Bem Elizaveta: Biography nesithombe

ithalente Good esakuthwala ukukhanya futhi injabulo abadala kanye nezingane, kwadingeka Elizaveta Merkurevna Bem (1843 - 1914).

Esakhula

Bem Elizaveta wazalwa Petersburg emndenini kwabokufika kusukela ubudala Tatar umndeni Endaurovyh abaye esitshalweni ukusevisa tsars Russian ekhulwini xv. Nge eminyakeni emihlanu kuya nane wayehlala izindlu kayise esifundazweni Yaroslavl. Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe Bem Elizaveta walithanda impilo yasemakhaya nezingane yasemakhaya. Kwakumelwe umthombo njalo ugqozi, esikhathini lapho Elizabeth Merkuryevna esekhulile. Okwamanje, le ntombazane akazange uyayekela ipeni ukudweba kunoma iyiphi ephepheni ukuthi uwela ekhwapheni. Ajwayelekile belulekwa abazali bakhe ukunikeza intombazane ukufunda ubuciko entrained. Abazali, lapho indodakazi yami engu-14, ukubonakala kwakhe esikoleni ukukhuthaza abaculi. othisha bawo babeyizimpisi abantu ezivelele - Chistyakov, Kramskoy, A. Beydman. Bem Elizaveta kokuphothula esikoleni eminyakeni 21 1864 nge wendondo yegolide.

umshado

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, uLiza Endaurova ashade Ludwig Frantsevich Bem. Wayeneminyaka engu-emidala kuno 16, kodwa ekhangayo ngoba eyinqaba yayo. Kwaba umculi-violin, ngubani-ke waziphatha nokufundisa kileso St Petersburg Conservatory. endlini yabo njalo umculo wayedlala, hhayi kuphela violin. Piano wayebuye abe ithuluzi ozithandayo. Umshado, lapho wangena Bem Elizaveta, wajabula. Wazala izingane eziningana. Umndeni wawuhlala Vasilevsky Island, kamuva, lapho izingane zazikhula, waqala ukuphila ngokwehlukile, noma kunjalo, noma ngaphandle wonke umndeni wawuhlangene ndawonye nabazukulu babo, besikole bahlangana ekwamukeleni wokungenisa izihambi ekhaya ugogo Elizabeth Merkuryevna, futhi aphinde fabulously kwakuzwakala Stradivarius violin ukuthi uma kwakungekaNkulunkulu Beethoven, futhi ubani manje udlala Ludwig Frantsevich. Waletha ke naye kusukela Vienna.

Silhouettes

Ngo XVII ekhulwini umsuka Craze cut nge sikelo kusukela ishidi eligoqiwe lephepha Silhouettes ekumeni Contour izithombe amaphrofayli. Ekhulwini XVIII kwaba nje ukufutheka. Abantu bahlala kusihlwa kanye nemindeni yonke usike isithombe ucishe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kungaba ngomkhumbi, egijima amahhashi noma isithombe indoda endaweni yobude obugcwele nge isigqoko futhi umhlanga. Ngenxa yalesi lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela iphepha omnyama nomhlophe namakhaladi. Wayethanda, futhi Hans Christian Andersen. izingcweti kulesi sifundo esihle ukuthi masterfully ephethwe sikelo Were. Ekhulwini XIX ezingeni yobuciko okusezingeni eliphezulu waphakamisa Bem Elizaveta. Kusukela 1875 waqala ukwenza isithombe ngalé kule nqubo ye lithography. On ke inki ekhethekile itshe iphucuziwe ebusweni sisetshenziswa iphethini edwetshwe ngemininingwane emihle (abacaphuni izinwele izingane, kwezimpaphe zezinyoni kruzhevtsa ku unodoli igqoka, utshani ezicashile, amacembe yokulungisa izimbali), khona-ke kwagxila ke acid, okuholela emva isicelo kapende nowokunyathelisa iphutha isimangaliso encane . Ngakho indlela kuyinkimbinkimbi ukwenza Elizaveta Bem Silhouettes. Manje kungenziwa kaningi ephrintiwe lonke kunyatheliswa izincwadi. Kwaqale kwafika 'Silhouettes "amakhadi. Wamkhulula-albhamu "Silhouettes kwezingane" eminyakeni emibili. Awekho ama-albhamu angaphansi kwamahlanu yashicilelwa kamuva. Babesebenzisa i ukuthandwa uhlanya. Banyathelisa hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa futhi phesheya, ikakhulukazi e-Paris. abalandeli bawo babeyizimpisi uLeo Tolstoy futhi IIya Repin.

