheshe - ilula. Into eyinhloko ukuhambisana nayo yonke izincomo bese usebenzisa zokwakha zeqophelo eliphezulu. Kulokhu, base lalilondzekile, futhi isakhiwo uyokuma kuso amashumi eminyaka.