imifanekiso

Bem Elizaveta kuboniswe omagazini zezingane "igrushechki" futhi Malyutochka kusukela 1882 ". Kamuva - inganekwane "I Itheniphu" izinganekwane Krylov futhi "Amanothi we Hunter" Ivan Turgenev, laseChekhov, Nekrasov, uNikolai Leskov. Futhi kuyo yonke indawo Kwathi empumelelweni. umhlaziyi eqinile V. Stasov Wakhuluma ngomdlandla ngalesi umsebenzi wakhe. Silhouettes wakhe uyithayiphe yonke iYurophu. Omunye ngemva komunye ngaphandle yokukhishwa kwawo e Berlin, Paris, London, Vienna ngisho naphesheya kwezilwandle. Ngisho nalapho buthaka ukungaboni (1896) kanye umculi kwesokunxele inqubo ukuma komklamo, noma kunjalo, okusebenza iqhaza embukisweni wonke, bethola izindondo. Ngakho, ngo-1906 umculi waklonyeliswa ukuthi uzothatha indondo yegolide Milan.

ABC

Esikhathini sethu, kwakungenakwenzeka ukunquma nini uhlelo lokuqala "ABC". Ngokusobala, lokhu kwenzeka emhlabeni ekupheleni 80s. LE NCWADI ephawulekayo wadonsela ingane, okwamenza abheke imidwebo ezimibalabala, kanyekanye ngekhanda izinhlamvu. Ukuze incwadi "Buki" zokuqala, zaveza ngesimo inyoka, ngalo yambamba umsila wayo. Isithombe sikhombisa wohlanga olukhulu abasha. Ngineminyaka engu umbhalo bezijabulisa, okuyinto ubephelezelwa imifanekiso ethakazelisayo yamazwi amahle kuwo wonke amakhasi. Izincwadi zazenziwa isitayela labo zokuqala, owenza miniature bafaniswe anemibala lettering XIV - XVI eminyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, isenzo ncwadi. Kubonisa a nogubhu isidlali esincane, ohlezi phezu kwebhentshi endlini bethi amazwi. Nge uthando kuya abafundi abasha wenza imidwebo Elizaveta Bem. "ABC" nje edonsela futhi akazivumeli abazali abafundisa ingane yabo noma ingane ohlola ngokucophelela esithombeni ngasinye ukuzwa lokho abazali ukufunda kuye. Lokhu "ABC" is zibhaliwe ifomu yezinhlobo isipho, futhi ngekhulu xxi nge lendwangu lesikhumba ihlanganisa ne izinkintsho zethusi. Futhi phakathi kwekhulu XX izinhlamvu zibhaliwe eNew York.

Amakhadi wamaholidi

Lena umugqa ekhethekile emsebenzini wakhe. Vula izinhlamvu, eyayikhanga Elizaveta Bem, umculi ngakwazi ukwenza acacile nangenakulibaleka. Kwakuwusuku amakhadi iholidi, okuyinto abantu bathunyelwa Christmas noma Easter. Amazwibela benza umculi yena, okubonisa ubuhlakani obukhulu. Ematheksthi kuhlanganisiwe izakhi the amaculo Easter, kanye izingcaphuno ezivela izimbongi isiRashiya, futhi umculi ozithandayo, izaga kanye namazwi. Amakhadi uvele 1900s zakuqala. Elizaveta Bem ekuqaleni ubambisana nomphakathi ukushicilela zokuxhumana. Eugenia, futhi kamuva - Petersburg ne ngokuqinile URichard IS Lapin Paris. Vula izinhlamvu waphuma izinhlelo ezinkulu ngezindinganiso isikhathi - amakhophi angamakhulu amathathu. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kukhona izingane ebukekayo futhi amaqanda kanye pussy willow ngesineke. Kodwa lo mfanyana intombazanyana limnandi ukuze lokhu ngabahlakaniphileyo umbala esithombeni ukhuluma inhliziyo kakhulu.

Ngifaka i-nsuku zonke

Futhi uthande kubathengi ngoba bachazwa izigcawu kusuka ekuphileni isiRashiya, egcwele izinkondlo, ukusondelana nokufudumala. Benza isignesha mculi. Endzabeni kanye nemlingisi lomcoka likhadi lakhe babe emzaneni izingane, ngubani Elizabeth Merkuryevna wazibona zonke ehlobo lapho ayefika izindlu eduze Yaroslavl. Labo, isibonelo, ukuxabana, nencwadi evulekile yayihloselwe, okuyinto angabizwa ngokuthukuthela futhi ningabathukutheleli surly, futhi enze ukuthula. Lapha izingane abagqoké inkathi izingubo, okuyinto yena eziqoqiwe. Umdwebi kwadingeka iqoqo elikhulu kwezinto kwezobuciko okuhlobisa kanye isicelo. Ngakho-ke, i-kungathembeki kwalo benihlambalaza engenakwenzeka. Ngisho "nokuncoma trifle 'ezifana ikhadi iba wobuciko, ogxile iqiniso. Ngakho otkrytochku amnandi esibhalwe ukuthi "inhliziyo impendulo ukulinda." Lezi amakhadi baye balandela emasikweni isiko kazwelonke futhi izakhi temdzabu kuhlanganisiwe.

Ukwenza izitsha

Glass ngephutha kanye nokwelashwa yayo, ukuya komfowabo u-Alexander phezu isitshalo ukwenziwa crystal, futhi lobu buchwepheshe eyinkimbinkimbi umxhwele Elizabeth Merkuryevna, futhi, njalo, wafika impumelelo yakhe. Okokuqala, ebuka ubudala, bendabuko Bratina, nezitsha zokuphuza, izinkomishi, amabhakede, waqala ukwakha. Khona-ke kakade wasondela mdwebo. Futhi lokhu kwaba umsebenzi exhunywe ne anobuthi intuthu-fluoride. Ngu Etching ingilazi umculi egqoka buso. Futhi ngokushesha ngawo lowo nyaka, waqala abaqhuba ingilazi Decor, embukisweni Chicago, wathola wendondo yegolide.

Ngo-1896 kwathatha beka yokugubha usuku lwamashumi amabili umsebenzi wokudala Elizavety Merkurevny. Zonke nezihlakaniphi abasabela ngayo kuye. kwavela Halala kusukela Lva Tolstogo, Ivan Aivazovsky, Repin, Stasov, Somov, I. Zabelin, A. Maikov.

Ngo-1904, u-Elizabeth Merkuryevna waba umfelokazi, kodwa namanje ayikwazanga ukucabanga ukuphila ngaphandle lokusungula. Futhi ngo-1914, ngosuku olwandulela neMpi Yezwe II, washona. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, imisebenzi yakhe ungazange imangalelwe, bazama ukukhohlwa. Hhayi ukubulala wabuciko, okwadala Elizaveta Bem. Biography ke uye wazakhela ngokujabula. Imisebenzi yakhe bayaphila futsi sijabulise abayithandayo zakhe futhi manje lapho kuye kwaba iminyaka eyikhulu ngemva kokushona komkakhe.